436 lines
18 KiB
Groff
436 lines
18 KiB
Groff
.Dd 2002-04-09
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.Dt TINC.CONF 5
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.\" Manual page created by:
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.\" Ivo Timmermans
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.\" Guus Sliepen <guus@tinc-vpn.org>
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm tinc.conf
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.Nd tinc daemon configuration
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The files in the
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/
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directory contain runtime and security information for the tinc daemon.
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.Sh NETWORKS
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It is perfectly ok for you to run more than one tinc daemon.
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However, in its default form,
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you will soon notice that you can't use two different configuration files without the
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.Fl c
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option.
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.Pp
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We have thought of another way of dealing with this: network names.
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This means that you call
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.Nm
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with the
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.Fl n
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option, which will assign a name to this daemon.
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.Pp
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The effect of this is that the daemon will set its configuration root to
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa / ,
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where
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.Ar NETNAME
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is your argument to the
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.Fl n
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option.
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You'll notice that messages appear in syslog as coming from
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.Nm tincd. Ns Ar NETNAME .
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.Pp
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However, it is not strictly necessary that you call tinc with the
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.Fl n
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option.
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In this case, the network name would just be empty,
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and it will be used as such.
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.Nm tinc
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now looks for files in
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ ,
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instead of
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa / ;
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the configuration file should be
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/tinc.conf ,
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and the host configuration files are now expected to be in
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/hosts/ .
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.Pp
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But it is highly recommended that you use this feature of
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.Nm tinc ,
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because it will be so much clearer whom your daemon talks to.
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Hence, we will assume that you use it.
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.Sh NAMES
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Each tinc daemon should have a name that is unique in the network which it will be part of.
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The name will be used by other tinc daemons for identification.
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The name has to be declared in the
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc.conf
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file.
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.Pp
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To make things easy,
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choose something that will give unique and easy to remember names to your tinc daemon(s).
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You could try things like hostnames, owner surnames or location names.
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.Sh PUBLIC/PRIVATE KEYS
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You should use
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.Ic tincd -K
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to generate public/private keypairs.
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It will generate two keys.
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The private key should be stored in a separate file
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /rsa_key.priv
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\-\- where
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.Ar NETNAME
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stands for the network (see
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.Sx NETWORKS )
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above.
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The public key should be stored in the host configuration file
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /hosts/ Ns Va NAME
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\-\- where
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.Va NAME
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stands for the name of the local tinc daemon (see
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.Sx NAMES ) .
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.Sh SERVER CONFIGURATION
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The server configuration of the daemon is done in the file
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc.conf .
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This file consists of comments (lines started with a
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.Li # )
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or assignments in the form of:
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.Pp
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.Va Variable Li = Ar Value .
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.Pp
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The variable names are case insensitive, and any spaces, tabs,
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newlines and carriage returns are ignored.
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Note: it is not required that you put in the
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.Li =
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sign, but doing so improves readability.
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If you leave it out, remember to replace it with at least one space character.
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.Pp
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Here are all valid variables, listed in alphabetical order.
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The default value is given between parentheses.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Va AddressFamily Li = ipv4 | ipv6 | any Pq any
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This option affects the address family of listening and outgoing sockets.
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If
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.Qq any
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is selected, then depending on the operating system both IPv4 and IPv6 or just
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IPv6 listening sockets will be created.
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.It Va BindToAddress Li = Ar address Bq experimental
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If your computer has more than one IPv4 or IPv6 address,
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.Nm tinc
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will by default listen on all of them for incoming connections.
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It is possible to bind only to a single address with this variable.
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.Pp
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This option may not work on all platforms.
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.It Va BindToInterface Li = Ar interface Bq experimental
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If your computer has more than one network interface,
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.Nm tinc
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will by default listen on all of them for incoming connections.
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It is possible to bind only to a single interface with this variable.
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.Pp
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This option may not work on all platforms.
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.It Va ConnectTo Li = Ar name
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Specifies which other tinc daemon to connect to on startup.
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Multiple
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.Va ConnectTo
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variables may be specified,
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in which case outgoing connections to each specified tinc daemon are made.
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The names should be known to this tinc daemon
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(i.e., there should be a host configuration file for the name on the
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.Va ConnectTo
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line).
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.Pp
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If you don't specify a host with
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.Va ConnectTo ,
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.Nm tinc
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won't try to connect to other daemons at all,
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and will instead just listen for incoming connections.
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.It Va Device Li = Ar device Po Pa /dev/tap0 , Pa /dev/net/tun No or other depending on platform Pc
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The virtual network device to use.
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.Nm tinc
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will automatically detect what kind of device it is.
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Note that you can only use one device per daemon.
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Under Windows, use
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.Va Interface
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instead of
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.Va Device .
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The info pages of the tinc package contain more information
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about configuring the virtual network device.
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.It Va GraphDumpFile Li = Ar filename Bq experimental
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If this option is present,
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.Nm tinc
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will dump the current network graph to the file
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.Ar filename
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every minute, unless there were no changes to the graph.
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The file is in a format that can be read by graphviz tools.
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If
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.Ar filename
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starts with a pipe symbol |,
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then the rest of the filename is interpreted as a shell command
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that is executed, the graph is then sent to stdin.
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.It Va Hostnames Li = yes | no Pq no
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This option selects whether IP addresses (both real and on the VPN) should
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be resolved. Since DNS lookups are blocking, it might affect tinc's
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efficiency, even stopping the daemon for a few seconds every time it does
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a lookup if your DNS server is not responding.
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.Pp
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This does not affect resolving hostnames to IP addresses from the
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host configuration files.
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.It Va Interface Li = Ar interface
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Defines the name of the interface corresponding to the virtual network device.
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Depending on the operating system and the type of device this may or may not actually set the name of the interface.
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Under Windows, this variable is used to select which network interface will be used.
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If you specified a
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.Va Device ,
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this variable is almost always already correctly set.
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.It Va KeyExpire Li = Ar seconds Pq 3600
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This option controls the period the encryption keys used to encrypt the data are valid.
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It is common practice to change keys at regular intervals to make it even harder for crackers,
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even though it is thought to be nearly impossible to crack a single key.
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.It Va MACExpire Li = Ar seconds Pq 600
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This option controls the amount of time MAC addresses are kept before they are removed.
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This only has effect when
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.Va Mode
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is set to
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.Qq switch .
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.It Va MaxTimeout Li = Ar seconds Pq 900
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This is the maximum delay before trying to reconnect to other tinc daemons.
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.It Va Mode Li = router | switch | hub Pq router
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This option selects the way packets are routed to other daemons.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It router
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In this mode
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.Va Subnet
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variables in the host configuration files will be used to form a routing table.
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Only unicast packets of routable protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) are supported in this mode.
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.Pp
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This is the default mode, and unless you really know you need another mode, don't change it.
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.It switch
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In this mode the MAC addresses of the packets on the VPN will be used to
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dynamically create a routing table just like an Ethernet switch does.
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Unicast, multicast and broadcast packets of every protocol that runs over Ethernet are supported in this mode
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at the cost of frequent broadcast ARP requests and routing table updates.
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.Pp
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This mode is primarily useful if you want to bridge Ethernet segments.
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.It hub
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This mode is almost the same as the switch mode, but instead
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every packet will be broadcast to the other daemons
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while no routing table is managed.
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.El
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.It Va Name Li = Ar name Bq required
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This is the name which identifies this tinc daemon.
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It must be unique for the virtual private network this daemon will connect to.
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.It Va PingInterval Li = Ar seconds Pq 60
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The number of seconds of inactivity that
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.Nm tinc
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will wait before sending a probe to the other end.
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.It Va PingTimeout Li = Ar seconds Pq 5
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The number of seconds to wait for a response to pings or to allow meta
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connections to block. If the other end doesn't respond within this time,
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the connection is terminated,
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and the others will be notified of this.
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.It Va PriorityInheritance Li = yes | no Po no Pc Bq experimental
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When this option is enabled the value of the TOS field of tunneled IPv4 packets
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will be inherited by the UDP packets that are sent out.
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.It Va PrivateKey Li = Ar key Bq obsolete
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The private RSA key of this tinc daemon.
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It will allow this tinc daemon to authenticate itself to other daemons.
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.It Va PrivateKeyFile Li = Ar filename Po Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /rsa_key.priv Pc
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The file in which the private RSA key of this tinc daemon resides.
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Note that there must be exactly one of
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.Va PrivateKey
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or
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.Va PrivateKeyFile
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specified in the configuration file.
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.It Va TunnelServer Li = yes | no Po no Pc Bq experimental
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When this option is enabled tinc will no longer forward information between other tinc daemons,
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and will only allow nodes and subnets on the VPN which are present in the
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.Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /hosts/
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directory.
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.El
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.Sh HOST CONFIGURATION FILES
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The host configuration files contain all information needed
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to establish a connection to those hosts.
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A host configuration file is also required for the local tinc daemon,
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it will use it to read in it's listen port, public key and subnets.
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.Pp
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The idea is that these files are portable.
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You can safely mail your own host configuration file to someone else.
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That other person can then copy it to his own hosts directory,
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and now his tinc daemon will be able to connect to your tinc daemon.
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Since host configuration files only contain public keys,
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no secrets are revealed by sending out this information.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Va Address Li = Ar address Bq recommended
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The IP address or hostname of this tinc daemon on the real network.
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This will only be used when trying to make an outgoing connection to this tinc daemon.
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Multiple
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.Va Address
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variables can be specified, in which case each address will be tried until a working
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connection has been established.
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.It Va Cipher Li = Ar cipher Pq blowfish
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The symmetric cipher algorithm used to encrypt UDP packets.
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Any cipher supported by OpenSSL is recognised.
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Furthermore, specifying
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.Qq none
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will turn off packet encryption.
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It is best to use only those ciphers which support CBC mode.
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.It Va Compression Li = Ar level Pq 0
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This option sets the level of compression used for UDP packets.
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Possible values are 0 (off), 1 (fast zlib) and any integer up to 9 (best zlib),
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10 (fast lzo) and 11 (best lzo).
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.It Va Digest Li = Ar digest Pq sha1
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The digest algorithm used to authenticate UDP packets.
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Any digest supported by OpenSSL is recognised.
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Furthermore, specifying
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.Qq none
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will turn off packet authentication.
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.It Va IndirectData Li = yes | no Pq no
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This option specifies whether other tinc daemons besides the one you specified with
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.Va ConnectTo
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can make a direct connection to you.
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This is especially useful if you are behind a firewall
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and it is impossible to make a connection from the outside to your tinc daemon.
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Otherwise, it is best to leave this option out or set it to no.
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.It Va MACLength Li = Ar length Pq 4
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The length of the message authentication code used to authenticate UDP packets.
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Can be anything from
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.Qq 0
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up to the length of the digest produced by the digest algorithm.
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.It Va PMTU Li = Ar mtu Po 1514 Pc Bq experimental
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This option controls the initial path MTU to this node.
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.It Va PMTUDiscovery Li = yes | no Po no Pc Bq experimental
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When this option is enabled, tinc will try to discover the path MTU to this node.
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After the path MTU has been discovered, it will be enforced on the VPN.
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.It Va Port Li = Ar port Pq 655
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The port number on which this tinc daemon is listening for incoming connections.
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.It Va PublicKey Li = Ar key Bq obsolete
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The public RSA key of this tinc daemon.
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It will be used to cryptographically verify it's identity and to set up a secure connection.
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.It Va PublicKeyFile Li = Ar filename Bq obsolete
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The file in which the public RSA key of this tinc daemon resides.
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.Pp
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From version 1.0pre4 on
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.Nm tinc
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will store the public key directly into the host configuration file in PEM format,
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the above two options then are not necessary.
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Either the PEM format is used, or exactly one of the above two options must be specified
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in each host configuration file,
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if you want to be able to establish a connection with that host.
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.It Va Subnet Li = Ar address Ns Op Li / Ns Ar prefixlength
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The subnet which this tinc daemon will serve.
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.Nm tinc
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tries to look up which other daemon it should send a packet to by searching the appropriate subnet.
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If the packet matches a subnet,
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it will be sent to the daemon who has this subnet in his host configuration file.
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Multiple
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.Va Subnet
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variables can be specified.
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.Pp
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Subnets can either be single MAC, IPv4 or IPv6 addresses,
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in which case a subnet consisting of only that single address is assumed,
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or they can be a IPv4 or IPv6 network address with a prefixlength.
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Shorthand notations are not supported.
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For example, IPv4 subnets must be in a form like 192.168.1.0/24,
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where 192.168.1.0 is the network address and 24 is the number of bits set in the netmask.
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Note that subnets like 192.168.1.1/24 are invalid!
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Read a networking HOWTO/FAQ/guide if you don't understand this.
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IPv6 subnets are notated like fec0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0/64.
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MAC addresses are notated like 0:1a:2b:3c:4d:5e.
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.It Va TCPOnly Li = yes | no Pq no
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If this variable is set to yes,
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then the packets are tunnelled over the TCP connection instead of a UDP connection.
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This is especially useful for those who want to run a tinc daemon
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from behind a masquerading firewall,
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or if UDP packet routing is disabled somehow.
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Setting this options also implicitly sets IndirectData.
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.El
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.Sh SCRIPTS
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Apart from reading the server and host configuration files,
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tinc can also run scripts at certain moments.
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Under Windows (not Cygwin), the scripts should have the extension
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.Pa .bat .
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc-up
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This is the most important script.
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If it is present it will be executed right after the tinc daemon has been started and has connected to the virtual network device.
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It should be used to set up the corresponding network interface,
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but can also be used to start other things.
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Under Windows you can use the Network Connections control panel instead of creating this script.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc-down
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This script is started right before the tinc daemon quits.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /hosts/ Ns Ar HOST Ns Pa -up
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This script is started when the tinc daemon with name
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.Ar HOST
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becomes reachable.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /hosts/ Ns Ar HOST Ns Pa -down
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This script is started when the tinc daemon with name
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.Ar HOST
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becomes unreachable.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /host-up
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This script is started when any host becomes reachable.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /host-down
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This script is started when any host becomes unreachable.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /subnet-up
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This script is started when a Subnet becomes reachable.
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The Subnet and the node it belongs to are passed in environment variables.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /subnet-down
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This script is started when a Subnet becomes unreachable.
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.El
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.Pp
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The scripts are started without command line arguments, but can make use of certain environment variables.
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Under UNIX like operating systems the names of environment variables must be preceded by a
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.Li $
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in scripts.
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Under Windows, in
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.Pa .bat
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files, they have to be put between
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.Li %
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signs.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ev NETNAME
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If a netname was specified, this environment variable contains it.
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.It Ev NAME
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Contains the name of this tinc daemon.
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.It Ev DEVICE
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Contains the name of the virtual network device that tinc uses.
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.It Ev INTERFACE
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Contains the name of the virtual network interface that tinc uses.
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This should be used for commands like
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.Pa ifconfig .
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.It Ev NODE
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When a host becomes (un)reachable, this is set to its name.
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If a subnet becomes (un)reachable, this is set to the owner of that subnet.
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.It Ev REMOTEADDRESS
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When a host becomes (un)reachable, this is set to its real address.
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.It Ev REMOTEPORT
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When a host becomes (un)reachable, this is set to the port number it uses for communication with other tinc daemons.
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.It Ev SUBNET
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When a subnet becomes (un)reachable, this is set to the subnet.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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The most important files are:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/
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The top directory for configuration files.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc.conf
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The default name of the server configuration file for net
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.Ar NETNAME .
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /hosts/
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Host configuration files are kept in this directory.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc-up
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If an executable file with this name exists,
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it will be executed right after the tinc daemon has connected to the virtual network device.
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It can be used to set up the corresponding network interface.
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.It Pa @sysconfdir@/tinc/ Ns Ar NETNAME Ns Pa /tinc-down
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If an executable file with this name exists,
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it will be executed right before the tinc daemon is going to close
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its connection to the virtual network device.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr tincd 8 ,
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.Pa http://www.tinc-vpn.org/ ,
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.Pa http://www.linuxdoc.org/LDP/nag2/ .
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.Pp
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The full documentation for
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.Nm tinc
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is maintained as a Texinfo manual.
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If the info and tinc programs are properly installed at your site, the command
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.Ic info tinc
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should give you access to the complete manual.
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.Pp
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.Nm tinc
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comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
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This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions;
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see the file COPYING for details.
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