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Niels 9b07504e23 fix for #166
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/*!
@mainpage
These pages contain the API documentation of JSON for Modern C++, a C++11
header-only JSON class.
Class @ref nlohmann::basic_json is a good entry point for the documentation.
@copyright The code is licensed under the [MIT
License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT):
<br>
Copyright &copy; 2013-2015 Niels Lohmann.
<br>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
<br>
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
<br>
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
@author [Niels Lohmann](http://nlohmann.me)
@see https://github.com/nlohmann/json to download the source code
@version 1.0.0
*/
#ifndef NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP
#define NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <ciso646>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
// enable ssize_t on MinGW
#ifdef __GNUC__
#ifdef __MINGW32__
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif
#endif
// enable ssize_t for MSVC
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <basetsd.h>
using ssize_t = SSIZE_T;
#endif
/*!
@brief namespace for Niels Lohmann
@see https://github.com/nlohmann
@since version 1.0.0
*/
namespace nlohmann
{
/*!
@brief unnamed namespace with internal helper functions
@since version 1.0.0
*/
namespace
{
/*!
@brief Helper to determine whether there's a key_type for T.
@sa http://stackoverflow.com/a/7728728/266378
*/
template<typename T>
struct has_mapped_type
{
private:
template<typename C> static char test(typename C::mapped_type*);
template<typename C> static char (&test(...))[2];
public:
static constexpr bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == 1;
};
/// "equality" comparison for floating point numbers
template<typename T>
static bool approx(const T a, const T b)
{
return not (a > b or a < b);
}
}
/*!
@brief a class to store JSON values
@tparam ObjectType type for JSON objects (@c std::map by default; will be used
in @ref object_t)
@tparam ArrayType type for JSON arrays (@c std::vector by default; will be used
in @ref array_t)
@tparam StringType type for JSON strings and object keys (@c std::string by
default; will be used in @ref string_t)
@tparam BooleanType type for JSON booleans (@c `bool` by default; will be used
in @ref boolean_t)
@tparam NumberIntegerType type for JSON integer numbers (@c `int64_t` by
default; will be used in @ref number_integer_t)
@tparam NumberFloatType type for JSON floating-point numbers (@c `double` by
default; will be used in @ref number_float_t)
@tparam AllocatorType type of the allocator to use (@c `std::allocator` by
default)
@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
- Basic
- [DefaultConstructible](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/DefaultConstructible):
JSON values can be default constructed. The result will be a JSON null value.
- [MoveConstructible](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/MoveConstructible):
A JSON value can be constructed from an rvalue argument.
- [CopyConstructible](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/CopyConstructible):
A JSON value can be copy-constrcuted from an lvalue expression.
- [MoveAssignable](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/MoveAssignable):
A JSON value van be assigned from an rvalue argument.
- [CopyAssignable](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/CopyAssignable):
A JSON value can be copy-assigned from an lvalue expression.
- [Destructible](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/Destructible):
JSON values can be destructed.
- Layout
- [StandardLayoutType](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/StandardLayoutType):
JSON values have
[standard layout](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/data_members#Standard_layout):
All non-static data members are private and standard layout types, the class
has no virtual functions or (virtual) base classes.
- Library-wide
- [EqualityComparable](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/EqualityComparable):
JSON values can be compared with `==`, see @ref
operator==(const_reference,const_reference).
- [LessThanComparable](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/LessThanComparable):
JSON values can be compared with `<`, see @ref
operator<(const_reference,const_reference).
- [Swappable](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/Swappable):
Any JSON lvalue or rvalue of can be swapped with any lvalue or rvalue of
other compatible types, using unqualified function call @ref swap().
- [NullablePointer](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/NullablePointer):
JSON values can be compared against `std::nullptr_t` objects which are used
to model the `null` value.
- Container
- [Container](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/Container):
JSON values can be used like STL containers and provide iterator access.
- [ReversibleContainer](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/ReversibleContainer);
JSON values can be used like STL containers and provide reverse iterator
access.
@internal
@note ObjectType trick from http://stackoverflow.com/a/9860911
@endinternal
@see RFC 7159 <http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159>
@since version 1.0.0
@nosubgrouping
*/
template <
template<typename U, typename V, typename... Args> class ObjectType = std::map,
template<typename U, typename... Args> class ArrayType = std::vector,
class StringType = std::string,
class BooleanType = bool,
class NumberIntegerType = int64_t,
class NumberFloatType = double,
template<typename U> class AllocatorType = std::allocator
>
class basic_json
{
private:
/// workaround type for MSVC
using basic_json_t = basic_json<ObjectType,
ArrayType,
StringType,
BooleanType,
NumberIntegerType,
NumberFloatType,
AllocatorType>;
public:
/////////////////////
// container types //
/////////////////////
/// @name container types
/// @{
/// the type of elements in a basic_json container
using value_type = basic_json;
/// the type of an element reference
using reference = value_type&;
/// the type of an element const reference
using const_reference = const value_type&;
/// a type to represent differences between iterators
using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
/// a type to represent container sizes
using size_type = std::size_t;
/// the allocator type
using allocator_type = AllocatorType<basic_json>;
/// the type of an element pointer
using pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::pointer;
/// the type of an element const pointer
using const_pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::const_pointer;
// forward declaration
template<typename Base> class json_reverse_iterator;
/// an iterator for a basic_json container
class iterator;
/// a const iterator for a basic_json container
class const_iterator;
/// a reverse iterator for a basic_json container
using reverse_iterator = json_reverse_iterator<typename basic_json::iterator>;
/// a const reverse iterator for a basic_json container
using const_reverse_iterator = json_reverse_iterator<typename basic_json::const_iterator>;
/// @}
/*!
@brief returns the allocator associated with the container
*/
static allocator_type get_allocator()
{
return allocator_type();
}
///////////////////////////
// JSON value data types //
///////////////////////////
/// @name JSON value data types
/// @{
/*!
@brief a type for an object
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) describes JSON objects as follows:
> An object is an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs,
> where a name is a string and a value is a string, number, boolean, null,
> object, or array.
To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameters
described below.
@tparam ObjectType the container to store objects (e.g., `std::map` or
`std::unordered_map`)
@tparam StringType the type of the keys or names (e.g., `std::string`). The
comparison function `std::less<StringType>` is used to order elements
inside the container.
@tparam AllocatorType the allocator to use for objects (e.g.,
`std::allocator`)
#### Default type
With the default values for @a ObjectType (`std::map`), @a StringType
(`std::string`), and @a AllocatorType (`std::allocator`), the default value
for @a object_t is:
@code {.cpp}
std::map<
std::string, // key_type
basic_json, // value_type
std::less<std::string>, // key_compare
std::allocator<std::pair<const std::string, basic_json>> // allocator_type
>
@endcode
#### Behavior
The choice of @a object_t influences the behavior of the JSON class. With
the default type, objects have the following behavior:
- When all names are unique, objects will be interoperable in the sense
that all software implementations receiving that object will agree on the
name-value mappings.
- When the names within an object are not unique, later stored name/value
pairs overwrite previously stored name/value pairs, leaving the used
names unique. For instance, `{"key": 1}` and `{"key": 2, "key": 1}` will
be treated as equal and both stored as `{"key": 1}`.
- Internally, name/value pairs are stored in lexicographical order of the
names. Objects will also be serialized (see @ref dump) in this order. For
instance, `{"b": 1, "a": 2}` and `{"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be stored and
serialized as `{"a": 2, "b": 1}`.
- When comparing objects, the order of the name/value pairs is irrelevant.
This makes objects interoperable in the sense that they will not be
affected by these differences. For instance, `{"b": 1, "a": 2}` and
`{"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be treated as equal.
#### Limits
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) specifies:
> An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
In this class, the object's limit of nesting is not constraint explicitly.
However, a maximum depth of nesting may be introduced by the compiler or
runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the @ref
max_size function of a JSON object.
#### Storage
Objects are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is, for any
access to object values, a pointer of type `object_t*` must be dereferenced.
@sa @ref array_t -- type for an array value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
using object_t = ObjectType<StringType,
basic_json,
std::less<StringType>,
AllocatorType<std::pair<const StringType,
basic_json>>>;
/*!
@brief a type for an array
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) describes JSON arrays as follows:
> An array is an ordered sequence of zero or more values.
To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameters
explained below.
@tparam ArrayType container type to store arrays (e.g., `std::vector` or
`std::list`)
@tparam AllocatorType allocator to use for arrays (e.g., `std::allocator`)
#### Default type
With the default values for @a ArrayType (`std::vector`) and @a
AllocatorType (`std::allocator`), the default value for @a array_t is:
@code {.cpp}
std::vector<
basic_json, // value_type
std::allocator<basic_json> // allocator_type
>
@endcode
#### Limits
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) specifies:
> An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
In this class, the array's limit of nesting is not constraint explicitly.
However, a maximum depth of nesting may be introduced by the compiler or
runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the @ref
max_size function of a JSON array.
#### Storage
Arrays are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is, for any
access to array values, a pointer of type `array_t*` must be dereferenced.
@sa @ref object_t -- type for an object value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
using array_t = ArrayType<basic_json, AllocatorType<basic_json>>;
/*!
@brief a type for a string
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) describes JSON strings as follows:
> A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters.
To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter
described below. Unicode values are split by the JSON class into byte-sized
characters during deserialization.
@tparam StringType the container to store strings (e.g., `std::string`).
Note this container is used for keys/names in objects, see @ref object_t.
#### Default type
With the default values for @a StringType (`std::string`), the default
value for @a string_t is:
@code {.cpp}
std::string
@endcode
#### String comparison
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) states:
> Software implementations are typically required to test names of object
> members for equality. Implementations that transform the textual
> representation into sequences of Unicode code units and then perform the
> comparison numerically, code unit by code unit, are interoperable in the
> sense that implementations will agree in all cases on equality or
> inequality of two strings. For example, implementations that compare
> strings with escaped characters unconverted may incorrectly find that
> `"a\\b"` and `"a\u005Cb"` are not equal.
This implementation is interoperable as it does compare strings code unit
by code unit.
#### Storage
String values are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is,
for any access to string values, a pointer of type `string_t*` must be
dereferenced.
@since version 1.0.0
*/
using string_t = StringType;
/*!
@brief a type for a boolean
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) implicitly describes a boolean as a
type which differentiates the two literals `true` and `false`.
To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter @a
BooleanType which chooses the type to use.
#### Default type
With the default values for @a BooleanType (`bool`), the default value for
@a boolean_t is:
@code {.cpp}
bool
@endcode
#### Storage
Boolean values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json type.
@since version 1.0.0
*/
using boolean_t = BooleanType;
/*!
@brief a type for a number (integer)
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) describes numbers as follows:
> The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most programming
> languages. A number is represented in base 10 using decimal digits. It
> contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an optional minus
> sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or an exponent part.
> Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that cannot be
> represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN) are not
> permitted.
This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers. However,
C++ allows more precise storage if it is known whether the number is an
integer or a floating-point number. Therefore, two different types, @ref
number_integer_t and @ref number_float_t are used.
To store integer numbers in C++, a type is defined by the template
parameter @a NumberIntegerType which chooses the type to use.
#### Default type
With the default values for @a NumberIntegerType (`int64_t`), the default
value for @a number_integer_t is:
@code {.cpp}
int64_t
@endcode
#### Default behavior
- The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead,
leading zeros in integer literals lead to an interpretation as octal
number. Internally, the value will be stored as decimal number. For
instance, the C++ integer literal `010` will be serialized to `8`. During
deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
- Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
#### Limits
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) specifies:
> An implementation may set limits on the range and precision of numbers.
When the default type is used, the maximal integer number that can be
stored is `9223372036854775807` (INT64_MAX) and the minimal integer number
that can be stored is `-9223372036854775808` (INT64_MIN). Integer numbers
that are out of range will yield over/underflow when used in a constructor.
During deserialization, too large or small integer numbers will be
automatically be stored as @ref number_float_t.
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) further states:
> Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and are
> in the range \f$[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]\f$ are interoperable in the sense
> that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric values.
As this range is a subrange of the exactly supported range [INT64_MIN,
INT64_MAX], this class's integer type is interoperable.
#### Storage
Integer number values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json type.
@sa @ref number_float_t -- type for number values (floating-point)
@since version 1.0.0
*/
using number_integer_t = NumberIntegerType;
/*!
@brief a type for a number (floating-point)
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) describes numbers as follows:
> The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most programming
> languages. A number is represented in base 10 using decimal digits. It
> contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an optional minus
> sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or an exponent part.
> Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that cannot be
> represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN) are not
> permitted.
This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers. However,
C++ allows more precise storage if it is known whether the number is an
integer or a floating-point number. Therefore, two different types, @ref
number_integer_t and @ref number_float_t are used.
To store floating-point numbers in C++, a type is defined by the template
parameter @a NumberFloatType which chooses the type to use.
#### Default type
With the default values for @a NumberFloatType (`double`), the default
value for @a number_float_t is:
@code {.cpp}
double
@endcode
#### Default behavior
- The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead,
leading zeros in floating-point literals will be ignored. Internally, the
value will be stored as decimal number. For instance, the C++
floating-point literal `01.2` will be serialized to `1.2`. During
deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
- Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
#### Limits
[RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) states:
> This specification allows implementations to set limits on the range and
> precision of numbers accepted. Since software that implements IEEE
> 754-2008 binary64 (double precision) numbers is generally available and
> widely used, good interoperability can be achieved by implementations that
> expect no more precision or range than these provide, in the sense that
> implementations will approximate JSON numbers within the expected
> precision.
This implementation does exactly follow this approach, as it uses double
precision floating-point numbers. Note values smaller than
`-1.79769313486232e+308` and values greather than `1.79769313486232e+308`
will be stored as NaN internally and be serialized to `null`.
#### Storage
Floating-point number values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json
type.
@sa @ref number_integer_t -- type for number values (integer)
@since version 1.0.0
*/
using number_float_t = NumberFloatType;
/// @}
///////////////////////////
// JSON type enumeration //
///////////////////////////
/*!
@brief the JSON type enumeration
This enumeration collects the different JSON types. It is internally used
to distinguish the stored values, and the functions @ref is_null(), @ref
is_object(), @ref is_array(), @ref is_string(), @ref is_boolean(), @ref
is_number(), and @ref is_discarded() rely on it.
@since version 1.0.0
*/
enum class value_t : uint8_t
{
null, ///< null value
object, ///< object (unordered set of name/value pairs)
array, ///< array (ordered collection of values)
string, ///< string value
boolean, ///< boolean value
number_integer, ///< number value (integer)
number_float, ///< number value (floating-point)
discarded ///< discarded by the the parser callback function
};
private:
/// helper for exception-safe object creation
template<typename T, typename... Args>
static T* create(Args&& ... args)
{
AllocatorType<T> alloc;
auto deleter = [&](T * object)
{
alloc.deallocate(object, 1);
};
std::unique_ptr<T, decltype(deleter)> object(alloc.allocate(1), deleter);
alloc.construct(object.get(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
return object.release();
}
////////////////////////
// JSON value storage //
////////////////////////
/*!
@brief a JSON value
The actual storage for a JSON value of the @ref basic_json class.
@since version 1.0.0
*/
union json_value
{
/// object (stored with pointer to save storage)
object_t* object;
/// array (stored with pointer to save storage)
array_t* array;
/// string (stored with pointer to save storage)
string_t* string;
/// boolean
boolean_t boolean;
/// number (integer)
number_integer_t number_integer;
/// number (floating-point)
number_float_t number_float;
/// default constructor (for null values)
json_value() noexcept = default;
/// constructor for booleans
json_value(boolean_t v) noexcept : boolean(v) {}
/// constructor for numbers (integer)
json_value(number_integer_t v) noexcept : number_integer(v) {}
/// constructor for numbers (floating-point)
json_value(number_float_t v) noexcept : number_float(v) {}
/// constructor for empty values of a given type
json_value(value_t t)
{
switch (t)
{
case value_t::object:
{
object = create<object_t>();
break;
}
case value_t::array:
{
array = create<array_t>();
break;
}
case value_t::string:
{
string = create<string_t>("");
break;
}
case value_t::boolean:
{
boolean = boolean_t(false);
break;
}
case value_t::number_integer:
{
number_integer = number_integer_t(0);
break;
}
case value_t::number_float:
{
number_float = number_float_t(0.0);
break;
}
default:
{
break;
}
}
}
/// constructor for strings
json_value(const string_t& value)
{
string = create<string_t>(value);
}
/// constructor for objects
json_value(const object_t& value)
{
object = create<object_t>(value);
}
/// constructor for arrays
json_value(const array_t& value)
{
array = create<array_t>(value);
}
};
public:
//////////////////////////
// JSON parser callback //
//////////////////////////
/*!
@brief JSON callback events
This enumeration lists the parser events that can trigger calling a
callback function of type @ref parser_callback_t during parsing.
@since version 1.0.0
*/
enum class parse_event_t : uint8_t
{
/// the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object
object_start,
/// the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object
object_end,
/// the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array
array_start,
/// the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array
array_end,
/// the parser read a key of a value in an object
key,
/// the parser finished reading a JSON value
value
};
/*!
@brief per-element parser callback type
With a parser callback function, the result of parsing a JSON text can be
influenced. When passed to @ref parse(std::istream&, parser_callback_t) or
@ref parse(const string_t&, parser_callback_t), it is called on certain
events (passed as @ref parse_event_t via parameter @a event) with a set
recursion depth @a depth and context JSON value @a parsed. The return value
of the callback function is a boolean indicating whether the element that
emitted the callback shall be kept or not.
We distinguish six scenarios (determined by the event type) in which the
callback function can be called. The following table describes the values
of the parameters @a depth, @a event, and @a parsed.
parameter @a event | description | parameter @a depth | parameter @a parsed
------------------ | ----------- | ------------------ | -------------------
parse_event_t::object_start | the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | a JSON value with type discarded
parse_event_t::key | the parser read a key of a value in an object | depth of the currently parsed JSON object | a JSON string containing the key
parse_event_t::object_end | the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | the parsed JSON object
parse_event_t::array_start | the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | a JSON value with type discarded
parse_event_t::array_end | the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | the parsed JSON array
parse_event_t::value | the parser finished reading a JSON value | depth of the value | the parsed JSON value
Discarding a value (i.e., returning `false`) has different effects
depending on the context in which function was called:
- Discarded values in structured types are skipped. That is, the parser
will behave as if the discarded value was never read.
- In case a value outside a structured type is skipped, it is replaced with
`null`. This case happens if the top-level element is skipped.
@param[in] depth the depth of the recursion during parsing
@param[in] event an event of type parse_event_t indicating the context in
the callback function has been called
@param[in,out] parsed the current intermediate parse result; note that
writing to this value has no effect for parse_event_t::key events
@return Whether the JSON value which called the function during parsing
should be kept (`true`) or not (`false`). In the latter case, it is either
skipped completely or replaced by an empty discarded object.
@sa @ref parse(std::istream&, parser_callback_t) or
@ref parse(const string_t&, parser_callback_t) for examples
@since version 1.0.0
*/
using parser_callback_t = std::function<bool(int depth, parse_event_t event, basic_json& parsed)>;
//////////////////
// constructors //
//////////////////
/// @name constructors and destructors
/// @{
/*!
@brief create an empty value with a given type
Create an empty JSON value with a given type. The value will be default
initialized with an empty value which depends on the type:
Value type | initial value
----------- | -------------
null | `null`
boolean | `false`
string | `""`
number | `0`
object | `{}`
array | `[]`
@param[in] value_type the type of the value to create
@complexity Constant.
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for object, array, or string value
fails
@liveexample{The following code shows the constructor for different @ref
value_t values,basic_json__value_t}
@sa @ref basic_json(std::nullptr_t) -- create a `null` value
@sa @ref basic_json(boolean_t value) -- create a boolean value
@sa @ref basic_json(const string_t&) -- create a string value
@sa @ref basic_json(const object_t&) -- create a object value
@sa @ref basic_json(const array_t&) -- create a array value
@sa @ref basic_json(const number_float_t) -- create a number
(floating-point) value
@sa @ref basic_json(const number_integer_t) -- create a number (integer)
value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(const value_t value_type)
: m_type(value_type), m_value(value_type)
{}
/*!
@brief create a null object (implicitly)
Create a `null` JSON value. This is the implicit version of the `null`
value constructor as it takes no parameters.
@complexity Constant.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- As postcondition, it holds: `basic_json().empty() == true`.
@liveexample{The following code shows the constructor for a `null` JSON
value.,basic_json}
@sa @ref basic_json(std::nullptr_t) -- create a `null` value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json() noexcept = default;
/*!
@brief create a null object (explicitly)
Create a `null` JSON value. This is the explicitly version of the `null`
value constructor as it takes a null pointer as parameter. It allows to
create `null` values by explicitly assigning a @c nullptr to a JSON value.
The passed null pointer itself is not read -- it is only used to choose the
right constructor.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with null pointer
parameter.,basic_json__nullptr_t}
@sa @ref basic_json() -- default constructor (implicitly creating a `null`
value)
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(std::nullptr_t) noexcept
: basic_json(value_t::null)
{}
/*!
@brief create an object (explicit)
Create an object JSON value with a given content.
@param[in] val a value for the object
@complexity Linear in the size of the passed @a val.
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for object value fails
@liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with an @ref object_t
parameter.,basic_json__object_t}
@sa @ref basic_json(const CompatibleObjectType&) -- create an object value
from a compatible STL container
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(const object_t& val)
: m_type(value_t::object), m_value(val)
{}
/*!
@brief create an object (implicit)
Create an object JSON value with a given content. This constructor allows
any type that can be used to construct values of type @ref object_t.
Examples include the types `std::map` and `std::unordered_map`.
@tparam CompatibleObjectType an object type whose `key_type` and
`value_type` is compatible to @ref object_t
@param[in] val a value for the object
@complexity Linear in the size of the passed @a val.
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for object value fails
@liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with several
compatible object type parameters.,basic_json__CompatibleObjectType}
@sa @ref basic_json(const object_t&) -- create an object value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template <class CompatibleObjectType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_constructible<typename object_t::key_type, typename CompatibleObjectType::key_type>::value and
std::is_constructible<basic_json, typename CompatibleObjectType::mapped_type>::value, int>::type
= 0>
basic_json(const CompatibleObjectType& val)
: m_type(value_t::object)
{
using std::begin;
using std::end;
m_value.object = create<object_t>(begin(val), end(val));
}
/*!
@brief create an array (explicit)
Create an array JSON value with a given content.
@param[in] val a value for the array
@complexity Linear in the size of the passed @a val.
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for array value fails
@liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with an @ref array_t
parameter.,basic_json__array_t}
@sa @ref basic_json(const CompatibleArrayType&) -- create an array value
from a compatible STL containers
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(const array_t& val)
: m_type(value_t::array), m_value(val)
{}
/*!
@brief create an array (implicit)
Create an array JSON value with a given content. This constructor allows
any type that can be used to construct values of type @ref array_t.
Examples include the types `std::vector`, `std::list`, and `std::set`.
@tparam CompatibleArrayType an object type whose `value_type` is compatible
to @ref array_t
@param[in] val a value for the array
@complexity Linear in the size of the passed @a val.
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for array value fails
@liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with several
compatible array type parameters.,basic_json__CompatibleArrayType}
@sa @ref basic_json(const array_t&) -- create an array value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template <class CompatibleArrayType, typename
std::enable_if<
not std::is_same<CompatibleArrayType, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value and
not std::is_same<CompatibleArrayType, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value and
not std::is_same<CompatibleArrayType, typename basic_json_t::reverse_iterator>::value and
not std::is_same<CompatibleArrayType, typename basic_json_t::const_reverse_iterator>::value and
not std::is_same<CompatibleArrayType, typename array_t::iterator>::value and
not std::is_same<CompatibleArrayType, typename array_t::const_iterator>::value and
std::is_constructible<basic_json, typename CompatibleArrayType::value_type>::value, int>::type
= 0>
basic_json(const CompatibleArrayType& val)
: m_type(value_t::array)
{
using std::begin;
using std::end;
m_value.array = create<array_t>(begin(val), end(val));
}
/*!
@brief create a string (explicit)
Create an string JSON value with a given content.
@param[in] val a value for the string
@complexity Linear in the size of the passed @a val.
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for string value fails
@liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with an @ref string_t
parameter.,basic_json__string_t}
@sa @ref basic_json(const typename string_t::value_type*) -- create a
string value from a character pointer
@sa @ref basic_json(const CompatibleStringType&) -- create a string value
from a compatible string container
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(const string_t& val)
: m_type(value_t::string), m_value(val)
{}
/*!
@brief create a string (explicit)
Create a string JSON value with a given content.
@param[in] val a literal value for the string
@complexity Linear in the size of the passed @a val.
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for string value fails
@liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with string literal
parameter.,basic_json__string_t_value_type}
@sa @ref basic_json(const string_t&) -- create a string value
@sa @ref basic_json(const CompatibleStringType&) -- create a string value
from a compatible string container
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(const typename string_t::value_type* val)
: basic_json(string_t(val))
{}
/*!
@brief create a string (implicit)
Create a string JSON value with a given content.
@param[in] val a value for the string
@tparam CompatibleStringType an string type which is compatible to @ref
string_t
@complexity Linear in the size of the passed @a val.
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for string value fails
@liveexample{The following code shows the construction of a string value
from a compatible type.,basic_json__CompatibleStringType}
@sa @ref basic_json(const string_t&) -- create a string value
@sa @ref basic_json(const typename string_t::value_type*) -- create a
string value from a character pointer
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template <class CompatibleStringType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_constructible<string_t, CompatibleStringType>::value, int>::type
= 0>
basic_json(const CompatibleStringType& val)
: basic_json(string_t(val))
{}
/*!
@brief create a boolean (explicit)
Creates a JSON boolean type from a given value.
@param[in] val a boolean value to store
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below demonstrates boolean
values.,basic_json__boolean_t}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(boolean_t val)
: m_type(value_t::boolean), m_value(val)
{}
/*!
@brief create an integer number (explicit)
Create an interger number JSON value with a given content.
@tparam T helper type to compare number_integer_t and int (not visible in)
the interface.
@param[in] val an integer to create a JSON number from
@note This constructor would have the same signature as @ref
basic_json(const int value), so we need to switch this one off in case
number_integer_t is the same as int. This is done via the helper type @a T.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows the construction of a JSON integer
number value.,basic_json__number_integer_t}
@sa @ref basic_json(const int) -- create a number value (integer)
@sa @ref basic_json(const CompatibleNumberIntegerType) -- create a number
value (integer) from a compatible number type
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename T,
typename std::enable_if<
not (std::is_same<T, int>::value)
and std::is_same<T, number_integer_t>::value
, int>::type = 0>
basic_json(const number_integer_t val)
: m_type(value_t::number_integer), m_value(val)
{}
/*!
@brief create an integer number from an enum type (explicit)
Create an integer number JSON value with a given content.
@param[in] val an integer to create a JSON number from
@note This constructor allows to pass enums directly to a constructor. As
C++ has no way of specifying the type of an anonymous enum explicitly, we
can only rely on the fact that such values implicitly convert to int. As
int may already be the same type of number_integer_t, we may need to switch
off the constructor @ref basic_json(const number_integer_t).
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows the construction of a JSON integer
number value from an anonymous enum.,basic_json__const_int}
@sa @ref basic_json(const number_integer_t) -- create a number value
(integer)
@sa @ref basic_json(const CompatibleNumberIntegerType) -- create a number
value (integer) from a compatible number type
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(const int val)
: m_type(value_t::number_integer),
m_value(static_cast<number_integer_t>(val))
{}
/*!
@brief create an integer number (implicit)
Create an integer number JSON value with a given content. This constructor
allows any type that can be used to construct values of type @ref
number_integer_t. Examples may include the types `int`, `int32_t`, or
`short`.
@tparam CompatibleNumberIntegerType an integer type which is compatible to
@ref number_integer_t.
@param[in] val an integer to create a JSON number from
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows the construction of several JSON
integer number values from compatible
types.,basic_json__CompatibleIntegerNumberType}
@sa @ref basic_json(const number_integer_t) -- create a number value
(integer)
@sa @ref basic_json(const int) -- create a number value (integer)
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename CompatibleNumberIntegerType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_constructible<number_integer_t, CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::value and
std::numeric_limits<CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::is_integer, CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::type
= 0>
basic_json(const CompatibleNumberIntegerType val) noexcept
: m_type(value_t::number_integer),
m_value(static_cast<number_integer_t>(val))
{}
/*!
@brief create a floating-point number (explicit)
Create a floating-point number JSON value with a given content.
@param[in] val a floating-point value to create a JSON number from
@note RFC 7159 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7159.txt>, section 6
disallows NaN values:
> Numeric values that cannot be represented in the grammar below (such
> as Infinity and NaN) are not permitted.
In case the parameter @a val is not a number, a JSON null value is
created instead.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following example creates several floating-point
values.,basic_json__number_float_t}
@sa @ref basic_json(const CompatibleNumberFloatType) -- create a number
value (floating-point) from a compatible number type
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(const number_float_t val)
: m_type(value_t::number_float), m_value(val)
{
// replace infinity and NAN by null
if (not std::isfinite(val))
{
m_type = value_t::null;
m_value = json_value();
}
}
/*!
@brief create an floating-point number (implicit)
Create an floating-point number JSON value with a given content. This
constructor allows any type that can be used to construct values of type
@ref number_float_t. Examples may include the types `float`.
@tparam CompatibleNumberFloatType a floating-point type which is compatible
to @ref number_float_t.
@param[in] val a floating-point to create a JSON number from
@note RFC 7159 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7159.txt>, section 6
disallows NaN values:
> Numeric values that cannot be represented in the grammar below (such
> as Infinity and NaN) are not permitted.
In case the parameter @a val is not a number, a JSON null value is
created instead.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows the construction of several JSON
floating-point number values from compatible
types.,basic_json__CompatibleNumberFloatType}
@sa @ref basic_json(const number_float_t) -- create a number value
(floating-point)
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename CompatibleNumberFloatType, typename = typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_constructible<number_float_t, CompatibleNumberFloatType>::value and
std::is_floating_point<CompatibleNumberFloatType>::value>::type
>
basic_json(const CompatibleNumberFloatType val) noexcept
: basic_json(number_float_t(val))
{}
/*!
@brief create a container (array or object) from an initializer list
Creates a JSON value of type array or object from the passed initializer
list @a init. In case @a type_deduction is `true` (default), the type of
the JSON value to be created is deducted from the initializer list @a init
according to the following rules:
1. If the list is empty, an empty JSON object value `{}` is created.
2. If the list consists of pairs whose first element is a string, a JSON
object value is created where the first elements of the pairs are treated
as keys and the second elements are as values.
3. In all other cases, an array is created.
The rules aim to create the best fit between a C++ initializer list and
JSON values. The ratioinale is as follows:
1. The empty initializer list is written as `{}` which is exactly an empty
JSON object.
2. C++ has now way of describing mapped types other than to list a list of
pairs. As JSON requires that keys must be of type string, rule 2 is the
weakest constraint one can pose on initializer lists to interpret them as
an object.
3. In all other cases, the initializer list could not be interpreted as
JSON object type, so interpreting it as JSON array type is safe.
With the rules described above, the following JSON values cannot be
expressed by an initializer list:
- the empty array (`[]`): use @ref array(std::initializer_list<basic_json>)
with an empty initializer list in this case
- arrays whose elements satisfy rule 2: use @ref
array(std::initializer_list<basic_json>) with the same initializer list
in this case
@note When used without parentheses around an empty initializer list, @ref
basic_json() is called instead of this function, yielding the JSON null
value.
@param[in] init initializer list with JSON values
@param[in] type_deduction internal parameter; when set to `true`, the type
of the JSON value is deducted from the initializer list @a init; when set
to `false`, the type provided via @a manual_type is forced. This mode is
used by the functions @ref array(std::initializer_list<basic_json>) and
@ref object(std::initializer_list<basic_json>).
@param[in] manual_type internal parameter; when @a type_deduction is set to
`false`, the created JSON value will use the provided type (only @ref
value_t::array and @ref value_t::object are valid); when @a type_deduction
is set to `true`, this parameter has no effect
@throw std::domain_error if @a type_deduction is `false`, @a manual_type is
`value_t::object`, but @a init contains an element which is not a pair
whose first element is a string; example: `"cannot create object from
initializer list"`
@complexity Linear in the size of the initializer list @a init.
@liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values are created from
initializer lists,basic_json__list_init_t}
@sa @ref array(std::initializer_list<basic_json>) -- create a JSON array
value from an initializer list
@sa @ref object(std::initializer_list<basic_json>) -- create a JSON object
value from an initializer list
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(std::initializer_list<basic_json> init,
bool type_deduction = true,
value_t manual_type = value_t::array)
{
// the initializer list could describe an object
bool is_an_object = true;
// check if each element is an array with two elements whose first
// element is a string
for (const auto& element : init)
{
if (not element.is_array() or element.size() != 2
or not element[0].is_string())
{
// we found an element that makes it impossible to use the
// initializer list as object
is_an_object = false;
break;
}
}
// adjust type if type deduction is not wanted
if (not type_deduction)
{
// if array is wanted, do not create an object though possible
if (manual_type == value_t::array)
{
is_an_object = false;
}
// if object is wanted but impossible, throw an exception
if (manual_type == value_t::object and not is_an_object)
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot create object from initializer list");
}
}
if (is_an_object)
{
// the initializer list is a list of pairs -> create object
m_type = value_t::object;
m_value = value_t::object;
for (auto& element : init)
{
m_value.object->emplace(std::move(*(element[0].m_value.string)), std::move(element[1]));
}
}
else
{
// the initializer list describes an array -> create array
m_type = value_t::array;
m_value.array = create<array_t>(std::move(init));
}
}
/*!
@brief explicitly create an array from an initializer list
Creates a JSON array value from a given initializer list. That is, given a
list of values `a, b, c`, creates the JSON value `[a, b, c]`. If the
initializer list is empty, the empty array `[]` is created.
@note This function is only needed to express two edge cases that cannot be
realized with the initializer list constructor (@ref
basic_json(std::initializer_list<basic_json>, bool, value_t)). These cases
are:
1. creating an array whose elements are all pairs whose first element is a
string -- in this case, the initializer list constructor would create an
object, taking the first elements as keys
2. creating an empty array -- passing the empty initializer list to the
initializer list constructor yields an empty object
@param[in] init initializer list with JSON values to create an array from
(optional)
@return JSON array value
@complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for the @ref array
function.,array}
@sa @ref basic_json(std::initializer_list<basic_json>, bool, value_t) --
create a JSON value from an initializer list
@sa @ref object(std::initializer_list<basic_json>) -- create a JSON object
value from an initializer list
@since version 1.0.0
*/
static basic_json array(std::initializer_list<basic_json> init =
std::initializer_list<basic_json>())
{
return basic_json(init, false, value_t::array);
}
/*!
@brief explicitly create an object from an initializer list
Creates a JSON object value from a given initializer list. The initializer
lists elements must be pairs, and their first elments must be strings. If
the initializer list is empty, the empty object `{}` is created.
@note This function is only added for symmetry reasons. In contrast to the
related function @ref array(std::initializer_list<basic_json>), there are
no cases which can only be expressed by this function. That is, any
initializer list @a init can also be passed to the initializer list
constructor
@ref basic_json(std::initializer_list<basic_json>, bool, value_t).
@param[in] init initializer list to create an object from (optional)
@return JSON object value
@throw std::domain_error if @a init is not a pair whose first elements are
strings; thrown by
@ref basic_json(std::initializer_list<basic_json>, bool, value_t)
@complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for the @ref object
function.,object}
@sa @ref basic_json(std::initializer_list<basic_json>, bool, value_t) --
create a JSON value from an initializer list
@sa @ref array(std::initializer_list<basic_json>) -- create a JSON array
value from an initializer list
@since version 1.0.0
*/
static basic_json object(std::initializer_list<basic_json> init =
std::initializer_list<basic_json>())
{
return basic_json(init, false, value_t::object);
}
/*!
@brief construct an array with count copies of given value
Constructs a JSON array value by creating @a cnt copies of a passed
value. In case @a cnt is `0`, an empty array is created. As postcondition,
`std::distance(begin(),end()) == cnt` holds.
@param[in] cnt the number of JSON copies of @a val to create
@param[in] val the JSON value to copy
@complexity Linear in @a cnt.
@liveexample{The following code shows examples for the @ref
basic_json(size_type\, const basic_json&)
constructor.,basic_json__size_type_basic_json}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(size_type cnt, const basic_json& val)
: m_type(value_t::array)
{
m_value.array = create<array_t>(cnt, val);
}
/*!
@brief construct a JSON container given an iterator range
Constructs the JSON value with the contents of the range `[first, last)`.
The semantics depends on the different types a JSON value can have:
- In case of primitive types (number, boolean, or string), @a first must
be `begin()` and @a last must be `end()`. In this case, the value is
copied. Otherwise, std::out_of_range is thrown.
- In case of structured types (array, object), the constructor behaves
as similar versions for `std::vector`.
- In case of a null type, std::domain_error is thrown.
@tparam InputIT an input iterator type (@ref iterator or @ref
const_iterator)
@param[in] first begin of the range to copy from (included)
@param[in] last end of the range to copy from (excluded)
@throw std::domain_error if iterators are not compatible; that is, do not
belong to the same JSON value; example: `"iterators are not compatible"`
@throw std::out_of_range if iterators are for a primitive type (number,
boolean, or string) where an out of range error can be detected easily;
example: `"iterators out of range"`
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for object, array, or string fails
@throw std::domain_error if called with a null value; example: `"cannot use
construct with iterators from null"`
@complexity Linear in distance between @a first and @a last.
@liveexample{The example below shows several ways to create JSON values by
specifying a subrange with iterators.,basic_json__InputIt_InputIt}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template <class InputIT, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_same<InputIT, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value or
std::is_same<InputIT, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value
, int>::type
= 0>
basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last) : m_type(first.m_object->m_type)
{
// make sure iterator fits the current value
if (first.m_object != last.m_object)
{
throw std::domain_error("iterators are not compatible");
}
// check if iterator range is complete for primitive values
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::boolean:
case value_t::number_float:
case value_t::number_integer:
case value_t::string:
{
if (not first.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin() or not last.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_end())
{
throw std::out_of_range("iterators out of range");
}
break;
}
default:
{
break;
}
}
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::number_integer:
{
m_value.number_integer = first.m_object->m_value.number_integer;
break;
}
case value_t::number_float:
{
m_value.number_float = first.m_object->m_value.number_float;
break;
}
case value_t::boolean:
{
m_value.boolean = first.m_object->m_value.boolean;
break;
}
case value_t::string:
{
m_value = *first.m_object->m_value.string;
break;
}
case value_t::object:
{
m_value.object = create<object_t>(first.m_it.object_iterator, last.m_it.object_iterator);
break;
}
case value_t::array:
{
m_value.array = create<array_t>(first.m_it.array_iterator, last.m_it.array_iterator);
break;
}
default:
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use construct with iterators from " + first.m_object->type_name());
}
}
}
///////////////////////////////////////
// other constructors and destructor //
///////////////////////////////////////
/*!
@brief copy constructor
Creates a copy of a given JSON value.
@param[in] other the JSON value to copy
@complexity Linear in the size of @a other.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is linear.
- As postcondition, it holds: `other == basic_json(other)`.
@throw std::bad_alloc if allocation for object, array, or string fails.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for the copy
constructor.,basic_json__basic_json}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(const basic_json& other)
: m_type(other.m_type)
{
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::object:
{
m_value = *other.m_value.object;
break;
}
case value_t::array:
{
m_value = *other.m_value.array;
break;
}
case value_t::string:
{
m_value = *other.m_value.string;
break;
}
case value_t::boolean:
{
m_value = other.m_value.boolean;
break;
}
case value_t::number_integer:
{
m_value = other.m_value.number_integer;
break;
}
case value_t::number_float:
{
m_value = other.m_value.number_float;
break;
}
default:
{
break;
}
}
}
/*!
@brief move constructor
Move constructor. Constructs a JSON value with the contents of the given
value @a other using move semantics. It "steals" the resources from @a
other and leaves it as JSON null value.
@param[in,out] other value to move to this object
@post @a other is a JSON null value
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The code below shows the move constructor explicitly called
via std::move.,basic_json__moveconstructor}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept
: m_type(std::move(other.m_type)),
m_value(std::move(other.m_value))
{
// invalidate payload
other.m_type = value_t::null;
other.m_value = {};
}
/*!
@brief copy assignment
Copy assignment operator. Copies a JSON value via the "copy and swap"
strategy: It is expressed in terms of the copy constructor, destructor, and
the swap() member function.
@param[in] other value to copy from
@complexity Linear.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is linear.
@liveexample{The code below shows and example for the copy assignment. It
creates a copy of value `a` which is then swapped with `b`. Finally\, the
copy of `a` (which is the null value after the swap) is
destroyed.,basic_json__copyassignment}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
reference& operator=(basic_json other) noexcept (
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
)
{
using std::swap;
swap(m_type, other.m_type);
swap(m_value, other.m_value);
return *this;
}
/*!
@brief destructor
Destroys the JSON value and frees all allocated memory.
@complexity Linear.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is linear.
- All stored elements are destroyed and all memory is freed.
@since version 1.0.0
*/
~basic_json()
{
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::object:
{
AllocatorType<object_t> alloc;
alloc.destroy(m_value.object);
alloc.deallocate(m_value.object, 1);
break;
}
case value_t::array:
{
AllocatorType<array_t> alloc;
alloc.destroy(m_value.array);
alloc.deallocate(m_value.array, 1);
break;
}
case value_t::string:
{
AllocatorType<string_t> alloc;
alloc.destroy(m_value.string);
alloc.deallocate(m_value.string, 1);
break;
}
default:
{
// all other types need no specific destructor
break;
}
}
}
/// @}
public:
///////////////////////
// object inspection //
///////////////////////
/// @name object inspection
/// @{
/*!
@brief serialization
Serialization function for JSON values. The function tries to mimick
Python's @p json.dumps() function, and currently supports its @p indent
parameter.
@param[in] indent if indent is nonnegative, then array elements and object
members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent level of 0
will only insert newlines. -1 (the default) selects the most compact
representation
@return string containing the serialization of the JSON value
@complexity Linear.
@liveexample{The following example shows the effect of different @a indent
parameters to the result of the serializaion.,dump}
@see https://docs.python.org/2/library/json.html#json.dump
@since version 1.0.0
*/
string_t dump(const int indent = -1) const
{
std::stringstream ss;
if (indent >= 0)
{
dump(ss, true, static_cast<unsigned int>(indent));
}
else
{
dump(ss, false, 0);
}
return ss.str();
}
/*!
@brief return the type of the JSON value (explicit)
Return the type of the JSON value as a value from the @ref value_t
enumeration.
@return the type of the JSON value
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref type() for all JSON
types.,type}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
value_t type() const noexcept
{
return m_type;
}
/*!
@brief return whether type is primitive
This function returns true iff the JSON type is primitive (string, number,
boolean, or null).
@return `true` if type is primitive (string, number, boolean, or null),
`false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_primitive for all JSON
types.,is_primitive}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_primitive() const noexcept
{
return is_null() or is_string() or is_boolean() or is_number();
}
/*!
@brief return whether type is structured
This function returns true iff the JSON type is structured (array or
object).
@return `true` if type is structured (array or object), `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_structured for all JSON
types.,is_structured}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_structured() const noexcept
{
return is_array() or is_object();
}
/*!
@brief return whether value is null
This function returns true iff the JSON value is null.
@return `true` if type is null, `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_null for all JSON
types.,is_null}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_null() const noexcept
{
return m_type == value_t::null;
}
/*!
@brief return whether value is a boolean
This function returns true iff the JSON value is a boolean.
@return `true` if type is boolean, `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_boolean for all JSON
types.,is_boolean}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_boolean() const noexcept
{
return m_type == value_t::boolean;
}
/*!
@brief return whether value is a number
This function returns true iff the JSON value is a number. This includes
both integer and floating-point values.
@return `true` if type is number (regardless whether integer or
floating-type), `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_number for all JSON
types.,is_number}
@sa @ref is_number_integer() -- check if value is an integer number
@sa @ref is_number_float() -- check if value is a floating-point number
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_number() const noexcept
{
return is_number_integer() or is_number_float();
}
/*!
@brief return whether value is an integer number
This function returns true iff the JSON value is an integer number. This
excludes floating-point values.
@return `true` if type is an integer number, `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_number_integer for all
JSON types.,is_number_integer}
@sa @ref is_number() -- check if value is a number
@sa @ref is_number_float() -- check if value is a floating-point number
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_number_integer() const noexcept
{
return m_type == value_t::number_integer;
}
/*!
@brief return whether value is a floating-point number
This function returns true iff the JSON value is a floating-point number.
This excludes integer values.
@return `true` if type is a floating-point number, `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_number_float for all
JSON types.,is_number_float}
@sa @ref is_number() -- check if value is number
@sa @ref is_number_integer() -- check if value is an integer number
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_number_float() const noexcept
{
return m_type == value_t::number_float;
}
/*!
@brief return whether value is an object
This function returns true iff the JSON value is an object.
@return `true` if type is object, `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_object for all JSON
types.,is_object}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_object() const noexcept
{
return m_type == value_t::object;
}
/*!
@brief return whether value is an array
This function returns true iff the JSON value is an array.
@return `true` if type is array, `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_array for all JSON
types.,is_array}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_array() const noexcept
{
return m_type == value_t::array;
}
/*!
@brief return whether value is a string
This function returns true iff the JSON value is a string.
@return `true` if type is string, `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_string for all JSON
types.,is_string}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_string() const noexcept
{
return m_type == value_t::string;
}
/*!
@brief return whether value is discarded
This function returns true iff the JSON value was discarded during parsing
with a callback function (see @ref parser_callback_t).
@note This function will always be `false` for JSON values after parsing.
That is, discarded values can only occur during parsing, but will be
removed when inside a structured value or replaced by null in other cases.
@return `true` if type is discarded, `false` otherwise.
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies @ref is_discarded for all JSON
types.,is_discarded}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool is_discarded() const noexcept
{
return m_type == value_t::discarded;
}
/*!
@brief return the type of the JSON value (implicit)
Implicitly return the type of the JSON value as a value from the @ref
value_t enumeration.
@return the type of the JSON value
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The following code exemplifies the value_t operator for all
JSON types.,operator__value_t}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
operator value_t() const noexcept
{
return m_type;
}
/// @}
private:
//////////////////
// value access //
//////////////////
/// get an object (explicit)
template <class T, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_convertible<typename object_t::key_type, typename T::key_type>::value and
std::is_convertible<basic_json_t, typename T::mapped_type>::value
, int>::type = 0>
T get_impl(T*) const
{
if (is_object())
{
return T(m_value.object->begin(), m_value.object->end());
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("type must be object, but is " + type_name());
}
}
/// get an object (explicit)
object_t get_impl(object_t*) const
{
if (is_object())
{
return *(m_value.object);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("type must be object, but is " + type_name());
}
}
/// get an array (explicit)
template <class T, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_convertible<basic_json_t, typename T::value_type>::value and
not std::is_same<basic_json_t, typename T::value_type>::value and
not std::is_arithmetic<T>::value and
not std::is_convertible<std::string, T>::value and
not has_mapped_type<T>::value
, int>::type = 0>
T get_impl(T*) const
{
if (is_array())
{
T to_vector;
std::transform(m_value.array->begin(), m_value.array->end(),
std::inserter(to_vector, to_vector.end()), [](basic_json i)
{
return i.get<typename T::value_type>();
});
return to_vector;
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("type must be array, but is " + type_name());
}
}
/// get an array (explicit)
template <class T, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_convertible<basic_json_t, T>::value and
not std::is_same<basic_json_t, T>::value
, int>::type = 0>
std::vector<T> get_impl(std::vector<T>*) const
{
if (is_array())
{
std::vector<T> to_vector;
to_vector.reserve(m_value.array->size());
std::transform(m_value.array->begin(), m_value.array->end(),
std::inserter(to_vector, to_vector.end()), [](basic_json i)
{
return i.get<T>();
});
return to_vector;
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("type must be array, but is " + type_name());
}
}
/// get an array (explicit)
template <class T, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_same<basic_json, typename T::value_type>::value and
not has_mapped_type<T>::value
, int>::type = 0>
T get_impl(T*) const
{
if (is_array())
{
return T(m_value.array->begin(), m_value.array->end());
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("type must be array, but is " + type_name());
}
}
/// get an array (explicit)
array_t get_impl(array_t*) const
{
if (is_array())
{
return *(m_value.array);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("type must be array, but is " + type_name());
}
}
/// get a string (explicit)
template <typename T, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_convertible<string_t, T>::value
, int>::type = 0>
T get_impl(T*) const
{
if (is_string())
{
return *m_value.string;
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("type must be string, but is " + type_name());
}
}
/// get a number (explicit)
template<typename T, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_arithmetic<T>::value
, int>::type = 0>
T get_impl(T*) const
{
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::number_integer:
{
return static_cast<T>(m_value.number_integer);
}
case value_t::number_float:
{
return static_cast<T>(m_value.number_float);
}
default:
{
throw std::domain_error("type must be number, but is " + type_name());
}
}
}
/// get a boolean (explicit)
boolean_t get_impl(boolean_t*) const
{
if (is_boolean())
{
return m_value.boolean;
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("type must be boolean, but is " + type_name());
}
}
/// get a pointer to the value (object)
object_t* get_impl_ptr(object_t*) noexcept
{
return is_object() ? m_value.object : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (object)
const object_t* get_impl_ptr(const object_t*) const noexcept
{
return is_object() ? m_value.object : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (array)
array_t* get_impl_ptr(array_t*) noexcept
{
return is_array() ? m_value.array : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (array)
const array_t* get_impl_ptr(const array_t*) const noexcept
{
return is_array() ? m_value.array : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (string)
string_t* get_impl_ptr(string_t*) noexcept
{
return is_string() ? m_value.string : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (string)
const string_t* get_impl_ptr(const string_t*) const noexcept
{
return is_string() ? m_value.string : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (boolean)
boolean_t* get_impl_ptr(boolean_t*) noexcept
{
return is_boolean() ? &m_value.boolean : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (boolean)
const boolean_t* get_impl_ptr(const boolean_t*) const noexcept
{
return is_boolean() ? &m_value.boolean : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (integer number)
number_integer_t* get_impl_ptr(number_integer_t*) noexcept
{
return is_number_integer() ? &m_value.number_integer : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (integer number)
const number_integer_t* get_impl_ptr(const number_integer_t*) const noexcept
{
return is_number_integer() ? &m_value.number_integer : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (floating-point number)
number_float_t* get_impl_ptr(number_float_t*) noexcept
{
return is_number_float() ? &m_value.number_float : nullptr;
}
/// get a pointer to the value (floating-point number)
const number_float_t* get_impl_ptr(const number_float_t*) const noexcept
{
return is_number_float() ? &m_value.number_float : nullptr;
}
public:
/// @name value access
/// @{
/*!
@brief get a value (explicit)
Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value.
@tparam ValueType non-pointer type compatible to the JSON value, for
instance `int` for JSON integer numbers, `bool` for JSON booleans, or
`std::vector` types for JSON arrays
@return copy of the JSON value, converted to type @a ValueType
@throw std::domain_error in case passed type @a ValueType is incompatible
to JSON; example: `"type must be object, but is null"`
@complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value.
@liveexample{The example below shows serveral conversions from JSON values
to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
`std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
assiciative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
json>`.,get__ValueType_const}
@internal
The idea of using a casted null pointer to choose the correct
implementation is from <http://stackoverflow.com/a/8315197/266378>.
@endinternal
@sa @ref operator ValueType() const for implicit conversion
@sa @ref get() for pointer-member access
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename ValueType, typename
std::enable_if<
not std::is_pointer<ValueType>::value
, int>::type = 0>
ValueType get() const
{
return get_impl(static_cast<ValueType*>(nullptr));
}
/*!
@brief get a pointer value (explicit)
Explicit pointer access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are
made.
@warning The pointer becomes invalid if the underlying JSON object changes.
@tparam PointerType pointer type; must be a pointer to @ref array_t, @ref
object_t, @ref string_t, @ref boolean_t, @ref number_integer_t, or @ref
number_float_t.
@return pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested
pointer type @a PointerType fits to the JSON value; `nullptr` otherwise
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a
JSON value can be requested. Note that no type conversions are made and a
`nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not
match.,get__PointerType}
@sa @ref get_ptr() for explicit pointer-member access
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename PointerType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value
, int>::type = 0>
PointerType get() noexcept
{
// delegate the call to get_ptr
return get_ptr<PointerType>();
}
/*!
@brief get a pointer value (explicit)
@copydoc get()
*/
template<typename PointerType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value
, int>::type = 0>
const PointerType get() const noexcept
{
// delegate the call to get_ptr
return get_ptr<PointerType>();
}
/*!
@brief get a pointer value (implicit)
Implict pointer access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are
made.
@warning Writing data to the pointee of the result yields an undefined
state.
@tparam PointerType pointer type; must be a pointer to @ref array_t, @ref
object_t, @ref string_t, @ref boolean_t, @ref number_integer_t, or @ref
number_float_t.
@return pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested
pointer type @a PointerType fits to the JSON value; `nullptr` otherwise
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a
JSON value can be requested. Note that no type conversions are made and a
`nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not
match.,get_ptr}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename PointerType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value
, int>::type = 0>
PointerType get_ptr() noexcept
{
// delegate the call to get_impl_ptr<>()
return get_impl_ptr(static_cast<PointerType>(nullptr));
}
/*!
@brief get a pointer value (implicit)
@copydoc get_ptr()
*/
template<typename PointerType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value
and std::is_const<typename std::remove_pointer<PointerType>::type>::value
, int>::type = 0>
const PointerType get_ptr() const noexcept
{
// delegate the call to get_impl_ptr<>() const
return get_impl_ptr(static_cast<const PointerType>(nullptr));
}
/*!
@brief get a value (implicit)
Implict type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value. The
call is realized by calling @ref get() const.
@tparam ValueType non-pointer type compatible to the JSON value, for
instance `int` for JSON integer numbers, `bool` for JSON booleans, or
`std::vector` types for JSON arrays. The character type of @ref string_t
as well as an initializer list of this type is excluded to avoid
ambiguities as these types implicitly convert to `std::string`.
@return copy of the JSON value, converted to type @a ValueType
@throw std::domain_error in case passed type @a ValueType is incompatible
to JSON, thrown by @ref get() const
@complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value.
@liveexample{The example below shows serveral conversions from JSON values
to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
`std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
assiciative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
json>`.,operator__ValueType}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename ValueType, typename
std::enable_if<
not std::is_pointer<ValueType>::value
and not std::is_same<ValueType, typename string_t::value_type>::value
and not std::is_same<ValueType, std::initializer_list<typename string_t::value_type>>::value
, int>::type = 0>
operator ValueType() const
{
// delegate the call to get<>() const
return get<ValueType>();
}
/// @}
////////////////////
// element access //
////////////////////
/// @name element access
/// @{
/*!
@brief access specified array element with bounds checking
Returns a reference to the element at specified location @a idx, with
bounds checking.
@param[in] idx index of the element to access
@return reference to the element at index @a idx
@throw std::domain_error if the JSON value is not an array; example:
`"cannot use at() with string"`
@throw std::out_of_range if the index @a idx is out of range of the array;
that is, `idx >= size()`; example: `"array index 7 is out of range"`
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read and
written using at.,at__size_type}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
reference at(size_type idx)
{
// at only works for arrays
if (is_array())
{
try
{
return m_value.array->at(idx);
}
catch (std::out_of_range& e)
{
// create better exception explanation
throw std::out_of_range("array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range");
}
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use at() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief access specified array element with bounds checking
Returns a const reference to the element at specified location @a idx, with
bounds checking.
@param[in] idx index of the element to access
@return const reference to the element at index @a idx
@throw std::domain_error if the JSON value is not an array; example:
`"cannot use at() with string"`
@throw std::out_of_range if the index @a idx is out of range of the array;
that is, `idx >= size()`; example: `"array index 7 is out of range"`
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read using
at.,at__size_type_const}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
const_reference at(size_type idx) const
{
// at only works for arrays
if (is_array())
{
try
{
return m_value.array->at(idx);
}
catch (std::out_of_range& e)
{
// create better exception explanation
throw std::out_of_range("array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range");
}
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use at() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief access specified object element with bounds checking
Returns a reference to the element at with specified key @a key, with
bounds checking.
@param[in] key key of the element to access
@return reference to the element at key @a key
@throw std::domain_error if the JSON value is not an object; example:
`"cannot use at() with boolean"`
@throw std::out_of_range if the key @a key is is not stored in the object;
that is, `find(key) == end()`; example: `"key "the fast" not found"`
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
@liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read and
written using at.,at__object_t_key_type}
@sa @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type&) for unchecked
access by reference
@sa @ref value() for access by value with a default value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
reference at(const typename object_t::key_type& key)
{
// at only works for objects
if (is_object())
{
try
{
return m_value.object->at(key);
}
catch (std::out_of_range& e)
{
// create better exception explanation
throw std::out_of_range("key '" + key + "' not found");
}
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use at() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief access specified object element with bounds checking
Returns a const reference to the element at with specified key @a key, with
bounds checking.
@param[in] key key of the element to access
@return const reference to the element at key @a key
@throw std::domain_error if the JSON value is not an object; example:
`"cannot use at() with boolean"`
@throw std::out_of_range if the key @a key is is not stored in the object;
that is, `find(key) == end()`; example: `"key "the fast" not found"`
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
@liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read using
at.,at__object_t_key_type_const}
@sa @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type&) for unchecked
access by reference
@sa @ref value() for access by value with a default value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
const_reference at(const typename object_t::key_type& key) const
{
// at only works for objects
if (is_object())
{
try
{
return m_value.object->at(key);
}
catch (std::out_of_range& e)
{
// create better exception explanation
throw std::out_of_range("key '" + key + "' not found");
}
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use at() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief access specified array element
Returns a reference to the element at specified location @a idx.
@note If @a idx is beyond the range of the array (i.e., `idx >= size()`),
then the array is silently filled up with `null` values to make `idx` a
valid reference to the last stored element.
@param[in] idx index of the element to access
@return reference to the element at index @a idx
@throw std::domain_error if JSON is not an array or null; example: `"cannot
use operator[] with null"`
@complexity Constant if @a idx is in the range of the array. Otherwise
linear in `idx - size()`.
@liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read and
written using [] operator. Note the addition of `null`
values.,operatorarray__size_type}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
reference operator[](size_type idx)
{
// implicitly convert null to object
if (is_null())
{
m_type = value_t::array;
m_value.array = create<array_t>();
}
// [] only works for arrays
if (is_array())
{
for (size_t i = m_value.array->size(); i <= idx; ++i)
{
m_value.array->push_back(basic_json());
}
return m_value.array->operator[](idx);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use operator[] with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief access specified array element
Returns a const reference to the element at specified location @a idx.
@param[in] idx index of the element to access
@return const reference to the element at index @a idx
@throw std::domain_error if JSON is not an array; example: `"cannot use
operator[] with null"`
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read using
the [] operator.,operatorarray__size_type_const}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
const_reference operator[](size_type idx) const
{
// at only works for arrays
if (is_array())
{
return m_value.array->operator[](idx);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use operator[] with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief access specified object element
Returns a reference to the element at with specified key @a key.
@note If @a key is not found in the object, then it is silently added to
the object and filled with a `null` value to make `key` a valid reference.
In case the value was `null` before, it is converted to an object.
@param[in] key key of the element to access
@return reference to the element at key @a key
@throw std::domain_error if JSON is not an object or null; example:
`"cannot use operator[] with null"`
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
@liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read and
written using the [] operator.,operatorarray__key_type}
@sa @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
with range checking
@sa @ref value() for access by value with a default value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
reference operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key)
{
// implicitly convert null to object
if (is_null())
{
m_type = value_t::object;
m_value.object = create<object_t>();
}
// [] only works for objects
if (is_object())
{
return m_value.object->operator[](key);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use operator[] with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief read-only access specified object element
Returns a const reference to the element at with specified key @a key. No
bounds checking is performed.
@warning If the element with key @a key does not exist, the behavior is
undefined.
@param[in] key key of the element to access
@return const reference to the element at key @a key
@throw std::domain_error if JSON is not an object; example: `"cannot use
operator[] with null"`
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
@liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read using
the [] operator.,operatorarray__key_type_const}
@sa @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
with range checking
@sa @ref value() for access by value with a default value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
const_reference operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key) const
{
// [] only works for objects
if (is_object())
{
return m_value.object->find(key)->second;
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use operator[] with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief access specified object element
Returns a reference to the element at with specified key @a key.
@note If @a key is not found in the object, then it is silently added to
the object and filled with a `null` value to make `key` a valid reference.
In case the value was `null` before, it is converted to an object.
@note This function is required for compatibility reasons with Clang.
@param[in] key key of the element to access
@return reference to the element at key @a key
@throw std::domain_error if JSON is not an object or null; example:
`"cannot use operator[] with null"`
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
@liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read and
written using the [] operator.,operatorarray__key_type}
@sa @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
with range checking
@sa @ref value() for access by value with a default value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename T, std::size_t n>
reference operator[](const T (&key)[n])
{
// implicitly convert null to object
if (is_null())
{
m_type = value_t::object;
m_value = value_t::object;
}
// at only works for objects
if (is_object())
{
return m_value.object->operator[](key);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use operator[] with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief read-only access specified object element
Returns a const reference to the element at with specified key @a key. No
bounds checking is performed.
@warning If the element with key @a key does not exist, the behavior is
undefined.
@note This function is required for compatibility reasons with Clang.
@param[in] key key of the element to access
@return const reference to the element at key @a key
@throw std::domain_error if JSON is not an object; example: `"cannot use
operator[] with null"`
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
@liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read using
the [] operator.,operatorarray__key_type_const}
@sa @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
with range checking
@sa @ref value() for access by value with a default value
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename T, std::size_t n>
const_reference operator[](const T (&key)[n]) const
{
// at only works for objects
if (is_object())
{
return m_value.object->find(key)->second;
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use operator[] with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief access specified object element with default value
Returns either a copy of an object's element at the specified key @a key or
a given default value if no element with key @a key exists.
The function is basically equivalent to executing
@code {.cpp}
try {
return at(key);
} catch(std::out_of_range) {
return default_value;
}
@endcode
@note Unlike @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&), this function
does not throw if the given key @a key was not found.
@note Unlike @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key), this
function does not implicitly add an element to the position defined by @a
key. This function is furthermore also applicable to const objects.
@param[in] key key of the element to access
@param[in] default_value the value to return if @a key is not found
@tparam ValueType type compatible to JSON values, for instance `int` for
JSON integer numbers, `bool` for JSON booleans, or `std::vector` types for
JSON arrays. Note the type of the expected value at @a key and the default
value @a default_value must be compatible.
@return copy of the element at key @a key or @a default_value if @a key
is not found
@throw std::domain_error if JSON is not an object; example: `"cannot use
value() with null"`
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
@liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be queried
with a default value.,basic_json__value}
@sa @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
with range checking
@sa @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type&) for unchecked
access by reference
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template <class ValueType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_convertible<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value
, int>::type = 0>
ValueType value(const typename object_t::key_type& key, ValueType default_value) const
{
// at only works for objects
if (is_object())
{
// if key is found, return value and given default value otherwise
const auto it = find(key);
if (it != end())
{
return *it;
}
else
{
return default_value;
}
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use value() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief overload for a default value of type const char*
@copydoc basic_json::value()
*/
string_t value(const typename object_t::key_type& key, const char* default_value) const
{
return value(key, string_t(default_value));
}
/*!
@brief access the first element
Returns a reference to the first element in the container. For a JSON
container `c`, the expression `c.front()` is equivalent to `*c.begin()`.
@return In case of a structured type (array or object), a reference to the
first element is returned. In cast of number, string, or boolean values, a
reference to the value is returned.
@complexity Constant.
@note Calling `front` on an empty container is undefined.
@throw std::out_of_range when called on null value
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref front.,front}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
reference front()
{
return *begin();
}
/*!
@copydoc basic_json::front()
*/
const_reference front() const
{
return *cbegin();
}
/*!
@brief access the last element
Returns a reference to the last element in the container. For a JSON
container `c`, the expression `c.back()` is equivalent to `{ auto tmp =
c.end(); --tmp; return *tmp; }`.
@return In case of a structured type (array or object), a reference to the
last element is returned. In cast of number, string, or boolean values, a
reference to the value is returned.
@complexity Constant.
@note Calling `back` on an empty container is undefined.
@throw std::out_of_range when called on null value.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref back.,back}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
reference back()
{
auto tmp = end();
--tmp;
return *tmp;
}
/*!
@copydoc basic_json::back()
*/
const_reference back() const
{
auto tmp = cend();
--tmp;
return *tmp;
}
/*!
@brief remove element given an iterator
Removes the element specified by iterator @a pos. Invalidates iterators and
references at or after the point of the erase, including the end()
iterator. The iterator @a pos must be valid and dereferenceable. Thus the
end() iterator (which is valid, but is not dereferencable) cannot be used
as a value for @a pos.
If called on a primitive type other than null, the resulting JSON value
will be `null`.
@param[in] pos iterator to the element to remove
@return Iterator following the last removed element. If the iterator @a pos
refers to the last element, the end() iterator is returned.
@tparam InteratorType an @ref iterator or @ref const_iterator
@throw std::domain_error if called on a `null` value; example: `"cannot use
erase() with null"`
@throw std::domain_error if called on an iterator which does not belong to
the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
@throw std::out_of_range if called on a primitive type with invalid
iterator (i.e., any iterator which is not end()); example: `"iterator out
of range"`
@complexity The complexity depends on the type:
- objects: amortized constant
- arrays: linear in distance between pos and the end of the container
- strings: linear in the length of the string
- other types: constant
@liveexample{The example shows the result of erase for different JSON
types.,erase__IteratorType}
@sa @ref erase(InteratorType, InteratorType) -- removes the elements in the
given range
@sa @ref erase(const typename object_t::key_type&) -- remvoes the element
from an object at the given key
@sa @ref erase(const size_type) -- removes the element from an array at the
given index
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template <class InteratorType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_same<InteratorType, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value or
std::is_same<InteratorType, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value
, int>::type
= 0>
InteratorType erase(InteratorType pos)
{
// make sure iterator fits the current value
if (this != pos.m_object)
{
throw std::domain_error("iterator does not fit current value");
}
InteratorType result = end();
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::boolean:
case value_t::number_float:
case value_t::number_integer:
case value_t::string:
{
if (not pos.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin())
{
throw std::out_of_range("iterator out of range");
}
if (is_string())
{
delete m_value.string;
m_value.string = nullptr;
}
m_type = value_t::null;
break;
}
case value_t::object:
{
result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->erase(pos.m_it.object_iterator);
break;
}
case value_t::array:
{
result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->erase(pos.m_it.array_iterator);
break;
}
default:
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use erase() with " + type_name());
}
}
return result;
}
/*!
@brief remove elements given an iterator range
Removes the element specified by the range `[first; last)`. Invalidates
iterators and references at or after the point of the erase, including the
end() iterator. The iterator @a first does not need to be dereferenceable
if `first == last`: erasing an empty range is a no-op.
If called on a primitive type other than null, the resulting JSON value
will be `null`.
@param[in] first iterator to the beginning of the range to remove
@param[in] last iterator past the end of the range to remove
@return Iterator following the last removed element. If the iterator @a
second refers to the last element, the end() iterator is returned.
@tparam InteratorType an @ref iterator or @ref const_iterator
@throw std::domain_error if called on a `null` value; example: `"cannot use
erase() with null"`
@throw std::domain_error if called on iterators which does not belong to
the current JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit current value"`
@throw std::out_of_range if called on a primitive type with invalid
iterators (i.e., if `first != begin()` and `last != end()`); example:
`"iterators out of range"`
@complexity The complexity depends on the type:
- objects: `log(size()) + std::distance(first, last)`
- arrays: linear in the distance between @a first and @a last, plus linear
in the distance between @a last and end of the container
- strings: linear in the length of the string
- other types: constant
@liveexample{The example shows the result of erase for different JSON
types.,erase__IteratorType_IteratorType}
@sa @ref erase(InteratorType) -- removes the element at a given position
@sa @ref erase(const typename object_t::key_type&) -- remvoes the element
from an object at the given key
@sa @ref erase(const size_type) -- removes the element from an array at the
given index
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template <class InteratorType, typename
std::enable_if<
std::is_same<InteratorType, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value or
std::is_same<InteratorType, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value
, int>::type
= 0>
InteratorType erase(InteratorType first, InteratorType last)
{
// make sure iterator fits the current value
if (this != first.m_object or this != last.m_object)
{
throw std::domain_error("iterators do not fit current value");
}
InteratorType result = end();
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::boolean:
case value_t::number_float:
case value_t::number_integer:
case value_t::string:
{
if (not first.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin() or not last.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_end())
{
throw std::out_of_range("iterators out of range");
}
if (is_string())
{
delete m_value.string;
m_value.string = nullptr;
}
m_type = value_t::null;
break;
}
case value_t::object:
{
result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->erase(first.m_it.object_iterator,
last.m_it.object_iterator);
break;
}
case value_t::array:
{
result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->erase(first.m_it.array_iterator,
last.m_it.array_iterator);
break;
}
default:
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use erase() with " + type_name());
}
}
return result;
}
/*!
@brief remove element from a JSON object given a key
Removes elements from a JSON object with the key value @a key.
@param[in] key value of the elements to remove
@return Number of elements removed. If ObjectType is the default `std::map`
type, the return value will always be `0` (@a key was not found) or `1` (@a
key was found).
@throw std::domain_error when called on a type other than JSON object;
example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
@complexity `log(size()) + count(key)`
@liveexample{The example shows the effect of erase.,erase__key_type}
@sa @ref erase(InteratorType) -- removes the element at a given position
@sa @ref erase(InteratorType, InteratorType) -- removes the elements in the
given range
@sa @ref erase(const size_type) -- removes the element from an array at the
given index
@since version 1.0.0
*/
size_type erase(const typename object_t::key_type& key)
{
// this erase only works for objects
if (is_object())
{
return m_value.object->erase(key);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use erase() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief remove element from a JSON array given an index
Removes element from a JSON array at the index @a idx.
@param[in] idx index of the element to remove
@throw std::domain_error when called on a type other than JSON array;
example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
@throw std::out_of_range when `idx >= size()`; example: `"index out of
range"`
@complexity Linear in distance between @a idx and the end of the container.
@liveexample{The example shows the effect of erase.,erase__size_type}
@sa @ref erase(InteratorType) -- removes the element at a given position
@sa @ref erase(InteratorType, InteratorType) -- removes the elements in the
given range
@sa @ref erase(const typename object_t::key_type&) -- remvoes the element
from an object at the given key
@since version 1.0.0
*/
void erase(const size_type idx)
{
// this erase only works for arrays
if (is_array())
{
if (idx >= size())
{
throw std::out_of_range("index out of range");
}
m_value.array->erase(m_value.array->begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(idx));
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use erase() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief find an element in a JSON object
Finds an element in a JSON object with key equivalent to @a key. If the
element is not found or the JSON value is not an object, end() is returned.
@param[in] key key value of the element to search for
@return Iterator to an element with key equivalent to @a key. If no such
element is found, past-the-end (see end()) iterator is returned.
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
@liveexample{The example shows how find is used.,find__key_type}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
iterator find(typename object_t::key_type key)
{
auto result = end();
if (is_object())
{
result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->find(key);
}
return result;
}
/*!
@brief find an element in a JSON object
@copydoc find(typename object_t::key_type)
*/
const_iterator find(typename object_t::key_type key) const
{
auto result = cend();
if (is_object())
{
result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->find(key);
}
return result;
}
/*!
@brief returns the number of occurrences of a key in a JSON object
Returns the number of elements with key @a key. If ObjectType is the
default `std::map` type, the return value will always be `0` (@a key was
not found) or `1` (@a key was found).
@param[in] key key value of the element to count
@return Number of elements with key @a key. If the JSON value is not an
object, the return value will be `0`.
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
@liveexample{The example shows how count is used.,count}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
size_type count(typename object_t::key_type key) const
{
// return 0 for all nonobject types
return is_object() ? m_value.object->count(key) : 0;
}
/// @}
///////////////
// iterators //
///////////////
/// @name iterators
/// @{
/*!
@brief returns an iterator to the first element
Returns an iterator to the first element.
@image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
@return iterator to the first element
@complexity Constant.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref begin.,begin}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
iterator begin()
{
iterator result(this);
result.set_begin();
return result;
}
/*!
@copydoc basic_json::cbegin()
*/
const_iterator begin() const
{
return cbegin();
}
/*!
@brief returns a const iterator to the first element
Returns a const iterator to the first element.
@image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
@return const iterator to the first element
@complexity Constant.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).begin()`.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref cbegin.,cbegin}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
const_iterator cbegin() const
{
const_iterator result(this);
result.set_begin();
return result;
}
/*!
@brief returns an iterator to one past the last element
Returns an iterator to one past the last element.
@image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
@return iterator one past the last element
@complexity Constant.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref end.,end}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
iterator end()
{
iterator result(this);
result.set_end();
return result;
}
/*!
@copydoc basic_json::cend()
*/
const_iterator end() const
{
return cend();
}
/*!
@brief returns a const iterator to one past the last element
Returns a const iterator to one past the last element.
@image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
@return const iterator one past the last element
@complexity Constant.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).end()`.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref cend.,cend}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
const_iterator cend() const
{
const_iterator result(this);
result.set_end();
return result;
}
/*!
@brief returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning
Returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last element.
@image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
@complexity Constant.
@requirement This function satisfies the ReversibleContainer requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- Has the semantics of `reverse_iterator(end())`.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref rbegin.,rbegin}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
reverse_iterator rbegin()
{
return reverse_iterator(end());
}
/*!
@copydoc basic_json::crbegin()
*/
const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const
{
return crbegin();
}
/*!
@brief returns an iterator to the reverse-end
Returns an iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before the first
element.
@image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
@complexity Constant.
@requirement This function satisfies the ReversibleContainer requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- Has the semantics of `reverse_iterator(begin())`.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref rend.,rend}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
reverse_iterator rend()
{
return reverse_iterator(begin());
}
/*!
@copydoc basic_json::crend()
*/
const_reverse_iterator rend() const
{
return crend();
}
/*!
@brief returns a const reverse iterator to the last element
Returns a const iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last
element.
@image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
@complexity Constant.
@requirement This function satisfies the ReversibleContainer requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).rbegin()`.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref crbegin.,crbegin}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const
{
return const_reverse_iterator(cend());
}
/*!
@brief returns a const reverse iterator to one before the first
Returns a const reverse iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before
the first element.
@image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
@complexity Constant.
@requirement This function satisfies the ReversibleContainer requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).rend()`.
@liveexample{The following code shows an example for @ref crend.,crend}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
const_reverse_iterator crend() const
{
return const_reverse_iterator(cbegin());
}
private:
// forward declaration
template<typename IteratorType> class iteration_proxy;
public:
/*!
@brief wrapper to access iterator member functions in range-based for
This functuion allows to access @ref iterator::key() and @ref
iterator::value() during range-based for loops. In these loops, a reference
to the JSON values is returned, so there is no access to the underlying
iterator.
@note The name of this function is not yet final and may change in the
future.
*/
static iteration_proxy<iterator> iterator_wrapper(reference cont)
{
return iteration_proxy<iterator>(cont);
}
/*!
@copydoc iterator_wrapper(reference)
*/
static iteration_proxy<const_iterator> iterator_wrapper(const_reference cont)
{
return iteration_proxy<const_iterator>(cont);
}
/// @}
//////////////
// capacity //
//////////////
/// @name capacity
/// @{
/*!
@brief checks whether the container is empty
Checks if a JSON value has no elements.
@return The return value depends on the different types and is
defined as follows:
Value type | return value
----------- | -------------
null | @c true
boolean | @c false
string | @c false
number | @c false
object | result of function object_t::empty()
array | result of function array_t::empty()
@complexity Constant, as long as @ref array_t and @ref object_t satisfy the
Container concept; that is, their empty() functions have constant
complexity.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- Has the semantics of `begin() == end()`.
@liveexample{The following code uses @ref empty to check if a @ref json
object contains any elements.,empty}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
bool empty() const noexcept
{
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::null:
{
// null values are empty
return true;
}
case value_t::array:
{
return m_value.array->empty();
}
case value_t::object:
{
return m_value.object->empty();
}
default:
{
// all other types are nonempty
return false;
}
}
}
/*!
@brief returns the number of elements
Returns the number of elements in a JSON value.
@return The return value depends on the different types and is
defined as follows:
Value type | return value
----------- | -------------
null | @c 0
boolean | @c 1
string | @c 1
number | @c 1
object | result of function object_t::size()
array | result of function array_t::size()
@complexity Constant, as long as @ref array_t and @ref object_t satisfy the
Container concept; that is, their size() functions have constant complexity.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- Has the semantics of `std::distance(begin(), end())`.
@liveexample{The following code calls @ref size on the different value
types.,size}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
size_type size() const noexcept
{
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::null:
{
// null values are empty
return 0;
}
case value_t::array:
{
return m_value.array->size();
}
case value_t::object:
{
return m_value.object->size();
}
default:
{
// all other types have size 1
return 1;
}
}
}
/*!
@brief returns the maximum possible number of elements
Returns the maximum number of elements a JSON value is able to hold due to
system or library implementation limitations, i.e. `std::distance(begin(),
end())` for the JSON value.
@return The return value depends on the different types and is
defined as follows:
Value type | return value
----------- | -------------
null | @c 0 (same as size())
boolean | @c 1 (same as size())
string | @c 1 (same as size())
number | @c 1 (same as size())
object | result of function object_t::max_size()
array | result of function array_t::max_size()
@complexity Constant, as long as @ref array_t and @ref object_t satisfy the
Container concept; that is, their max_size() functions have constant
complexity.
@requirement This function satisfies the Container requirements:
- The complexity is constant.
- Has the semantics of returning `b.size()` where `b` is the largest
possible JSON value.
@liveexample{The following code calls @ref max_size on the different value
types. Note the output is implementation specific.,max_size}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
size_type max_size() const noexcept
{
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::array:
{
return m_value.array->max_size();
}
case value_t::object:
{
return m_value.object->max_size();
}
default:
{
// all other types have max_size() == size()
return size();
}
}
}
/// @}
///////////////
// modifiers //
///////////////
/// @name modifiers
/// @{
/*!
@brief clears the contents
Clears the content of a JSON value and resets it to the default value as
if @ref basic_json(value_t) would have been called:
Value type | initial value
----------- | -------------
null | `null`
boolean | `false`
string | `""`
number | `0`
object | `{}`
array | `[]`
@note Floating-point numbers are set to `0.0` which will be serialized to
`0`. The vale type remains @ref number_float_t.
@complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value.
@liveexample{The example below shows the effect of @ref clear to different
JSON types.,clear}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
void clear() noexcept
{
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::number_integer:
{
m_value.number_integer = 0;
break;
}
case value_t::number_float:
{
m_value.number_float = 0.0;
break;
}
case value_t::boolean:
{
m_value.boolean = false;
break;
}
case value_t::string:
{
m_value.string->clear();
break;
}
case value_t::array:
{
m_value.array->clear();
break;
}
case value_t::object:
{
m_value.object->clear();
break;
}
default:
{
break;
}
}
}
/*!
@brief add an object to an array
Appends the given element @a val to the end of the JSON value. If the
function is called on a JSON null value, an empty array is created before
appending @a val.
@param val the value to add to the JSON array
@throw std::domain_error when called on a type other than JSON array or
null; example: `"cannot use push_back() with number"`
@complexity Amortized constant.
@liveexample{The example shows how `push_back` and `+=` can be used to add
elements to a JSON array. Note how the `null` value was silently converted
to a JSON array.,push_back}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
void push_back(basic_json&& val)
{
// push_back only works for null objects or arrays
if (not(is_null() or is_array()))
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use push_back() with " + type_name());
}
// transform null object into an array
if (is_null())
{
m_type = value_t::array;
m_value = value_t::array;
}
// add element to array (move semantics)
m_value.array->push_back(std::move(val));
// invalidate object
val.m_type = value_t::null;
}
/*!
@brief add an object to an array
@copydoc push_back(basic_json&&)
*/
reference operator+=(basic_json&& val)
{
push_back(std::move(val));
return *this;
}
/*!
@brief add an object to an array
@copydoc push_back(basic_json&&)
*/
void push_back(const basic_json& val)
{
// push_back only works for null objects or arrays
if (not(is_null() or is_array()))
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use push_back() with " + type_name());
}
// transform null object into an array
if (is_null())
{
m_type = value_t::array;
m_value = value_t::array;
}
// add element to array
m_value.array->push_back(val);
}
/*!
@brief add an object to an array
@copydoc push_back(basic_json&&)
*/
reference operator+=(const basic_json& val)
{
push_back(val);
return *this;
}
/*!
@brief add an object to an object
Inserts the given element @a val to the JSON object. If the function is
called on a JSON null value, an empty object is created before inserting @a
val.
@param[in] val the value to add to the JSON object
@throw std::domain_error when called on a type other than JSON object or
null; example: `"cannot use push_back() with number"`
@complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container, O(log(`size()`)).
@liveexample{The example shows how `push_back` and `+=` can be used to add
elements to a JSON object. Note how the `null` value was silently converted
to a JSON object.,push_back__object_t__value}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
void push_back(const typename object_t::value_type& val)
{
// push_back only works for null objects or objects
if (not(is_null() or is_object()))
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use push_back() with " + type_name());
}
// transform null object into an object
if (is_null())
{
m_type = value_t::object;
m_value = value_t::object;
}
// add element to array
m_value.object->insert(val);
}
/*!
@brief add an object to an object
@copydoc push_back(const typename object_t::value_type&)
*/
reference operator+=(const typename object_t::value_type& val)
{
push_back(val);
return operator[](val.first);
}
/*!
@brief inserts element
Inserts element @a val before iterator @a pos.
@param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
the end() iterator
@param[in] val element to insert
@return iterator pointing to the inserted @a val.
@throw std::domain_error if called on JSON values other than arrays;
example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
@throw std::domain_error if @a pos is not an iterator of *this; example:
`"iterator does not fit current value"`
@complexity Constant plus linear in the distance between pos and end of the
container.
@liveexample{The example shows how insert is used.,insert}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const basic_json& val)
{
// insert only works for arrays
if (is_array())
{
// check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
if (pos.m_object != this)
{
throw std::domain_error("iterator does not fit current value");
}
// insert to array and return iterator
iterator result(this);
result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->insert(pos.m_it.array_iterator, val);
return result;
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use insert() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief inserts element
@copydoc insert(const_iterator, const basic_json&)
*/
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, basic_json&& val)
{
return insert(pos, val);
}
/*!
@brief inserts elements
Inserts @a cnt copies of @a val before iterator @a pos.
@param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
the end() iterator
@param[in] cnt number of copies of @a val to insert
@param[in] val element to insert
@return iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or @a pos if
`cnt==0`
@throw std::domain_error if called on JSON values other than arrays;
example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
@throw std::domain_error if @a pos is not an iterator of *this; example:
`"iterator does not fit current value"`
@complexity Linear in @a cnt plus linear in the distance between @a pos
and end of the container.
@liveexample{The example shows how insert is used.,insert__count}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, size_type cnt, const basic_json& val)
{
// insert only works for arrays
if (is_array())
{
// check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
if (pos.m_object != this)
{
throw std::domain_error("iterator does not fit current value");
}
// insert to array and return iterator
iterator result(this);
result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->insert(pos.m_it.array_iterator, cnt, val);
return result;
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use insert() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief inserts elements
Inserts elements from range `[first, last)` before iterator @a pos.
@param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
the end() iterator
@param[in] first begin of the range of elements to insert
@param[in] last end of the range of elements to insert
@throw std::domain_error if called on JSON values other than arrays;
example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
@throw std::domain_error if @a pos is not an iterator of *this; example:
`"iterator does not fit current value"`
@throw std::domain_error if @a first and @a last do not belong to the same
JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
@throw std::domain_error if @a first or @a last are iterators into
container for which insert is called; example: `"passed iterators may not
belong to container"`
@return iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or @a pos if
`first==last`
@complexity Linear in `std::distance(first, last)` plus linear in the
distance between @a pos and end of the container.
@liveexample{The example shows how insert is used.,insert__range}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
{
// insert only works for arrays
if (not is_array())
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use insert() with " + type_name());
}
// check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
if (pos.m_object != this)
{
throw std::domain_error("iterator does not fit current value");
}
if (first.m_object != last.m_object)
{
throw std::domain_error("iterators do not fit");
}
if (first.m_object == this or last.m_object == this)
{
throw std::domain_error("passed iterators may not belong to container");
}
// insert to array and return iterator
iterator result(this);
result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->insert(
pos.m_it.array_iterator,
first.m_it.array_iterator,
last.m_it.array_iterator);
return result;
}
/*!
@brief inserts elements
Inserts elements from initializer list @a ilist before iterator @a pos.
@param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
the end() iterator
@param[in] ilist initializer list to insert the values from
@throw std::domain_error if called on JSON values other than arrays;
example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
@throw std::domain_error if @a pos is not an iterator of *this; example:
`"iterator does not fit current value"`
@return iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or @a pos if
`ilist` is empty
@complexity Linear in `ilist.size()` plus linear in the distance between @a
pos and end of the container.
@liveexample{The example shows how insert is used.,insert__ilist}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, std::initializer_list<basic_json> ilist)
{
// insert only works for arrays
if (not is_array())
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use insert() with " + type_name());
}
// check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
if (pos.m_object != this)
{
throw std::domain_error("iterator does not fit current value");
}
// insert to array and return iterator
iterator result(this);
result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->insert(pos.m_it.array_iterator, ilist);
return result;
}
/*!
@brief exchanges the values
Exchanges the contents of the JSON value with those of @a other. Does not
invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
invalidated.
@param[in,out] other JSON value to exchange the contents with
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows how JSON arrays can be
swapped.,swap__reference}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
void swap(reference other) noexcept (
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
)
{
std::swap(m_type, other.m_type);
std::swap(m_value, other.m_value);
}
/*!
@brief exchanges the values
Exchanges the contents of a JSON array with those of @a other. Does not
invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
invalidated.
@param[in,out] other array to exchange the contents with
@throw std::domain_error when JSON value is not an array; example: `"cannot
use swap() with string"`
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values can be
swapped.,swap__array_t}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
void swap(array_t& other)
{
// swap only works for arrays
if (is_array())
{
std::swap(*(m_value.array), other);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use swap() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief exchanges the values
Exchanges the contents of a JSON object with those of @a other. Does not
invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
invalidated.
@param[in,out] other object to exchange the contents with
@throw std::domain_error when JSON value is not an object; example:
`"cannot use swap() with string"`
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values can be
swapped.,swap__object_t}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
void swap(object_t& other)
{
// swap only works for objects
if (is_object())
{
std::swap(*(m_value.object), other);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use swap() with " + type_name());
}
}
/*!
@brief exchanges the values
Exchanges the contents of a JSON string with those of @a other. Does not
invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
invalidated.
@param[in,out] other string to exchange the contents with
@throw std::domain_error when JSON value is not a string; example: `"cannot
use swap() with boolean"`
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values can be
swapped.,swap__string_t}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
void swap(string_t& other)
{
// swap only works for strings
if (is_string())
{
std::swap(*(m_value.string), other);
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use swap() with " + type_name());
}
}
/// @}
//////////////////////////////////////////
// lexicographical comparison operators //
//////////////////////////////////////////
/// @name lexicographical comparison operators
/// @{
private:
/*!
@brief comparison operator for JSON types
Returns an ordering that is similar to Python:
- order: null < boolean < number < object < array < string
- furthermore, each type is not smaller than itself
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend bool operator<(const value_t lhs, const value_t rhs)
{
static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> order = {{
0, // null
3, // object
4, // array
5, // string
1, // boolean
2, // integer
2 // float
}
};
// discarded values are not comparable
if (lhs == value_t::discarded or rhs == value_t::discarded)
{
return false;
}
return order[static_cast<std::size_t>(lhs)] < order[static_cast<std::size_t>(rhs)];
}
public:
/*!
@brief comparison: equal
Compares two JSON values for equality according to the following rules:
- Two JSON values are equal if (1) they are from the same type and (2)
their stored values are the same.
- Integer and floating-point numbers are automatically converted before
comparison. Floating-point numbers are compared indirectly: two
floating-point numbers `f1` and `f2` are considered equal if neither
`f1 > f2` nor `f2 > f1` holds.
- Two JSON null values are equal.
@param[in] lhs first JSON value to consider
@param[in] rhs second JSON value to consider
@return whether the values @a lhs and @a rhs are equal
@complexity Linear.
@liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
types.,operator__equal}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend bool operator==(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
{
const auto lhs_type = lhs.type();
const auto rhs_type = rhs.type();
if (lhs_type == rhs_type)
{
switch (lhs_type)
{
case value_t::array:
return *lhs.m_value.array == *rhs.m_value.array;
case value_t::object:
return *lhs.m_value.object == *rhs.m_value.object;
case value_t::null:
return true;
case value_t::string:
return *lhs.m_value.string == *rhs.m_value.string;
case value_t::boolean:
return lhs.m_value.boolean == rhs.m_value.boolean;
case value_t::number_integer:
return lhs.m_value.number_integer == rhs.m_value.number_integer;
case value_t::number_float:
return approx(lhs.m_value.number_float, rhs.m_value.number_float);
default:
return false;
}
}
else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer and rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
{
return approx(static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_integer),
rhs.m_value.number_float);
}
else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float and rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
{
return approx(lhs.m_value.number_float,
static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_integer));
}
return false;
}
/*!
@brief comparison: equal
The functions compares the given JSON value against a null pointer. As the
null pointer can be used to initialize a JSON value to null, a comparison
of JSON value @a v with a null pointer should be equivalent to call
`v.is_null()`.
@param[in] v JSON value to consider
@return whether @a v is null
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example compares several JSON types to the null pointer.
,operator__equal__nullptr_t}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend bool operator==(const_reference v, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
{
return v.is_null();
}
/*!
@brief comparison: equal
@copydoc operator==(const_reference, std::nullptr_t)
*/
friend bool operator==(std::nullptr_t, const_reference v) noexcept
{
return v.is_null();
}
/*!
@brief comparison: not equal
Compares two JSON values for inequality by calculating `not (lhs == rhs)`.
@param[in] lhs first JSON value to consider
@param[in] rhs second JSON value to consider
@return whether the values @a lhs and @a rhs are not equal
@complexity Linear.
@liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
types.,operator__notequal}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend bool operator!=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
{
return not (lhs == rhs);
}
/*!
@brief comparison: not equal
The functions compares the given JSON value against a null pointer. As the
null pointer can be used to initialize a JSON value to null, a comparison
of JSON value @a v with a null pointer should be equivalent to call
`not v.is_null()`.
@param[in] v JSON value to consider
@return whether @a v is not null
@complexity Constant.
@liveexample{The example compares several JSON types to the null pointer.
,operator__notequal__nullptr_t}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend bool operator!=(const_reference v, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
{
return not v.is_null();
}
/*!
@brief comparison: not equal
@copydoc operator!=(const_reference, std::nullptr_t)
*/
friend bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t, const_reference v) noexcept
{
return not v.is_null();
}
/*!
@brief comparison: less than
Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is less than another JSON value @a
rhs according to the following rules:
- If @a lhs and @a rhs have the same type, the values are compared using
the default `<` operator.
- Integer and floating-point numbers are automatically converted before
comparison
- In case @a lhs and @a rhs have different types, the values are ignored
and the order of the types is considered, see
@ref operator<(const value_t, const value_t).
@param[in] lhs first JSON value to consider
@param[in] rhs second JSON value to consider
@return whether @a lhs is less than @a rhs
@complexity Linear.
@liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
types.,operator__less}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend bool operator<(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
{
const auto lhs_type = lhs.type();
const auto rhs_type = rhs.type();
if (lhs_type == rhs_type)
{
switch (lhs_type)
{
case value_t::array:
return *lhs.m_value.array < *rhs.m_value.array;
case value_t::object:
return *lhs.m_value.object < *rhs.m_value.object;
case value_t::null:
return false;
case value_t::string:
return *lhs.m_value.string < *rhs.m_value.string;
case value_t::boolean:
return lhs.m_value.boolean < rhs.m_value.boolean;
case value_t::number_integer:
return lhs.m_value.number_integer < rhs.m_value.number_integer;
case value_t::number_float:
return lhs.m_value.number_float < rhs.m_value.number_float;
default:
return false;
}
}
else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer and rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
{
return static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_integer) <
rhs.m_value.number_float;
}
else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float and rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
{
return lhs.m_value.number_float <
static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_integer);
}
// We only reach this line if we cannot compare values. In that case,
// we compare types. Note we have to call the operator explicitly,
// because MSVC has problems otherwise.
return operator<(lhs_type, rhs_type);
}
/*!
@brief comparison: less than or equal
Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is less than or equal to another
JSON value by calculating `not (rhs < lhs)`.
@param[in] lhs first JSON value to consider
@param[in] rhs second JSON value to consider
@return whether @a lhs is less than or equal to @a rhs
@complexity Linear.
@liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
types.,operator__greater}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend bool operator<=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
{
return not (rhs < lhs);
}
/*!
@brief comparison: greater than
Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is greater than another
JSON value by calculating `not (lhs <= rhs)`.
@param[in] lhs first JSON value to consider
@param[in] rhs second JSON value to consider
@return whether @a lhs is greater than to @a rhs
@complexity Linear.
@liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
types.,operator__lessequal}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend bool operator>(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
{
return not (lhs <= rhs);
}
/*!
@brief comparison: greater than or equal
Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is greater than or equal to another
JSON value by calculating `not (lhs < rhs)`.
@param[in] lhs first JSON value to consider
@param[in] rhs second JSON value to consider
@return whether @a lhs is greater than or equal to @a rhs
@complexity Linear.
@liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
types.,operator__greaterequal}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend bool operator>=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
{
return not (lhs < rhs);
}
/// @}
///////////////////
// serialization //
///////////////////
/// @name serialization
/// @{
/*!
@brief serialize to stream
Serialize the given JSON value @a j to the output stream @a o. The JSON
value will be serialized using the @ref dump member function. The
indentation of the output can be controlled with the member variable
`width` of the output stream @a o. For instance, using the manipulator
`std::setw(4)` on @a o sets the indentation level to `4` and the
serialization result is the same as calling `dump(4)`.
@param[in,out] o stream to serialize to
@param[in] j JSON value to serialize
@return the stream @a o
@complexity Linear.
@liveexample{The example below shows the serialization with different
parameters to `width` to adjust the indentation level.,operator_serialize}
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const basic_json& j)
{
// read width member and use it as indentation parameter if nonzero
const bool pretty_print = (o.width() > 0);
const auto indentation = (pretty_print ? o.width() : 0);
// reset width to 0 for subsequent calls to this stream
o.width(0);
// do the actual serialization
j.dump(o, pretty_print, static_cast<unsigned int>(indentation));
return o;
}
/*!
@brief serialize to stream
@copydoc operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)
*/
friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json& j, std::ostream& o)
{
return o << j;
}
/// @}
/////////////////////
// deserialization //
/////////////////////
/// @name deserialization
/// @{
/*!
@brief deserialize from string
@param[in] s string to read a serialized JSON value from
@param[in] cb a parser callback function of type @ref parser_callback_t
which is used to control the deserialization by filtering unwanted values
(optional)
@return result of the deserialization
@complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
LL(1) parser. The complexity can be higher if the parser callback function
@a cb has a super-linear complexity.
@note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
@liveexample{The example below demonstrates the parse function with and
without callback function.,parse__string__parser_callback_t}
@sa @ref parse(std::istream&, parser_callback_t) for a version that reads
from an input stream
@since version 1.0.0
*/
static basic_json parse(const string_t& s, parser_callback_t cb = nullptr)
{
return parser(s, cb).parse();
}
/*!
@brief deserialize from stream
@param[in,out] i stream to read a serialized JSON value from
@param[in] cb a parser callback function of type @ref parser_callback_t
which is used to control the deserialization by filtering unwanted values
(optional)
@return result of the deserialization
@complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
LL(1) parser. The complexity can be higher if the parser callback function
@a cb has a super-linear complexity.
@note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
@liveexample{The example below demonstrates the parse function with and
without callback function.,parse__istream__parser_callback_t}
@sa @ref parse(const string_t&, parser_callback_t) for a version that reads
from a string
@since version 1.0.0
*/
static basic_json parse(std::istream& i, parser_callback_t cb = nullptr)
{
return parser(i, cb).parse();
}
/*!
@copydoc parse(std::istream&, parser_callback_t)
*/
static basic_json parse(std::istream&& i, parser_callback_t cb = nullptr)
{
return parser(i, cb).parse();
}
/*!
@brief deserialize from stream
Deserializes an input stream to a JSON value.
@param[in,out] i input stream to read a serialized JSON value from
@param[in,out] j JSON value to write the deserialized input to
@throw std::invalid_argument in case of parse errors
@complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
LL(1) parser.
@note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
@liveexample{The example below shows how a JSON value is constructed by
reading a serialization from a stream.,operator_deserialize}
@sa parse(std::istream&, parser_callback_t) for a variant with a parser
callback function to filter values while parsing
@since version 1.0.0
*/
friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json& j, std::istream& i)
{
j = parser(i).parse();
return i;
}
/*!
@brief deserialize from stream
@copydoc operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)
*/
friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& i, basic_json& j)
{
j = parser(i).parse();
return i;
}
/// @}
private:
///////////////////////////
// convenience functions //
///////////////////////////
/// return the type as string
string_t type_name() const
{
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::null:
return "null";
case value_t::object:
return "object";
case value_t::array:
return "array";
case value_t::string:
return "string";
case value_t::boolean:
return "boolean";
case value_t::discarded:
return "discarded";
default:
return "number";
}
}
/*!
@brief calculates the extra space to escape a JSON string
@param[in] s the string to escape
@return the number of characters required to escape string @a s
@complexity Linear in the length of string @a s.
*/
static std::size_t extra_space(const string_t& s) noexcept
{
std::size_t result = 0;
for (const auto& c : s)
{
switch (c)
{
case '"':
case '\\':
case '\b':
case '\f':
case '\n':
case '\r':
case '\t':
{
// from c (1 byte) to \x (2 bytes)
result += 1;
break;
}
default:
{
if (c >= 0x00 and c <= 0x1f)
{
// from c (1 byte) to \uxxxx (6 bytes)
result += 5;
}
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}
/*!
@brief escape a string
Escape a string by replacing certain special characters by a sequence of an
escape character (backslash) and another character and other control
characters by a sequence of "\u" followed by a four-digit hex
representation.
@param[in] s the string to escape
@return the escaped string
@complexity Linear in the length of string @a s.
*/
static string_t escape_string(const string_t& s) noexcept
{
const auto space = extra_space(s);
if (space == 0)
{
return s;
}
// create a result string of necessary size
string_t result(s.size() + space, '\\');
std::size_t pos = 0;
for (const auto& c : s)
{
switch (c)
{
// quotation mark (0x22)
case '"':
{
result[pos + 1] = '"';
pos += 2;
break;
}
// reverse solidus (0x5c)
case '\\':
{
// nothing to change
pos += 2;
break;
}
// backspace (0x08)
case '\b':
{
result[pos + 1] = 'b';
pos += 2;
break;
}
// formfeed (0x0c)
case '\f':
{
result[pos + 1] = 'f';
pos += 2;
break;
}
// newline (0x0a)
case '\n':
{
result[pos + 1] = 'n';
pos += 2;
break;
}
// carriage return (0x0d)
case '\r':
{
result[pos + 1] = 'r';
pos += 2;
break;
}
// horizontal tab (0x09)
case '\t':
{
result[pos + 1] = 't';
pos += 2;
break;
}
default:
{
if (c >= 0x00 and c <= 0x1f)
{
// convert a number 0..15 to its hex representation (0..f)
auto hexify = [](const char v) -> char
{
return (v < 10) ? ('0' + v) : ('a' + v - 10);
};
// print character c as \uxxxx
for (const char m :
{ 'u', '0', '0', hexify(c >> 4), hexify(c & 0x0f)
})
{
result[++pos] = m;
}
++pos;
}
else
{
// all other characters are added as-is
result[pos++] = c;
}
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}
/*!
@brief internal implementation of the serialization function
This function is called by the public member function dump and organizes
the serializaion internally. The indentation level is propagated as
additional parameter. In case of arrays and objects, the function is called
recursively. Note that
- strings and object keys are escaped using escape_string()
- integer numbers are converted implictly via operator<<
- floating-point numbers are converted to a string using "%g" format
@param[out] o stream to write to
@param[in] pretty_print whether the output shall be pretty-printed
@param[in] indent_step the indent level
@param[in] current_indent the current indent level (only used internally)
*/
void dump(std::ostream& o,
const bool pretty_print,
const unsigned int indent_step,
const unsigned int current_indent = 0) const
{
// variable to hold indentation for recursive calls
unsigned int new_indent = current_indent;
switch (m_type)
{
case value_t::object:
{
if (m_value.object->empty())
{
o << "{}";
return;
}
o << "{";
// increase indentation
if (pretty_print)
{
new_indent += indent_step;
o << "\n";
}
for (auto i = m_value.object->cbegin(); i != m_value.object->cend(); ++i)
{
if (i != m_value.object->cbegin())
{
o << (pretty_print ? ",\n" : ",");
}
o << string_t(new_indent, ' ') << "\""
<< escape_string(i->first) << "\":"
<< (pretty_print ? " " : "");
i->second.dump(o, pretty_print, indent_step, new_indent);
}
// decrease indentation
if (pretty_print)
{
new_indent -= indent_step;
o << "\n";
}
o << string_t(new_indent, ' ') + "}";
return;
}
case value_t::array:
{
if (m_value.array->empty())
{
o << "[]";
return;
}
o << "[";
// increase indentation
if (pretty_print)
{
new_indent += indent_step;
o << "\n";
}
for (auto i = m_value.array->cbegin(); i != m_value.array->cend(); ++i)
{
if (i != m_value.array->cbegin())
{
o << (pretty_print ? ",\n" : ",");
}
o << string_t(new_indent, ' ');
i->dump(o, pretty_print, indent_step, new_indent);
}
// decrease indentation
if (pretty_print)
{
new_indent -= indent_step;
o << "\n";
}
o << string_t(new_indent, ' ') << "]";
return;
}
case value_t::string:
{
o << string_t("\"") << escape_string(*m_value.string) << "\"";
return;
}
case value_t::boolean:
{
o << (m_value.boolean ? "true" : "false");
return;
}
case value_t::number_integer:
{
o << m_value.number_integer;
return;
}
case value_t::number_float:
{
// 15 digits of precision allows round-trip IEEE 754
// string->double->string; to be safe, we read this value from
// std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits10
o << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits10) << m_value.number_float;
return;
}
case value_t::discarded:
{
o << "<discarded>";
return;
}
case value_t::null:
{
o << "null";
return;
}
}
}
private:
//////////////////////
// member variables //
//////////////////////
/// the type of the current element
value_t m_type = value_t::null;
/// the value of the current element
json_value m_value = {};
private:
///////////////
// iterators //
///////////////
/*!
@brief an iterator for primitive JSON types
This class models an iterator for primitive JSON types (boolean, number,
string). It's only purpose is to allow the iterator/const_iterator classes
to "iterate" over primitive values. Internally, the iterator is modeled by
a `difference_type` variable. Value begin_value (`0`) models the begin,
end_value (`1`) models past the end.
*/
class primitive_iterator_t
{
public:
/// set iterator to a defined beginning
void set_begin()
{
m_it = begin_value;
}
/// set iterator to a defined past the end
void set_end()
{
m_it = end_value;
}
/// return whether the iterator can be dereferenced
bool is_begin() const
{
return (m_it == begin_value);
}
/// return whether the iterator is at end
bool is_end() const
{
return (m_it == end_value);
}
/// return reference to the value to change and compare
operator difference_type& ()
{
return m_it;
}
/// return value to compare
operator difference_type () const
{
return m_it;
}
private:
static constexpr difference_type begin_value = 0;
static constexpr difference_type end_value = begin_value + 1;
/// iterator as signed integer type
difference_type m_it = std::numeric_limits<std::ptrdiff_t>::denorm_min();
};
/*!
@brief an iterator value
@note This structure could easily be a union, but MSVC currently does not
allow unions members with complex constructors, see
https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/105.
*/
struct internal_iterator
{
/// iterator for JSON objects
typename object_t::iterator object_iterator;
/// iterator for JSON arrays
typename array_t::iterator array_iterator;
/// generic iterator for all other types
primitive_iterator_t primitive_iterator;
/// create an uninitialized internal_iterator
internal_iterator()
: object_iterator(), array_iterator(), primitive_iterator()
{}
};
/// proxy class for the iterator_wrapper functions
template<typename IteratorType>
class iteration_proxy
{
private:
/// helper class for iteration
class iteration_proxy_internal
{
private:
/// the iterator
IteratorType anchor;
/// an index for arrays (used to create key names)
size_t array_index = 0;
public:
iteration_proxy_internal(IteratorType it)
: anchor(it)
{}
/// dereference operator (needed for range-based for)
iteration_proxy_internal& operator*()
{
return *this;
}
/// increment operator (needed for range-based for)
iteration_proxy_internal& operator++()
{
++anchor;
++array_index;
return *this;
}
/// inequality operator (needed for range-based for)
bool operator!= (const iteration_proxy_internal& o) const
{
return anchor != o.anchor;
}
/// return key of the iterator
typename basic_json::string_t key() const
{
switch (anchor.m_object->type())
{
// use integer array index as key
case value_t::array:
{
return std::to_string(array_index);
}
// use key from the object
case value_t::object:
{
return anchor.key();
}
// use an empty key for all primitive types
default:
{
return "";
}
}
}
/// return value of the iterator
typename IteratorType::reference value() const
{
return anchor.value();
}
};
/// the container to iterate
typename IteratorType::reference container;
public:
/// construct iteration proxy from a container
iteration_proxy(typename IteratorType::reference cont)
: container(cont)
{}
/// return iterator begin (needed for range-based for)
iteration_proxy_internal begin()
{
return iteration_proxy_internal(container.begin());
}
/// return iterator end (needed for range-based for)
iteration_proxy_internal end()
{
return iteration_proxy_internal(container.end());
}
};
public:
/*!
@brief a const random access iterator for the @ref basic_json class
This class implements a const iterator for the @ref basic_json class. From
this class, the @ref iterator class is derived.
@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
- [RandomAccessIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/RandomAccessIterator):
The iterator that can be moved to point (forward and backward) to any
element in constant time.
@since version 1.0.0
*/
class const_iterator : public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, const basic_json>
{
/// allow basic_json to access private members
friend class basic_json;
public:
/// the type of the values when the iterator is dereferenced
using value_type = typename basic_json::value_type;
/// a type to represent differences between iterators
using difference_type = typename basic_json::difference_type;
/// defines a pointer to the type iterated over (value_type)
using pointer = typename basic_json::const_pointer;
/// defines a reference to the type iterated over (value_type)
using reference = typename basic_json::const_reference;
/// the category of the iterator
using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag;
/// default constructor
const_iterator() = default;
/// constructor for a given JSON instance
const_iterator(pointer object) : m_object(object)
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
m_it.object_iterator = typename object_t::iterator();
break;
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
m_it.array_iterator = typename array_t::iterator();
break;
}
default:
{
m_it.primitive_iterator = primitive_iterator_t();
break;
}
}
}
/// copy constructor given a nonconst iterator
const_iterator(const iterator& other) : m_object(other.m_object)
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
m_it.object_iterator = other.m_it.object_iterator;
break;
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
m_it.array_iterator = other.m_it.array_iterator;
break;
}
default:
{
m_it.primitive_iterator = other.m_it.primitive_iterator;
break;
}
}
}
/// copy constructor
const_iterator(const const_iterator& other) noexcept
: m_object(other.m_object), m_it(other.m_it)
{}
/// copy assignment
const_iterator& operator=(const_iterator other) noexcept(
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<pointer>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<pointer>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<internal_iterator>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<internal_iterator>::value
)
{
std::swap(m_object, other.m_object);
std::swap(m_it, other.m_it);
return *this;
}
private:
/// set the iterator to the first value
void set_begin()
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
m_it.object_iterator = m_object->m_value.object->begin();
break;
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
m_it.array_iterator = m_object->m_value.array->begin();
break;
}
case basic_json::value_t::null:
{
// set to end so begin()==end() is true: null is empty
m_it.primitive_iterator.set_end();
break;
}
default:
{
m_it.primitive_iterator.set_begin();
break;
}
}
}
/// set the iterator past the last value
void set_end()
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
m_it.object_iterator = m_object->m_value.object->end();
break;
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
m_it.array_iterator = m_object->m_value.array->end();
break;
}
default:
{
m_it.primitive_iterator.set_end();
break;
}
}
}
public:
/// return a reference to the value pointed to by the iterator
reference operator*() const
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
return m_it.object_iterator->second;
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
return *m_it.array_iterator;
}
case basic_json::value_t::null:
{
throw std::out_of_range("cannot get value");
}
default:
{
if (m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin())
{
return *m_object;
}
else
{
throw std::out_of_range("cannot get value");
}
}
}
}
/// dereference the iterator
pointer operator->() const
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
return &(m_it.object_iterator->second);
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
return &*m_it.array_iterator;
}
default:
{
if (m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin())
{
return m_object;
}
else
{
throw std::out_of_range("cannot get value");
}
}
}
}
/// post-increment (it++)
const_iterator operator++(int)
{
auto result = *this;
++(*this);
return result;
}
/// pre-increment (++it)
const_iterator& operator++()
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
++m_it.object_iterator;
break;
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
++m_it.array_iterator;
break;
}
default:
{
++m_it.primitive_iterator;
break;
}
}
return *this;
}
/// post-decrement (it--)
const_iterator operator--(int)
{
auto result = *this;
--(*this);
return result;
}
/// pre-decrement (--it)
const_iterator& operator--()
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
--m_it.object_iterator;
break;
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
--m_it.array_iterator;
break;
}
default:
{
--m_it.primitive_iterator;
break;
}
}
return *this;
}
/// comparison: equal
bool operator==(const const_iterator& other) const
{
// if objects are not the same, the comparison is undefined
if (m_object != other.m_object)
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot compare iterators of different containers");
}
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
return (m_it.object_iterator == other.m_it.object_iterator);
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
return (m_it.array_iterator == other.m_it.array_iterator);
}
default:
{
return (m_it.primitive_iterator == other.m_it.primitive_iterator);
}
}
}
/// comparison: not equal
bool operator!=(const const_iterator& other) const
{
return not operator==(other);
}
/// comparison: smaller
bool operator<(const const_iterator& other) const
{
// if objects are not the same, the comparison is undefined
if (m_object != other.m_object)
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot compare iterators of different containers");
}
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot compare order of object iterators");
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
return (m_it.array_iterator < other.m_it.array_iterator);
}
default:
{
return (m_it.primitive_iterator < other.m_it.primitive_iterator);
}
}
}
/// comparison: less than or equal
bool operator<=(const const_iterator& other) const
{
return not other.operator < (*this);
}
/// comparison: greater than
bool operator>(const const_iterator& other) const
{
return not operator<=(other);
}
/// comparison: greater than or equal
bool operator>=(const const_iterator& other) const
{
return not operator<(other);
}
/// add to iterator
const_iterator& operator+=(difference_type i)
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use offsets with object iterators");
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
m_it.array_iterator += i;
break;
}
default:
{
m_it.primitive_iterator += i;
break;
}
}
return *this;
}
/// subtract from iterator
const_iterator& operator-=(difference_type i)
{
return operator+=(-i);
}
/// add to iterator
const_iterator operator+(difference_type i)
{
auto result = *this;
result += i;
return result;
}
/// subtract from iterator
const_iterator operator-(difference_type i)
{
auto result = *this;
result -= i;
return result;
}
/// return difference
difference_type operator-(const const_iterator& other) const
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use offsets with object iterators");
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
return m_it.array_iterator - other.m_it.array_iterator;
}
default:
{
return m_it.primitive_iterator - other.m_it.primitive_iterator;
}
}
}
/// access to successor
reference operator[](difference_type n) const
{
switch (m_object->m_type)
{
case basic_json::value_t::object:
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use operator[] for object iterators");
}
case basic_json::value_t::array:
{
return *(m_it.array_iterator + n);
}
case basic_json::value_t::null:
{
throw std::out_of_range("cannot get value");
}
default:
{
if (m_it.primitive_iterator == -n)
{
return *m_object;
}
else
{
throw std::out_of_range("cannot get value");
}
}
}
}
/// return the key of an object iterator
typename object_t::key_type key() const
{
if (m_object->is_object())
{
return m_it.object_iterator->first;
}
else
{
throw std::domain_error("cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
}
}
/// return the value of an iterator
reference value() const
{
return operator*();
}
private:
/// associated JSON instance
pointer m_object = nullptr;
/// the actual iterator of the associated instance
internal_iterator m_it = internal_iterator();
};
/*!
@brief a mutable random access iterator for the @ref basic_json class
@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
- [RandomAccessIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/RandomAccessIterator):
The iterator that can be moved to point (forward and backward) to any
element in constant time.
- [OutputIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/OutputIterator):
It is possible to write to the pointed-to element.
@since version 1.0.0
*/
class iterator : public const_iterator
{
public:
using base_iterator = const_iterator;
using pointer = typename basic_json::pointer;
using reference = typename basic_json::reference;
/// default constructor
iterator() = default;
/// constructor for a given JSON instance
iterator(pointer object) noexcept
: base_iterator(object)
{}
/// copy constructor
iterator(const iterator& other) noexcept
: base_iterator(other)
{}
/// copy assignment
iterator& operator=(iterator other) noexcept(
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<pointer>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<pointer>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<internal_iterator>::value and
std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<internal_iterator>::value
)
{
base_iterator::operator=(other);
return *this;
}
/// return a reference to the value pointed to by the iterator
reference operator*()
{
return const_cast<reference>(base_iterator::operator*());
}
/// dereference the iterator
pointer operator->()
{
return const_cast<pointer>(base_iterator::operator->());
}
/// post-increment (it++)
iterator operator++(int)
{
iterator result = *this;
base_iterator::operator++();
return result;
}
/// pre-increment (++it)
iterator& operator++()
{
base_iterator::operator++();
return *this;
}
/// post-decrement (it--)
iterator operator--(int)
{
iterator result = *this;
base_iterator::operator--();
return result;
}
/// pre-decrement (--it)
iterator& operator--()
{
base_iterator::operator--();
return *this;
}
/// add to iterator
iterator& operator+=(difference_type i)
{
base_iterator::operator+=(i);
return *this;
}
/// subtract from iterator
iterator& operator-=(difference_type i)
{
base_iterator::operator-=(i);
return *this;
}
/// add to iterator
iterator operator+(difference_type i)
{
auto result = *this;
result += i;
return result;
}
/// subtract from iterator
iterator operator-(difference_type i)
{
auto result = *this;
result -= i;
return result;
}
difference_type operator-(const iterator& other) const
{
return base_iterator::operator-(other);
}
/// access to successor
reference operator[](difference_type n) const
{
return const_cast<reference>(base_iterator::operator[](n));
}
/// return the value of an iterator
reference value() const
{
return const_cast<reference>(base_iterator::value());
}
};
/*!
@brief a template for a reverse iterator class
@tparam Base the base iterator type to reverse. Valid types are @ref
iterator (to create @ref reverse_iterator) and @ref const_iterator (to
create @ref const_reverse_iterator).
@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
- [RandomAccessIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/RandomAccessIterator):
The iterator that can be moved to point (forward and backward) to any
element in constant time.
- [OutputIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/OutputIterator):
It is possible to write to the pointed-to element (only if @a Base is
@ref iterator).
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template<typename Base>
class json_reverse_iterator : public std::reverse_iterator<Base>
{
public:
/// shortcut to the reverse iterator adaptor
using base_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<Base>;
/// the reference type for the pointed-to element
using reference = typename Base::reference;
/// create reverse iterator from iterator
json_reverse_iterator(const typename base_iterator::iterator_type& it)
: base_iterator(it)
{}
/// create reverse iterator from base class
json_reverse_iterator(const base_iterator& it)
: base_iterator(it)
{}
/// post-increment (it++)
json_reverse_iterator operator++(int)
{
return base_iterator::operator++(1);
}
/// pre-increment (++it)
json_reverse_iterator& operator++()
{
base_iterator::operator++();
return *this;
}
/// post-decrement (it--)
json_reverse_iterator operator--(int)
{
return base_iterator::operator--(1);
}
/// pre-decrement (--it)
json_reverse_iterator& operator--()
{
base_iterator::operator--();
return *this;
}
/// add to iterator
json_reverse_iterator& operator+=(difference_type i)
{
base_iterator::operator+=(i);
return *this;
}
/// add to iterator
json_reverse_iterator operator+(difference_type i) const
{
auto result = *this;
result += i;
return result;
}
/// subtract from iterator
json_reverse_iterator operator-(difference_type i) const
{
auto result = *this;
result -= i;
return result;
}
/// return difference
difference_type operator-(const json_reverse_iterator& other) const
{
return this->base() - other.base();
}
/// access to successor
reference operator[](difference_type n) const
{
return *(this->operator+(n));
}
/// return the key of an object iterator
typename object_t::key_type key() const
{
auto it = --this->base();
return it.key();
}
/// return the value of an iterator
reference value() const
{
auto it = --this->base();
return it.operator * ();
}
};
private:
//////////////////////
// lexer and parser //
//////////////////////
/*!
@brief lexical analysis
This class organizes the lexical analysis during JSON deserialization. The
core of it is a scanner generated by re2c <http://re2c.org> that processes
a buffer and recognizes tokens according to RFC 7159.
*/
class lexer
{
public:
/// token types for the parser
enum class token_type
{
uninitialized, ///< indicating the scanner is uninitialized
literal_true, ///< the "true" literal
literal_false, ///< the "false" literal
literal_null, ///< the "null" literal
value_string, ///< a string -- use get_string() for actual value
value_number, ///< a number -- use get_number() for actual value
begin_array, ///< the character for array begin "["
begin_object, ///< the character for object begin "{"
end_array, ///< the character for array end "]"
end_object, ///< the character for object end "}"
name_separator, ///< the name separator ":"
value_separator, ///< the value separator ","
parse_error, ///< indicating a parse error
end_of_input ///< indicating the end of the input buffer
};
/// the char type to use in the lexer
using lexer_char_t = unsigned char;
/// constructor with a given buffer
explicit lexer(const string_t& s) noexcept
: m_stream(nullptr), m_buffer(s)
{
m_content = reinterpret_cast<const lexer_char_t*>(s.c_str());
m_start = m_cursor = m_content;
m_limit = m_content + s.size();
}
/// constructor with a given stream
explicit lexer(std::istream* s) noexcept
: m_stream(s), m_buffer()
{
getline(*m_stream, m_buffer);
m_content = reinterpret_cast<const lexer_char_t*>(m_buffer.c_str());
m_start = m_cursor = m_content;
m_limit = m_content + m_buffer.size();
}
/// default constructor
lexer() = default;
// switch off unwanted functions
lexer(const lexer&) = delete;
lexer operator=(const lexer&) = delete;
/*!
@brief create a string from a Unicode code point
@param[in] codepoint1 the code point (can be high surrogate)
@param[in] codepoint2 the code point (can be low surrogate or 0)
@return string representation of the code point
@throw std::out_of_range if code point is >0x10ffff; example: `"code
points above 0x10FFFF are invalid"`
@throw std::invalid_argument if the low surrogate is invalid; example:
`""missing or wrong low surrogate""`
@see <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Sample_code>
*/
static string_t to_unicode(const std::size_t codepoint1,
const std::size_t codepoint2 = 0)
{
string_t result;
// calculate the codepoint from the given code points
std::size_t codepoint = codepoint1;
// check if codepoint1 is a high surrogate
if (codepoint1 >= 0xD800 and codepoint1 <= 0xDBFF)
{
// check if codepoint2 is a low surrogate
if (codepoint2 >= 0xDC00 and codepoint2 <= 0xDFFF)
{
codepoint =
// high surrogate occupies the most significant 22 bits
(codepoint1 << 10)
// low surrogate occupies the least significant 15 bits
+ codepoint2
// there is still the 0xD800, 0xDC00 and 0x10000 noise
// in the result so we have to substract with:
// (0xD800 << 10) + DC00 - 0x10000 = 0x35FDC00
- 0x35FDC00;
}
else
{
throw std::invalid_argument("missing or wrong low surrogate");
}
}
if (codepoint < 0x80)
{
// 1-byte characters: 0xxxxxxx (ASCII)
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(codepoint));
}
else if (codepoint <= 0x7ff)
{
// 2-byte characters: 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0xC0 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x1F)));
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
}
else if (codepoint <= 0xffff)
{
// 3-byte characters: 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0xE0 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x0F)));
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
}
else if (codepoint <= 0x10ffff)
{
// 4-byte characters: 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0xF0 | ((codepoint >> 18) & 0x07)));
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3F)));
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
}
else
{
throw std::out_of_range("code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid");
}
return result;
}
/// return name of values of type token_type (only used for errors)
static std::string token_type_name(token_type t)
{
switch (t)
{
case token_type::uninitialized:
return "<uninitialized>";
case token_type::literal_true:
return "true literal";
case token_type::literal_false:
return "false literal";
case token_type::literal_null:
return "null literal";
case token_type::value_string:
return "string literal";
case token_type::value_number:
return "number literal";
case token_type::begin_array:
return "'['";
case token_type::begin_object:
return "'{'";
case token_type::end_array:
return "']'";
case token_type::end_object:
return "'}'";
case token_type::name_separator:
return "':'";
case token_type::value_separator:
return "','";
case token_type::parse_error:
return "<parse error>";
case token_type::end_of_input:
return "end of input";
default:
{
// catch non-enum values
return "unknown token"; // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
}
}
}
/*!
This function implements a scanner for JSON. It is specified using
regular expressions that try to follow RFC 7159 as close as possible.
These regular expressions are then translated into a deterministic
finite automaton (DFA) by the tool re2c <http://re2c.org>. As a result,
the translated code for this function consists of a large block of code
with goto jumps.
@return the class of the next token read from the buffer
*/
token_type scan() noexcept
{
// pointer for backtracking information
m_marker = nullptr;
// remember the begin of the token
m_start = m_cursor;
/*!re2c
re2c:define:YYCTYPE = lexer_char_t;
re2c:define:YYCURSOR = m_cursor;
re2c:define:YYLIMIT = m_limit;
re2c:define:YYMARKER = m_marker;
re2c:define:YYFILL = "yyfill(); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE";
re2c:yyfill:parameter = 0;
re2c:indent:string = " ";
re2c:indent:top = 1;
re2c:labelprefix = "basic_json_parser_";
// ignore whitespace
ws = [ \t\n\r]+;
ws { return scan(); }
// ignore byte-order-mark
bom = "\xEF\xBB\xBF";
bom { return scan(); }
// structural characters
"[" { return token_type::begin_array; }
"]" { return token_type::end_array; }
"{" { return token_type::begin_object; }
"}" { return token_type::end_object; }
"," { return token_type::value_separator; }
":" { return token_type::name_separator; }
// literal names
"null" { return token_type::literal_null; }
"true" { return token_type::literal_true; }
"false" { return token_type::literal_false; }
// number
decimal_point = [.];
digit = [0-9];
digit_1_9 = [1-9];
e = [eE];
minus = [-];
plus = [+];
zero = [0];
exp = e (minus|plus)? digit+;
frac = decimal_point digit+;
int = (zero|digit_1_9 digit*);
number = minus? int frac? exp?;
number { return token_type::value_number; }
// string
quotation_mark = [\"];
escape = [\\];
unescaped = [^\"\\\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D\x0E\x0F];
single_escaped = [\"\\/bfnrt];
unicode_escaped = [u][0-9a-fA-F]{4};
escaped = escape (single_escaped | unicode_escaped);
char = unescaped | escaped;
string = quotation_mark char* quotation_mark;
string { return token_type::value_string; }
// end of file
'\000' { return token_type::end_of_input; }
// anything else is an error
. { return token_type::parse_error; }
*/
}
/// append data from the stream to the internal buffer
void yyfill() noexcept
{
if (not m_stream or not * m_stream)
{
return;
}
const ssize_t offset_start = m_start - m_content;
const ssize_t offset_marker = m_marker - m_start;
const ssize_t offset_cursor = m_cursor - m_start;
m_buffer.erase(0, static_cast<size_t>(offset_start));
std::string line;
std::getline(*m_stream, line);
m_buffer += "\n" + line; // add line with newline symbol
m_content = reinterpret_cast<const lexer_char_t*>(m_buffer.c_str());
m_start = m_content;
m_marker = m_start + offset_marker;
m_cursor = m_start + offset_cursor;
m_limit = m_start + m_buffer.size() - 1;
}
/// return string representation of last read token
string_t get_token() const noexcept
{
return string_t(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>(m_start),
static_cast<size_t>(m_cursor - m_start));
}
/*!
@brief return string value for string tokens
The function iterates the characters between the opening and closing
quotes of the string value. The complete string is the range
[m_start,m_cursor). Consequently, we iterate from m_start+1 to
m_cursor-1.
We differentiate two cases:
1. Escaped characters. In this case, a new character is constructed
according to the nature of the escape. Some escapes create new
characters (e.g., @c "\\n" is replaced by @c "\n"), some are copied
as is (e.g., @c "\\\\"). Furthermore, Unicode escapes of the shape
@c "\\uxxxx" need special care. In this case, to_unicode takes care
of the construction of the values.
2. Unescaped characters are copied as is.
@return string value of current token without opening and closing quotes
@throw std::out_of_range if to_unicode fails
*/
string_t get_string() const
{
string_t result;
result.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(m_cursor - m_start - 2));
// iterate the result between the quotes
for (const lexer_char_t* i = m_start + 1; i < m_cursor - 1; ++i)
{
// process escaped characters
if (*i == '\\')
{
// read next character
++i;
switch (*i)
{
// the default escapes
case 't':
{
result += "\t";
break;
}
case 'b':
{
result += "\b";
break;
}
case 'f':
{
result += "\f";
break;
}
case 'n':
{
result += "\n";
break;
}
case 'r':
{
result += "\r";
break;
}
case '\\':
{
result += "\\";
break;
}
case '/':
{
result += "/";
break;
}
case '"':
{
result += "\"";
break;
}
// unicode
case 'u':
{
// get code xxxx from uxxxx
auto codepoint = std::strtoul(std::string(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>(i + 1),
4).c_str(), nullptr, 16);
// check if codepoint is a high surrogate
if (codepoint >= 0xD800 and codepoint <= 0xDBFF)
{
// make sure there is a subsequent unicode
if ((i + 6 >= m_limit) or * (i + 5) != '\\' or * (i + 6) != 'u')
{
throw std::invalid_argument("missing low surrogate");
}
// get code yyyy from uxxxx\uyyyy
auto codepoint2 = std::strtoul(std::string(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>
(i + 7), 4).c_str(), nullptr, 16);
result += to_unicode(codepoint, codepoint2);
// skip the next 10 characters (xxxx\uyyyy)
i += 10;
}
else
{
// add unicode character(s)
result += to_unicode(codepoint);
// skip the next four characters (xxxx)
i += 4;
}
break;
}
}
}
else
{
// all other characters are just copied to the end of the
// string
result.append(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(*i));
}
}
return result;
}
/*!
@brief return number value for number tokens
This function translates the last token into a floating point number.
The pointer m_start points to the beginning of the parsed number. We
pass this pointer to std::strtod which sets endptr to the first
character past the converted number. If this pointer is not the same as
m_cursor, then either more or less characters have been used during the
comparison. This can happen for inputs like "01" which will be treated
like number 0 followed by number 1.
@return the result of the number conversion or NAN if the conversion
read past the current token. The latter case needs to be treated by the
caller function.
@throw std::range_error if passed value is out of range
*/
long double get_number() const
{
// conversion
typename string_t::value_type* endptr;
const auto float_val = std::strtold(reinterpret_cast<typename string_t::const_pointer>(m_start),
&endptr);
// return float_val if the whole number was translated and NAN
// otherwise
return (reinterpret_cast<lexer_char_t*>(endptr) == m_cursor) ? float_val : NAN;
}
private:
/// optional input stream
std::istream* m_stream;
/// the buffer
string_t m_buffer;
/// the buffer pointer
const lexer_char_t* m_content = nullptr;
/// pointer to the beginning of the current symbol
const lexer_char_t* m_start = nullptr;
/// pointer for backtracking information
const lexer_char_t* m_marker = nullptr;
/// pointer to the current symbol
const lexer_char_t* m_cursor = nullptr;
/// pointer to the end of the buffer
const lexer_char_t* m_limit = nullptr;
};
/*!
@brief syntax analysis
This class implements a recursive decent parser.
*/
class parser
{
public:
/// constructor for strings
parser(const string_t& s, parser_callback_t cb = nullptr)
: callback(cb), m_lexer(s)
{
// read first token
get_token();
}
/// a parser reading from an input stream
parser(std::istream& _is, parser_callback_t cb = nullptr)
: callback(cb), m_lexer(&_is)
{
// read first token
get_token();
}
/// public parser interface
basic_json parse()
{
basic_json result = parse_internal(true);
expect(lexer::token_type::end_of_input);
// return parser result and replace it with null in case the
// top-level value was discarded by the callback function
return result.is_discarded() ? basic_json() : result;
}
private:
/// the actual parser
basic_json parse_internal(bool keep)
{
auto result = basic_json(value_t::discarded);
switch (last_token)
{
case lexer::token_type::begin_object:
{
if (keep and (not callback or (keep = callback(depth++, parse_event_t::object_start, result))))
{
// explicitly set result to object to cope with {}
result.m_type = value_t::object;
result.m_value = json_value(value_t::object);
}
// read next token
get_token();
// closing } -> we are done
if (last_token == lexer::token_type::end_object)
{
get_token();
if (keep and callback and not callback(--depth, parse_event_t::object_end, result))
{
result = basic_json(value_t::discarded);
}
return result;
}
// no comma is expected here
unexpect(lexer::token_type::value_separator);
// otherwise: parse key-value pairs
do
{
// ugly, but could be fixed with loop reorganization
if (last_token == lexer::token_type::value_separator)
{
get_token();
}
// store key
expect(lexer::token_type::value_string);
const auto key = m_lexer.get_string();
bool keep_tag = false;
if (keep)
{
if (callback)
{
basic_json k(key);
keep_tag = callback(depth, parse_event_t::key, k);
}
else
{
keep_tag = true;
}
}
// parse separator (:)
get_token();
expect(lexer::token_type::name_separator);
// parse and add value
get_token();
auto value = parse_internal(keep);
if (keep and keep_tag and not value.is_discarded())
{
result[key] = std::move(value);
}
}
while (last_token == lexer::token_type::value_separator);
// closing }
expect(lexer::token_type::end_object);
get_token();
if (keep and callback and not callback(--depth, parse_event_t::object_end, result))
{
result = basic_json(value_t::discarded);
}
return result;
}
case lexer::token_type::begin_array:
{
if (keep and (not callback or (keep = callback(depth++, parse_event_t::array_start, result))))
{
// explicitly set result to object to cope with []
result.m_type = value_t::array;
result.m_value = json_value(value_t::array);
}
// read next token
get_token();
// closing ] -> we are done
if (last_token == lexer::token_type::end_array)
{
get_token();
if (callback and not callback(--depth, parse_event_t::array_end, result))
{
result = basic_json(value_t::discarded);
}
return result;
}
// no comma is expected here
unexpect(lexer::token_type::value_separator);
// otherwise: parse values
do
{
// ugly, but could be fixed with loop reorganization
if (last_token == lexer::token_type::value_separator)
{
get_token();
}
// parse value
auto value = parse_internal(keep);
if (keep and not value.is_discarded())
{
result.push_back(std::move(value));
}
}
while (last_token == lexer::token_type::value_separator);
// closing ]
expect(lexer::token_type::end_array);
get_token();
if (keep and callback and not callback(--depth, parse_event_t::array_end, result))
{
result = basic_json(value_t::discarded);
}
return result;
}
case lexer::token_type::literal_null:
{
get_token();
result.m_type = value_t::null;
break;
}
case lexer::token_type::value_string:
{
const auto s = m_lexer.get_string();
get_token();
result = basic_json(s);
break;
}
case lexer::token_type::literal_true:
{
get_token();
result.m_type = value_t::boolean;
result.m_value = true;
break;
}
case lexer::token_type::literal_false:
{
get_token();
result.m_type = value_t::boolean;
result.m_value = false;
break;
}
case lexer::token_type::value_number:
{
auto float_val = m_lexer.get_number();
// NAN is returned if token could not be translated
// completely
if (std::isnan(float_val))
{
throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("parse error - ") +
m_lexer.get_token() + " is not a number");
}
get_token();
// check if conversion loses precision
const auto int_val = static_cast<number_integer_t>(float_val);
if (approx(float_val, static_cast<long double>(int_val)))
{
// we would not lose precision -> return int
result.m_type = value_t::number_integer;
result.m_value = int_val;
}
else
{
// we would lose precision -> return float
result.m_type = value_t::number_float;
result.m_value = static_cast<number_float_t>(float_val);
}
break;
}
default:
{
// the last token was unexpected
unexpect(last_token);
}
}
if (keep and callback and not callback(depth, parse_event_t::value, result))
{
result = basic_json(value_t::discarded);
}
return result;
}
/// get next token from lexer
typename lexer::token_type get_token()
{
last_token = m_lexer.scan();
return last_token;
}
void expect(typename lexer::token_type t) const
{
if (t != last_token)
{
std::string error_msg = "parse error - unexpected ";
error_msg += (last_token == lexer::token_type::parse_error ? ("'" + m_lexer.get_token() + "'") :
lexer::token_type_name(last_token));
error_msg += "; expected " + lexer::token_type_name(t);
throw std::invalid_argument(error_msg);
}
}
void unexpect(typename lexer::token_type t) const
{
if (t == last_token)
{
std::string error_msg = "parse error - unexpected ";
error_msg += (last_token == lexer::token_type::parse_error ? ("'" + m_lexer.get_token() + "'") :
lexer::token_type_name(last_token));
throw std::invalid_argument(error_msg);
}
}
private:
/// current level of recursion
int depth = 0;
/// callback function
parser_callback_t callback;
/// the type of the last read token
typename lexer::token_type last_token = lexer::token_type::uninitialized;
/// the lexer
lexer m_lexer;
};
};
/////////////
// presets //
/////////////
/*!
@brief default JSON class
This type is the default specialization of the @ref basic_json class which uses
the standard template types.
@since version 1.0.0
*/
using json = basic_json<>;
}
/////////////////////////
// nonmember functions //
/////////////////////////
// specialization of std::swap, and std::hash
namespace std
{
/*!
@brief exchanges the values of two JSON objects
@since version 1.0.0
*/
template <>
inline void swap(nlohmann::json& j1,
nlohmann::json& j2) noexcept(
is_nothrow_move_constructible<nlohmann::json>::value and
is_nothrow_move_assignable<nlohmann::json>::value
)
{
j1.swap(j2);
}
/// hash value for JSON objects
template <>
struct hash<nlohmann::json>
{
/*!
@brief return a hash value for a JSON object
@since version 1.0.0
*/
std::size_t operator()(const nlohmann::json& j) const
{
// a naive hashing via the string representation
const auto& h = hash<nlohmann::json::string_t>();
return h(j.dump());
}
};
}
/*!
@brief user-defined string literal for JSON values
This operator implements a user-defined string literal for JSON objects. It can
be used by adding \p "_json" to a string literal and returns a JSON object if
no parse error occurred.
@param[in] s a string representation of a JSON object
@return a JSON object
@since version 1.0.0
*/
inline nlohmann::json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t)
{
return nlohmann::json::parse(reinterpret_cast<const nlohmann::json::string_t::value_type*>(s));
}
#endif
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