test: each app keeps its tests in a tests package

131 test modules sat next to the code they test; instances alone had
51 of them beside views.py and utils.py. They move into a
tests/ package per app, and the JavaScript checks into
webvirtcloud/tests/js. Each non-empty tests.py becomes tests/test_views.py;
the empty generated stubs are removed.

Imports of the app's own modules become absolute, paths built from
__file__ go one level up, the live helper is instances.tests.livetest,
and coverage omits */tests/*. The suite discovers the same 960 tests as
before.

vrtManager/tests/test_clone_nvram.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+"""A clone of a UEFI VM gets its own copy of the VM's NVRAM, with the
+original's format, owner and mode, wherever the definition names the file."""
+
+import contextlib
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+from django.conf import settings
+
+if not settings.configured:
+    settings.configure(MAC_OUI="52:54:10")
+
+from lxml import etree
+
+from vrtManager import util
+from vrtManager.instance import wvmInstance
+
+ORIGINAL = """<volume><name>vm_VARS.qcow2</name><key>k</key><capacity>540672</capacity>
+<target><path>/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/vm_VARS.qcow2</path><format type='qcow2'/>
+<permissions><mode>0600</mode><owner>107</owner><group>107</group></permissions></target></volume>"""
+
+
+def domain(nvram):
+    return f"""<domain><name>vm</name><uuid>u</uuid><os><type>hvm</type>
+<loader readonly='yes' type='pflash'>/usr/share/edk2/ovmf/OVMF_CODE.fd</loader>{nvram}</os><devices/></domain>"""
+
+
+def proxy(nvram):
+    p = wvmInstance.__new__(wvmInstance)  # no connection: only these calls
+    p.get_status = lambda: 5
+    p.get_instances = lambda: []
+    p._XMLDesc = lambda flags: domain(nvram)
+    p._defineXML = MagicMock()
+    p.pool = MagicMock()
+    p.pool.storageVolLookupByName.return_value.XMLDesc.return_value = ORIGINAL
+    p.pool.createXMLFrom.return_value.path.return_value = "/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/copy_VARS.qcow2"
+    p._nvram_pool = lambda: contextlib.nullcontext(p.pool)
+    return p
+
+
+class CloneNvramTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_the_copy_keeps_the_format_owner_and_mode(self):
+        p = proxy("<nvram format='qcow2'>/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/vm_VARS.qcow2</nvram>")
+        p.clone_instance({"name": "copy"})
+        xml, original, _ = p.pool.createXMLFrom.call_args.args
+        volume = etree.fromstring(xml)
+        self.assertEqual(volume.findtext("name"), "copy_VARS.qcow2")
+        self.assertEqual(volume.find("target/format").get("type"), "qcow2")
+        self.assertEqual(volume.findtext("target/permissions/owner"), "107")
+        self.assertIsNone(volume.find("target/path"))
+        self.assertIs(original, p.pool.storageVolLookupByName.return_value)
+        (defined,), _ = p._defineXML.call_args
+        self.assertEqual(etree.fromstring(defined).findtext("os/nvram"), "/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/copy_VARS.qcow2")
+
+    def test_an_nvram_source_element_points_at_the_copy(self):
+        p = proxy("<nvram type='file'>\n  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/vm_VARS.qcow2'/>\n</nvram>")
+        p.clone_instance({"name": "copy"})
+        p.pool.storageVolLookupByName.assert_called_once_with("vm_VARS.qcow2")
+        (defined,), _ = p._defineXML.call_args
+        self.assertEqual(
+            etree.fromstring(defined).find("os/nvram/source").get("file"), "/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/copy_VARS.qcow2"
+        )
+
+    def test_an_nvram_that_is_not_a_file_is_refused_before_any_copy(self):
+        p = proxy("<nvram type='network'><source protocol='iscsi' name='x'/></nvram>")
+        with self.assertRaises(util.OperationError):
+            p.clone_instance({"name": "copy"})
+        p.pool.createXMLFrom.assert_not_called()