\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @c %**start of header @setfilename tinc.info @settitle tinc Manual @setchapternewpage odd @c %**end of header @ifinfo @direntry * tinc: (tinc). The tinc Manual. @end direntry This is the info manual for tinc, a Virtual Private Network daemon. Copyright 1998 Ivo Timmermans Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. @end ifinfo @titlepage @title tinc Manual @subtitle Setting up a Virtual Private Network with tinc @author Ivo Timmermans @page @vskip 0pt plus 1filll Copyright @copyright{} 1998 Ivo Timmermans Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. @end titlepage @c ================================================================== @node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) @menu * Introduction:: Introduction * Configuring a Linux system:: Before compiling tinc * Installing tinc:: * Configuring tinc:: * Running tinc:: * Technical information:: * About us:: * Concept Index:: All used terms explained @end menu @c ================================================================== @node Introduction, Configuring a Linux system, Top, Top @chapter Introduction @c straight from the www page tinc is a Virtual Private Network (VPN) daemon that uses tunneling and encryption to create a secure private network between hosts on the Internet. Because the tunnel appears to the IP level network code as a normal network device, there is no need to adapt any existing software. This tunneling allows VPN sites to share information with each other over the Internet without exposing any information to others. This document is the manual for tinc. Included are chapters on how to configure your computer to use tinc, as well as the configuration process of tinc itself. @menu * VPNs:: Virtual Private Networks in general * tinc:: about tinc @end menu @c ================================================================== @node VPNs, tinc, Introduction, Introduction @section Virtual Private Networks A Virtual Private Network or VPN is a network that can only be accessed by a few elected computers that participate. This goal is achievable in more than just one way. @cindex private For instance, a VPN can consist of a single stand-alone ethernet LAN. Or even two computers hooked up using a null-modem cable@footnote{Though discuss-able, I think it qualifies as a VPN.}. In these cases, it is obvious that the network is @emph{private}. But there is another type of VPN, the type tinc was made for. @cindex virtual tinc uses normal IP datagrams to encapsulate data that goes over the VPN network link. In this case it's also clear that the network is @emph{virtual}, because no direct network link has to exist between to participants. As is the case with either type of VPN, anybody could eavesdrop. Or worse, alter data. Hence it's probably advisable to encrypt the data that flows over the network. @c ================================================================== @node tinc, , VPNs, Introduction @section tinc I really don't quite remember what got us started, but it must have been Guus' idea. He wrote a simple implementation (about 50 lines of C) that used the @emph{ethertap} device that Linux knows of since somewhere about kernel 2.1.60. It didn't work immediately and he improved it a bit. At this stage, the project was still simply called @samp{vpnd}. Since then, a lot has changed---to say the least. @cindex tincd tinc now supports encryption, it consists of a single daemon (tincd) for both the receiving and sending end, it has become largely runtime-configurable---in short, it has become a full-fledged professional package. A lot can---and will be---changed. I have a few things that I'd like to see in the future releases of tinc. Not everything will be available in the near future. Our first objective is to make tinc work perfectly as it stands, and then add more advanced features. Meanwhile, we're always open-minded towards new ideas. And we're available too. @c ================================================================== @node Configuring a Linux system, Installing tinc, Introduction, Top @chapter Configuring a Linux system This chapter contains information on how a Linux system is configured for the use of tinc. @menu * Configuring the kernel:: * Files Needed:: * Setting up the devices:: @end menu @c ================================================================== @node Configuring the kernel, Files Needed, Configuring a Linux system, Configuring a Linux system @section Configuring the kernel Since this particular implementation only runs on 2.1 or higher Linux kernels, you should grab one (2.2 is current at this time). A 2.0 port is not really possible, unless someone tells me someone ported the ethertap and netlink devices back to 2.0. If you are unfamiliar with the process of configuring and compiling a new kernel, you should read the @uref{http://howto.linuxberg.com/LDP/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html, Kernel HOWTO} first. Do that now! Here are the options you have to turn on/off when configuring a new kernel. @example Code maturity level options [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers Networking options [*] Kernel/User netlink socket <*> Netlink device emulation Network device support <*> Ethertap network tap @end example Any other options not mentioned here are not relevant to tinc. If you decide to build any of these as dynamic kernel modules, it's a good idea to add these lines to @file{/etc/modules.conf}. @example alias tap0 ethertap alias char-major-36 netlink_dev @end example Finally, after having set up other options, build the kernel and boot it. Unfortunately it's not possible to insert these modules in a running kernel. @c ================================================================== @node Files Needed, Setting up the devices, Configuring the kernel, Configuring a Linux system @section Files Needed @subsubheading Device files First, you'll need the special device file(s) that form the interface between the kernel and the daemon. @example mknod -m 600 /dev/tap0 c 36 16 chown 0.0 /dev/tap0 @end example The permissions now will be such that only the super user may read/write to this file. You'd want this, because otherwise eavesdropping would become a bit too easy. This does, however, imply that you'd have to run tincd as root. If you want to, you may also create more device files, which would be numbered 0...15, with minor device numbers 16...31. They all should be owned by root and have permission 600. @subsubheading @file{/etc/networks} You may add a line to @file{/etc/networks} so that your VPN will get a symbolic name. For example: @example myvpn 10.0.0.0 @end example @subsubheading @file{/etc/services} You may add this line to @file{/etc/services}. The effect is that you may supply a @samp{tinc} as a valid port number to some programs. The number 655 is registered with the IANA. @example tinc 655/tcp TINC tinc 655/udp TINC # Ivo Timmermans @end example @c ================================================================== @node Setting up the devices, , Files Needed, Configuring a Linux system @section Setting up the devices Before you can start transmitting data over the tinc tunnel, you must set up the ethertap network devices. First, decide which IP addresses you want to have associated with these devices, and what network mask they must have. You also need these numbers when you are going to configure tinc itself. @xref{Configuring tinc}. It doesn't matter much which part you do first, setting up the network devices or configure tinc. But they both have to be done before you try to start a tincd. The actual setup of the ethertap device is quite simple, just repeat after me: @example ifconfig tap@emph{n} hw ether fe:fd:@emph{xx}:@emph{xx}:@emph{xx}:@emph{xx} @end example The @emph{n} here is the number of the ethertap device you want to use. It should be the same @emph{n} as the one you use for @file{/dev/tap@emph{n}}. The @emph{xx}s are four hexadecimal numbers (0--ff). With previous versions of tincd, it didn't matter what they were. But newer kernels require properly set up ethernet addresses. In fact, the old behavior was wrong. It is required that the @emph{xx}s match MyOwnVPNIP. @example ifconfig tap@emph{n} @emph{IP} netmask @emph{mask} @end example This will activate the device with an IP address @emph{IP} with network mask @emph{mask}. @c ================================================================== @node Installing tinc, Configuring tinc, Configuring a Linux system, Top @chapter Installing tinc First download it. This is the @uref{http://tinc.nl.linux.org/download.html, download page}, which has the checksums of these files listed; you may wish to check these with md5sum before continuing. tinc comes in a handy autoconf/automake package, which you can just treat the same as any other package. Which is just untar it, type `configure' and then `make'. More detailed instructions are in the file @file{INSTALL}, which is included in the source distribution. @c ================================================================== @node Configuring tinc, Running tinc, Installing tinc, Top @chapter Configuring tinc @menu * Multiple networks:: * How connections work:: * Configuration file:: * Example:: @end menu @c ================================================================== @node Multiple networks, How connections work, Configuring tinc, Configuring tinc @section Multiple networks @c from the manpage It is perfectly OK for you to run more than one tinc daemon. However, in its default form, you will soon notice that you can't use two different configuration files without the -c option. We have thought of another way of dealing with this: network names. This means that you call tincd with the -n argument, which will assign a name to this daemon. The effect of this is that the daemon will set its configuration ``root'' to /etc/tinc/nn/, where nn is your argument to the -n option. You'll notice that it appears in syslog as ``tincd.nn''. However, it is not strictly necessary that you call tinc with the -n option. In this case, the network name would just be empty, and it will be used as such. tinc now looks for files in /etc/tinc/, instead of /etc/tinc/nn/; the configuration file should be /etc/tinc/tincd.conf, and the passphrases are now expected to be in /etc/tinc/passphrases/. But it is highly recommended that you use this feature of tinc, because it will be so much clearer whom your daemon talks to. Hence, we will assume that you use it. @c ================================================================== @node How connections work, Configuration file, Multiple networks, Configuring tinc @section How connections work Before going on, first a bit on how tinc sees connections. When tinc starts up, it reads in the configuration file and parses the command-line options. If it sees a `ConnectTo' value in the file, it will try to connect to it, on the given port. If this fails, tinc exits. @c ================================================================== @node Configuration file, Example, How connections work, Configuring tinc @section Configuration file The actual configuration of the daemon is done in the file @file{/etc/tinc/nn/tincd.conf}. This file consists of comments (lines started with a #) or assignments in the form of @example Variable = Value. @end example The variable names are case insensitive, and any spaces, tabs, newlines and carriage returns are ignored. Note: it is not required that you put in the `=' sign, but doing so improves readability. If you leave it out, remember to replace it with at least one space character. @menu * Variables:: @end menu @c ================================================================== @node Variables, , Configuration file, Configuration file @subsection Variables Here are all valid variables, listed in alphabetical order: @c straight from the manpage @table @asis @item AllowConnect = (yes|no) If set to yes, anyone may try to connect to you. If you set this to no, no incoming connections will be accepted. This does not affect the outgoing connections. @item ConnectPort = port Connect to the upstream host (given with the ConnectTo directive) on port port. port may be given in decimal (default), octal (when preceded by a single zero) or hexadecimal (prefixed with 0x). port is the port number for both the UDP and the TCP (meta) connections. @item ConnectTo = (IP address|hostname) Specifies which host to connect to on startup. If the ConnectPort variable is omitted, then tinc will try to connect to port 655. If you don't specify a host with ConnectTo, regardless of whether a value for ConnectPort is given, tinc won't connect at all, and will instead just listen for incoming connections. Only the initiator of a tinc VPN should need this. @item ListenPort = port Listen on local port port. The computer connecting to this daemon should use this number as the argument for his ConnectPort. Again, the default is 655. @item MyOwnVPNIP = local address[/maskbits] The local address is the number that the daemon will propagate to other daemons on the network when it is identifying itself. Hence this will be the file name of the passphrase file that the other end expects to find the passphrase in. The local address is the IP address of the tap device, not the real IP address of the host running tincd. Due to changes in recent kernels, it is also necessary that you make the ethernet (also known as MAC) address equal to the IP address (see the example). maskbits is the number of bits set to 1 in the netmask part. @item MyVirtualIP = local address[/maskbits] This is an alias for MyOwnVPNIP. @item Passphrases = directory The directory where tinc will look for passphrases when someone tries to connect. Please see the manpage for genauth(8) for more information about passphrases as used by tinc. @item PingTimeout = number The number of seconds of inactivity that tinc will wait before sending a probe to the other end. If that other end doesn't answer within that same amount of seconds, the connection is terminated, and the others will be notified of this. @item TapDevice = device The ethertap device to use. Note that you can only use one device per daemon. The info pages of the tinc package contain more information about configuring an ethertap device for Linux. @end table @c ================================================================== @node Example, , Configuration file, Configuring tinc @section Example Imagine the following situation. An A-based company wants to connect three branch offices in B, C and D using the internet. All four offices have a 24/7 connection to the internet. A is going to serve as the center of the network. B and C will connect to A, and D will connect to C. Each office will be assigned their own IP network, 10.x.0.0. @example A: net 10.1.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 gateway 10.1.54.1 internet IP 1.2.3.4 B: net 10.2.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 gateway 10.2.1.12 internet IP 2.3.4.5 C: net 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 gateway 10.3.69.254 internet IP 3.4.5.6 D: net 10.4.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 gateway 10.4.3.32 internet IP 4.5.6.7 @end example ``gateway'' is the VPN IP address of the machine that is running the tincd. ``internet IP'' is the IP address of the firewall, which does not need to run tincd, but it must do a port forwarding of TCP&UDP on port 655 (unless otherwise configured). In this example, it is assumed that eth0 is the interface that points to the inner LAN of the office. This could be the same as the interface that leads to the internet. @subsubheading For A @emph{A} would be configured like this: @example ifconfig tap0 hw ether fe:fd:0a:01:36:01 ifconfig tap0 10.1.54.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 ifconfig eth0 10.1.54.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.1.255.255 @end example and in /etc/tinc/tincd.conf: @example TapDevice = /dev/tap0 MyVirtualIP = 10.1.54.1/16 @end example @subsubheading For B @example ifconfig tap0 hw ether fe:fd:0a:02:01:0c ifconfig tap0 10.2.1.12 netmask 255.0.0.0 ifconfig eth0 10.2.43.8 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.2.255.255 @end example and in /etc/tinc/tincd.conf: @example TapDevice = /dev/tap0 MyVirtualIP = 10.2.1.12/16 ConnectTo = 1.2.3.4 AllowConnect = no @end example Note here that the internal address (on eth0) doesn't have to be the same as on the tap0 device. Also, ConnectTo is given so that no-one can connect to this node. @subsubheading For C @example ifconfig tap0 hw ether fe:fd:0a:03:45:fe ifconfig tap0 10.3.69.254 netmask 255.0.0.0 ifconfig eth0 10.3.69.254 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.3.255.255 @end example and in /etc/tinc/A/tincd.conf: @example MyVirtualIP = 10.3.69.254/16 ConnectTo = 1.2.3.4 ListenPort = 2000 @end example C already has another daemon that runs on port 655, so they have to reserve another port for tinc. They also use the netname to distinguish between the two. tinc is started with `tincd -n A'. @subsubheading For D @example ifconfig tap0 hw ether fe:fd:0a:04:03:20 ifconfig tap0 10.4.3.32 netmask 255.0.0.0 ifconfig tap0 10.4.3.32 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.4.255.255 @end example and in /etc/tinc/tincd.conf: @example MyVirtualIP = 10.4.3.32/16 ConnectTo = 3.4.5.6 ConnectPort = 2000 AllowConnect = no @end example D will be connecting to C, which has a tincd running for this network on port 2000. Hence they need to put in a ConnectPort. @subsubheading Authentication A, B, C and D all generate a passphrase with genauth 2048, the output is stored in /etc/tinc/passphrases/local, except for C, where it should be /etc/tinc/A/passphrases/local. A stores a copy of B's passphrase in /etc/tinc/passphrases/10.2.0.0 A stores a copy of C's passphrase in /etc/tinc/passphrases/10.3.0.0 B stores a copy of A's passphrase in /etc/tinc/passphrases/10.1.0.0 C stores a copy of A's passphrase in /etc/tinc/A/passphrases/10.1.0.0 C stores a copy of D's passphrase in /etc/tinc/A/passphrases/10.4.0.0 D stores a copy of C's passphrase in /etc/tinc/passphrases/10.3.0.0 @subsubheading Starting A has to start their tincd first. Then come B and C, where C has to provide the option `-n A', because they have more than one tinc network. Finally, D's tincd is started. @c ================================================================== @node Running tinc, Technical information, Configuring tinc, Top @chapter Running tinc Running tinc isn't just as easy as typing `tincd' and hoping everything will just work out the way you wanted. Instead, the use of tinc is a project that involves trust relations and more than one computer. @menu * Managing keys:: * Runtime options:: @end menu @c ================================================================== @node Managing keys, Runtime options, Running tinc, Running tinc @section Managing keys Before attempting to start tinc, you have to create passphrases. When tinc tries to make a connection, it exchanges some sensitive data. Before doing so, it likes to know if the other end is trustworthy. To do this, both ends must have some knowledge about the other. In the case of tinc this is the authentication passphrase. This passphrase is a number, which is chosen at random. This number is then sent to the other computers which want to talk to us directly. To avoid breaking security, this should be done over a known secure channel (such as ssh or similar). All passphrases are stored in the passphrases directory, which is normally /etc/tinc/nn/passphrases/, but it may be changed using the `Passphrases' option in the config file. To generate a passphrase, run `genauth'. genauth takes one argument, which is the length of the passphrase in bits. The length of the passphrase should be in the range 1024--2048 for a key length of 128 bits. genauth creates a random number of the specified length, and puts it to stdout. Every computer that wants to participate in the VPN should do this, and store the output in the passphrases directory, in the file @file{local}. When every computer has his own local key, it should copy it to the computer that it wants to talk to directly. (i.e. the one it connects to during startup.) This should be done via a secure channel, because it is sensitive information. If this is not done securely, someone might break in on you later on. Those non-local passphrase files must have the name of the VPN IP address that they will advertise to you. For instance, if a computer tells us it likes to be 10.1.1.3 with netmask 255.255.0.0, the file should still be called 10.1.1.3, and not 10.1.0.0. @c ================================================================== @node Runtime options, , Managing keys, Running tinc @section Runtime options Besides the settings in the configuration file, tinc also accepts some command line options. This list is a longer version of that in the manpage. The latter is generated automatically, so may be more up-to-date. @c from the manpage @table @asis @item -c, --config=FILE Read configuration options from FILE. The default is @file{/etc/tinc/nn/tincd.conf}. @item -d Increase debug level. The higher it gets, the more gets logged. Everything goes via syslog. 0 is the default, only some basic information connection attempts get logged. Setting it to 1 will log a bit more, still not very disturbing. With two -d's tincd will log protocol information, which can get pretty noisy. Three or more -d's will output every single packet that goes out or comes in, which probably generates more data than the packets themselves. @item -k, --kill Attempt to kill a running tincd and exit. A TERM signal (15) gets sent to the daemon that his its PID in /var/run/tincd.nn.pid. Because it kills only one tincd, you should use -n here if you use it normally. @item -n, --net=NETNAME Connect to net NETNAME. @xref{Multiple networks}. @item -t, --timeout=TIMEOUT Seconds to wait before giving a timeout. Should not be set too low, because every time tincd senses a timeout, it disconnects and reconnects again, which will cause unnecessary network traffic and log messages. @item --help Display a short reminder of these runtime options and terminate. @item --version Output version information and exit. @end table @c ================================================================== @node Technical information, About us, Running tinc, Top @chapter Technical information @c ================================================================== @menu * The Connection:: * Security:: * The Protocol:: @end menu @node The Connection, Security, Technical information, Technical information @section The basic philosophy of the way tinc works @cindex Connection tinc is a daemon that takes VPN data and transmit that to another host computer over the existing Internet infrastructure. @menu * Protocol Preview:: * The Meta-connection:: @end menu @c ================================================================== @node Protocol Preview, The Meta-connection, The Connection, The Connection @subsection A preview of the way the tinc works @cindex ethertap @cindex frame type The data itself is read from a character device file, the so-called @emph{ethertap} device. This device is associated with a network interface. Any data sent to this interface can be read from the device, and any data written to the device gets sent from the interface. Data to and from the device is formatted as if it were a normal ethernet card, so a frame is preceded by two MAC addresses and a @emph{frame type} field. So when tinc reads an ethernet frame from the device, it determines its type. Right now, tinc can only handle Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) frames. Plans to support other protocols are being made. When tinc knows which type of frame it has read, it can also read the source and destination address from it. Now it is time that the frame gets encrypted. Currently the only encryption algorithm available is blowfish. @cindex encapsulating When the encryption is ready, time has come to actually transport the packet to the destination computer. We do this by sending the packet over an UDP connection to the destination host. This is called @emph{encapsulating}, the VPN packet (though now encrypted) is encapsulated in another IP datagram. When the destination receives this packet, the same thing happens, only in reverse. So it does a decrypt on the contents of the UDP datagram, and it writes the decrypted information to its own ethertap device. @c ================================================================== @node The Meta-connection, , Protocol Preview, The Connection @subsection The meta-connection Having only a UDP connection available is not enough. Though suitable for transmitting data, we want to be able to reliably send other information, such as routing and encryption information to somebody. TCP is a better alternative, because it already contains protection against information being lost, unlike UDP. So we establish two connections. One for the encrypted VPN data, and one for other information, the meta-data. Hence, we call the second connection the meta-connection. We can now be sure that the meta-information doesn't get lost on the way to another computer. @cindex data-protocol @cindex meta-protocol Like with any communication, we must have a protocol, so that everybody knows what everything stands for, an how he should react. Because we have two connections, we also have two protocols. The protocol used for the UDP data is the ``data-protocol,'' the other one is the ``meta-protocol.'' @c ================================================================== @node Security, The Protocol, The Connection, Technical information @section About tinc's encryption and other security-related issues. @cindex tinc @cindex Cabal tinc got its name from ``TINC,'' short for @emph{There Is No Cabal}; the alleged Cabal was/is an organization that was said to keep an eye on the entire Internet. As this is exactly what you @emph{don't} want, we named the tinc project after TINC. @cindex SVPN But in order to be ``immune'' to eavesdropping, you'll have to encrypt your data. Because tinc is a @emph{Secure} VPN (SVPN) daemon, it does exactly that: encrypt. This chapter is a mixture of ideas, reasoning and explanation, please don't take it too serious. @menu * Key Management:: * Authentication:: * Protection:: @end menu @c ================================================================== @node Key Management, Authentication, Security, Security @subsection Key Management @c FIXME: recheck @cindex Diffie-Hellman You can't just send a private encryption key to your peer, because somebody else might already be listening to you. So you'll have to negotiate over a shared but secret key. One way to do this is by using the ``Diffie-Hellman key exchange'' protocol (@uref{http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/faq/html/3-6-1.html}). The idea is as follows. You have two participants A and B that want to agree over a shared secret encryption key. Both parties have some large prime number p and a generator g. These numbers may be known to the outside world, and hence may be included in the source distribution. @cindex secret key Both parties then generate a secret key. A generates a, and computes g^a mod p. This is then sent to B; while B computes g^b mod p, and transmits this to A, b being generated by B. Both a and b must be smaller than p-1. These private keys are generated upon startup, and they are not changed while the connection exists. A possible feature in the future is to dynamically change the keys, every hour for example. Both parties then calculate g^ab mod p = k. k is the new, shared, but still secret key. To obtain a key k of a sufficient length (128 bits in our vpnd), p should be 2^129-1 or more. @c ================================================================== @node Authentication, Protection, Key Management, Security @subsection Authentication @c FIXME: recheck @cindex man-in-the-middle attack Because the Diffie-Hellman protocol is in itself vulnerable to the ``man-in-the-middle attack,'' we should introduce an authentication system. We will let A transmit a passphrase that is also known to B encrypted with g^a, before A sends this to B. This way, B can check whether A is really A or just someone else. @cindex passphrase This passphrase should be 2304 bits for a symmetric encryption system. But since an asymmetric system is more secure, we could do with 2048 bits. This only holds if the passphrase is very random. These passphrases could be stored in a file that is non-readable by anyone else but root; e.g. @file{/etc/vpn/passphrases}. The only thing that needs to be taken care of is how A announces its passphrase to B. @c ================================================================== @node Protection, , Authentication, Security @subsection Protecting your data Now we have securely hidden our data. But a malicious cracker may still bother you by randomly altering the encrypted data he intercepts. @c ================================================================== @node The Protocol, , Security, Technical information @section Detailed protocol specifications @menu * Data protocol:: * Meta protocol:: @end menu @c ================================================================== @node Data protocol, Meta protocol, The Protocol, The Protocol @subsection The data protocol The data that is sent through the UDP connection is formatted as follows: @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0-1 | The length of this packet, including all leading fields 2-5 | The destination IP address 6-... | The encrypted data @end example The method that was used to encrypt the data should be made known via the meta-protocol, during early identification stages. @c ================================================================== @node Meta protocol, , Data protocol, The Protocol @subsection The Meta protocol This protocol consists of separate packets of information, that are generally formatted thusly: @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | The request ID 1-... | (Optional: arguments) @end example What follows is a listing of possible request IDs. @table @samp @item ACK Acknowledge. This generally means that the authentication has been accepted by the remote computer. Takes no arguments. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `1' @end example @item AUTH_S_INIT @itemx AUTH_C_INIT Obsolete. Use @samp{BASIC_INFO}. @item AUTH_S_SPP @itemx AUTH_C_SPP Obsolete. Use @samp{PASSPHRASE}. @item AUTH_S_SKEY @itemx AUTH_C_SKEY Obsolete. Use @samp{PUBLIC_KEY}, @samp{REQ_KEY} and @samp{ANS_KEY}. @item AUTH_S_SACK @itemx AUTH_C_RACK Obsolete. Use @samp{ACK}. @item TERMREQ A request to terminate this connection, for whatever reason. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `30' 1-4 | The VPN IP address of the host that has exited @end example @item PINGTIMEOUT Terminate connection, but the reason must be a ping timeout. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `31' 1-4 | The VPN IP address of the host that has exited @end example @item PING Send probe to the other end, if he hasn't returned a @samp{PONG} within 10 seconds, the connection is considered to be dead and will be terminated, we should try to notify the other by sending a @samp{PINGTIMEOUT} packet. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `40' @end example @item PONG See explanation for @samp{PING} @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `41' @end example @item ADD_HOST Send an @samp{ADD_HOST} packet if you want to propagate all your current connections to a new computer on a network. If we get this request, we must forward it to everyone that hasn't got it yet. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `60' 1-4 | The real IP address of the new host 5-8 | The VPN IP address of the new host 9-12 | The VPN netmask 13-14 | The port number that the new host listens on @end example @item BASIC_INFO This packet will contain all necessary basic information about ourselves, such as the port we listen on and our desired VPN IP address. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `61' 1 | The protocol version. | This chapter describes version 4. 2-3 | The port number that the new host listens on 4-7 | The VPN IP address of the new host 8-11 | The VPN netmask @end example @item PASSPHRASE Send an encrypted passphrase. Should be encrypted with our @strong{public} key, and it must reach us before a @samp{PUBLIC_KEY} request. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `62' 1-2 | The length of the encrypted passphrase 3-... | The encrypted passphrase @end example @item PUBLIC_KEY This is only used during authentication of a new connection, later on we may use @samp{REQ_KEY} and @samp{ANS_KEY}. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `63' 1-2 | The length of the key 3-... | The public key, given in base-36 @end example @item HOLD @itemx RESUME Unused. @item CALCULATE @itemx CALC_RES @itemx ALMOST_KEY Never been in use. @item REQ_KEY Request a public key from someone and return it to the sender of this request using a @samp{ANS_KEY} packet. If we get such request, we must forward it to the connection that leads to the destination. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `160' 1-4 | The source VPN IP address 5-8 | The destination VPN IP address 9-14 | `0' @end example @item ANS_KEY Answer to a @samp{REQ_KEY} request, forward it to the destination if it is not meant for us. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `161' 1-4 | The source VPN IP address 5-8 | The destination VPN IP address 9-12 | The expiration date/time in seconds 13-14 | The key length 15-... | The public key in base-36 @end example @item KEY_CHANGED The source computer wants to tell that it has regenerated its private and public keys, so anything going there must be encrypted with a new shared key. @example bytes | Contents ---------------------- 0 | `162' 1-4 | The source VPN IP address @end example @end table @c ================================================================== @node About us, Concept Index, Technical information, Top @chapter About us @menu * Contact Information:: * Authors:: @end menu @c ================================================================== @node Contact Information, Authors, About us, About us @section Contact information tinc's main page is at @url{http://tinc.nl.linux.org/}, this server is located in the Netherlands. We have an IRC channel on the Open Projects IRC network. Connect to @uref{http://openprojects.nu/services/irc.html, irc.openprojects.net}, and join channel #tinc. @c ================================================================== @node Authors, , Contact Information, About us @section Authors @table @asis @item Ivo Timmermans (zarq) (@email{itimmermans@@bigfoot.com}) Main coder/hacker and maintainer of the package. @item Guus Sliepen (guus) Originator of it all, co-author. @item Wessel Dankers (Ubiq) General obfuscater of the code. @end table Thank you's to: Dekan, Emphyrio, vDong Greetings to: braque, Fluor, giggles, macro, smoke, tribbel @c ================================================================== @node Concept Index, , About us, Top @c node-name, next, previous, up @unnumbered Concept Index @c ================================================================== @printindex cp @c ================================================================== @contents @bye