227 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
227 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
interfaces(5)
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# NAME
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*/etc/network/interfaces* - interface configuration database
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# DESCRIPTION
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The */etc/network/interfaces* file is used to specify how network
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interfaces are configured. The file is processed by *ifquery*(8),
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*ifup*(8) and *ifdown*(8) to introspect and change system state.
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In most cases, syntax from legacy implementations is supported as
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well, but that syntax is not discussed here.
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# FILE SYNTAX
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The interface configuration database is composed of a series of
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stanzas. Hash symbols designate comments, which are ignored by
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the system.
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A stanza is a collection of triples, where a triple is a key and
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value combination that is related to an *object*. Triples which
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are not associated with an *object* are considered to be part
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of the root of the configuration tree.
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The following is a simple example of a stanza:
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```
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auto eth0
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iface eth0
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address 203.0.113.2/24
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gateway 203.0.113.1
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```
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This stanza defines an interface named *eth0* which is configured
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with an address of *203.0.113.2* and gateway of *203.0.113.1*.
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# SUPPORTED KEYWORDS FOR UNASSOCIATED TRIPLES
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*auto* _object_
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Designates that _object_ should be automatically configured
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by the system when appropriate.
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*iface* _object_
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Begins a new declaration for _object_. Any child keyword
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associated with the declaration will be stored inside
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_object_.
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*template* _object_
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Begins a new declaration for _object_, like *iface*, except
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that _object_ is defined as a *template*.
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# SUPPORTED KEYWORDS FOR OBJECT TRIPLES
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Any keyword may be used inside an interface declaration block, but
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the system will only respond to certain keywords by default:
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*address* _address_
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Associates an IPv4 or IPv6 address in CIDR notation with
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the parent interface.
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*gateway* _address_
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Associates an IPv4 or IPv6 address with the parent interface
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for use as a default route (gateway).
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*netmask* _netmask_
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Associates a fallback netmask with the parent interface for
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addresses which do not have a CIDR length set. This option
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is for backwards compatibility and should not be used in new
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deployments.
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*link-type* _link-type_
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Denotes the link-type of the interface. When set to _dummy_,
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the interface is created as a virtual dummy interfaces.
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*alias* _alias_
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Sets the given alias on the interface.
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*requires* _interfaces_...
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Designates one or more required interfaces that must be
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brought up before configuration of the parent interface.
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Interfaces associated with the parent are taken down at
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the same time as the parent.
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*inherit* _object_
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Designates that the configured interface should inherit
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configuration data from _object_. Normally _object_
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must be a *template*.
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*use* _option_
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Designates that an option should be used. See _OPTIONS_
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section for more information on options.
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*pre-down* _command_
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Runs _command_ before taking the interface down.
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*down* _command_
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Runs _command_ when the interface is taken down.
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*post-down* _command_
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Runs _command_ after taking the interface down.
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*pre-up* _command_
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Runs _command_ before bringing the interface up.
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*up* _command_
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Runs _command_ when the interface is brought up.
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*post-up* _command_
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Runs _command_ after bringing the interface up.
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Additional packages such as *bonding*, *bridge*, *tunnel*, *vrf* and
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*vxlan* add additional keywords to this vocabulary.
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# VXLAN INTERFACE CONFIGURATION
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A VXLAN Virtual Tunnel Endpoint (VTEP) interface must an ID set. All
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other options are optional.
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*vxlan-id* _VNI ID_
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Denotes the VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) ID for this interface.
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This parameter is required for a VXLAN interface.
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*vxlan-physdev* _interface_
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Specifies the physical device to use for tunnel endpoint
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communication.
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*vxlan-local-ip* _address_
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Specifies the source IP address to use in outgoing packets.
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For compatiblity with ifupdown2 _vxlan-local-tunnelip_ is an
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alias for this parameter.
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*vxlan-remote-ip* _address_
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Specifies the unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing
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packets when the destination link layer address is not known in
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the VXLAN device forwarding database. This parameter cannot be
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specified with the _vxlan-remote-group_ parameter.
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For compatiblity with ifupdown2 _vxlan-remoteip_ is an alias for
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this parameter.
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*vxlan-remote-group* _multicast group_
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Specifies the multicast IP address to join. This parameter cannot
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be specified with the _vxlan-remote-ip_ parameter.
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For compatibility with ifupdown2 _vxlan-svcnodeip_ is an alias for
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this parameter.
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*vxlan-learning* _on/off_
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Specifies if unknown source link layer addresses and IP addresses
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are entered into the VXLAN device forwarding database.
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*vxlan-ageing* _seconds_
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Specifies the lifetime in seconds of FDB entries learnt by the kernel.
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*vxlan-dstport* _port_
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Specifies the UDP destination port to communicate to the remote VXLAN
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tunnel endpoint. The default is 4789.
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# OPTIONS
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The *use* keyword designates that an _option_ should be used.
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This system is extendable by additional packages, but the
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most common options are:
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*bond*
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The interface is a bonded interface. Configuration
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of bonded interfaces requires the *bonding* package
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to be installed.
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*bridge*
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The interface is an ethernet bridge. Configuration
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of ethernet bridges requires the *bridge* package
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to be installed.
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*dhcp*
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Use a DHCP client to learn the IPv4 address of an
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interface.
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*loopback*
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Designates the interface as a loopback device.
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*tunnel*
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The interface is a tunnel. Configuration of tunnels
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requires the *tunnel* package to be installed.
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*vrf*
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The interface is a VRF. Configuration of VRFs requires
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the *vrf* package to be installed.
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*vxlan*
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The interface is a Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) tunnel
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endpoint.
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# EXAMPLES
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Configure a bridge interface *br0* with *bond0* attached to it,
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which is a failover between *eth0* and *eth1*. This requires
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the *bonding* and *bridge* packages to be installed:
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```
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auto br0
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iface br0
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use bridge
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requires bond0
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address 203.0.113.2/24
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gateway 203.0.113.1
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iface bond0
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use bond
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requires eth0 eth1
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bond-mode 802.3ad
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bond-xmit-hash-policy layer2+3
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```
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Configure a network interface to use DHCP to learn its IPv4
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address:
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```
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auto eth0
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iface eth0
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use dhcp
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```
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# AUTHORS
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Ariadne Conill <ariadne@dereferenced.org>
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Maximilian Wilhelm <max@sdn.clinic>
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