#pragma once #include // all_of #include // assert #include // isdigit #include // accumulate #include // string #include // move #include // vector #include #include #include namespace nlohmann { template class json_pointer { // allow basic_json to access private members NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION friend class basic_json; public: /*! @brief create JSON pointer Create a JSON pointer according to the syntax described in [Section 3 of RFC6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901#section-3). @param[in] s string representing the JSON pointer; if omitted, the empty string is assumed which references the whole JSON value @throw parse_error.107 if the given JSON pointer @a s is nonempty and does not begin with a slash (`/`); see example below @throw parse_error.108 if a tilde (`~`) in the given JSON pointer @a s is not followed by `0` (representing `~`) or `1` (representing `/`); see example below @liveexample{The example shows the construction several valid JSON pointers as well as the exceptional behavior.,json_pointer} @since version 2.0.0 */ explicit json_pointer(const std::string& s = "") : reference_tokens(split(s)) {} /*! @brief return a string representation of the JSON pointer @invariant For each JSON pointer `ptr`, it holds: @code {.cpp} ptr == json_pointer(ptr.to_string()); @endcode @return a string representation of the JSON pointer @liveexample{The example shows the result of `to_string`.,json_pointer__to_string} @since version 2.0.0 */ std::string to_string() const { return std::accumulate(reference_tokens.begin(), reference_tokens.end(), std::string{}, [](const std::string & a, const std::string & b) { return a + "/" + escape(b); }); } /// @copydoc to_string() operator std::string() const { return to_string(); } /*! @brief append another JSON pointer at the end of this JSON pointer @param[in] ptr JSON pointer to append @return JSON pointer with @a ptr appended @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/=`.,json_pointer__operator_add} @complexity Linear in the length of @a ptr. @sa @ref operator/=(std::string) to append a reference token @sa @ref operator/=(std::size_t) to append an array index @sa @ref operator/(const json_pointer&, const json_pointer&) for a binary operator @since version 3.6.0 */ json_pointer& operator/=(const json_pointer& ptr) { reference_tokens.insert(reference_tokens.end(), ptr.reference_tokens.begin(), ptr.reference_tokens.end()); return *this; } /*! @brief append an unescaped reference token at the end of this JSON pointer @param[in] token reference token to append @return JSON pointer with @a token appended without escaping @a token @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/=`.,json_pointer__operator_add} @complexity Amortized constant. @sa @ref operator/=(const json_pointer&) to append a JSON pointer @sa @ref operator/=(std::size_t) to append an array index @sa @ref operator/(const json_pointer&, std::size_t) for a binary operator @since version 3.6.0 */ json_pointer& operator/=(std::string token) { push_back(std::move(token)); return *this; } /*! @brief append an array index at the end of this JSON pointer @param[in] array_index array index to append @return JSON pointer with @a array_index appended @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/=`.,json_pointer__operator_add} @complexity Amortized constant. @sa @ref operator/=(const json_pointer&) to append a JSON pointer @sa @ref operator/=(std::string) to append a reference token @sa @ref operator/(const json_pointer&, std::string) for a binary operator @since version 3.6.0 */ json_pointer& operator/=(std::size_t array_index) { return *this /= std::to_string(array_index); } /*! @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the right JSON pointer at the end of the left JSON pointer @param[in] lhs JSON pointer @param[in] rhs JSON pointer @return a new JSON pointer with @a rhs appended to @a lhs @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/`.,json_pointer__operator_add_binary} @complexity Linear in the length of @a lhs and @a rhs. @sa @ref operator/=(const json_pointer&) to append a JSON pointer @since version 3.6.0 */ friend json_pointer operator/(const json_pointer& lhs, const json_pointer& rhs) { return json_pointer(lhs) /= rhs; } /*! @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the unescaped token at the end of the JSON pointer @param[in] ptr JSON pointer @param[in] token reference token @return a new JSON pointer with unescaped @a token appended to @a ptr @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/`.,json_pointer__operator_add_binary} @complexity Linear in the length of @a ptr. @sa @ref operator/=(std::string) to append a reference token @since version 3.6.0 */ friend json_pointer operator/(const json_pointer& ptr, std::string token) { return json_pointer(ptr) /= std::move(token); } /*! @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the array-index-token at the end of the JSON pointer @param[in] ptr JSON pointer @param[in] array_index array index @return a new JSON pointer with @a array_index appended to @a ptr @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/`.,json_pointer__operator_add_binary} @complexity Linear in the length of @a ptr. @sa @ref operator/=(std::size_t) to append an array index @since version 3.6.0 */ friend json_pointer operator/(const json_pointer& ptr, std::size_t array_index) { return json_pointer(ptr) /= array_index; } /*! @brief returns the parent of this JSON pointer @return parent of this JSON pointer; in case this JSON pointer is the root, the root itself is returned @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer. @liveexample{The example shows the result of `parent_pointer` for different JSON Pointers.,json_pointer__parent_pointer} @since version 3.6.0 */ json_pointer parent_pointer() const { if (empty()) { return *this; } json_pointer res = *this; res.pop_back(); return res; } /*! @brief remove last reference token @pre not `empty()` @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `pop_back`.,json_pointer__pop_back} @complexity Constant. @throw out_of_range.405 if JSON pointer has no parent @since version 3.6.0 */ void pop_back() { if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(empty())) { JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(405, "JSON pointer has no parent")); } reference_tokens.pop_back(); } /*! @brief return last reference token @pre not `empty()` @return last reference token @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `back`.,json_pointer__back} @complexity Constant. @throw out_of_range.405 if JSON pointer has no parent @since version 3.6.0 */ const std::string& back() const { if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(empty())) { JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(405, "JSON pointer has no parent")); } return reference_tokens.back(); } /*! @brief append an unescaped token at the end of the reference pointer @param[in] token token to add @complexity Amortized constant. @liveexample{The example shows the result of `push_back` for different JSON Pointers.,json_pointer__push_back} @since version 3.6.0 */ void push_back(const std::string& token) { reference_tokens.push_back(token); } /// @copydoc push_back(const std::string&) void push_back(std::string&& token) { reference_tokens.push_back(std::move(token)); } /*! @brief return whether pointer points to the root document @return true iff the JSON pointer points to the root document @complexity Constant. @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions. @liveexample{The example shows the result of `empty` for different JSON Pointers.,json_pointer__empty} @since version 3.6.0 */ bool empty() const noexcept { return reference_tokens.empty(); } private: /*! @param[in] s reference token to be converted into an array index @return integer representation of @a s @throw out_of_range.404 if string @a s could not be converted to an integer */ static int array_index(const std::string& s) { // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4) if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(s.size() > 1 and s[0] == '0')) { JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(106, 0, "array index '" + s + "' must not begin with '0'")); } // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4) if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(s.size() > 1 and not (s[0] >= '1' and s[0] <= '9'))) { JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(109, 0, "array index '" + s + "' is not a number")); } std::size_t processed_chars = 0; int res = 0; JSON_TRY { res = std::stoi(s, &processed_chars); } JSON_CATCH(std::out_of_range&) { JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + s + "'")); } // check if the string was completely read if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(processed_chars != s.size())) { JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + s + "'")); } return res; } json_pointer top() const { if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(empty())) { JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(405, "JSON pointer has no parent")); } json_pointer result = *this; result.reference_tokens = {reference_tokens[0]}; return result; } /*! @brief create and return a reference to the pointed to value @complexity Linear in the number of reference tokens. @throw parse_error.109 if array index is not a number @throw type_error.313 if value cannot be unflattened */ BasicJsonType& get_and_create(BasicJsonType& j) const { using size_type = typename BasicJsonType::size_type; auto result = &j; // in case no reference tokens exist, return a reference to the JSON value // j which will be overwritten by a primitive value for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens) { switch (result->type()) { case detail::value_t::null: { if (reference_token == "0") { // start a new array if reference token is 0 result = &result->operator[](0); } else { // start a new object otherwise result = &result->operator[](reference_token); } break; } case detail::value_t::object: { // create an entry in the object result = &result->operator[](reference_token); break; } case detail::value_t::array: { // create an entry in the array result = &result->operator[](static_cast(array_index(reference_token))); break; } /* The following code is only reached if there exists a reference token _and_ the current value is primitive. In this case, we have an error situation, because primitive values may only occur as single value; that is, with an empty list of reference tokens. */ default: JSON_THROW(detail::type_error::create(313, "invalid value to unflatten")); } } return *result; } /*! @brief return a reference to the pointed to value @note This version does not throw if a value is not present, but tries to create nested values instead. For instance, calling this function with pointer `"/this/that"` on a null value is equivalent to calling `operator[]("this").operator[]("that")` on that value, effectively changing the null value to an object. @param[in] ptr a JSON value @return reference to the JSON value pointed to by the JSON pointer @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer. @throw parse_error.106 if an array index begins with '0' @throw parse_error.109 if an array index was not a number @throw out_of_range.404 if the JSON pointer can not be resolved */ BasicJsonType& get_unchecked(BasicJsonType* ptr) const { using size_type = typename BasicJsonType::size_type; for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens) { // convert null values to arrays or objects before continuing if (ptr->is_null()) { // check if reference token is a number const bool nums = std::all_of(reference_token.begin(), reference_token.end(), [](const unsigned char x) { return std::isdigit(x); }); // change value to array for numbers or "-" or to object otherwise *ptr = (nums or reference_token == "-") ? detail::value_t::array : detail::value_t::object; } switch (ptr->type()) { case detail::value_t::object: { // use unchecked object access ptr = &ptr->operator[](reference_token); break; } case detail::value_t::array: { if (reference_token == "-") { // explicitly treat "-" as index beyond the end ptr = &ptr->operator[](ptr->m_value.array->size()); } else { // convert array index to number; unchecked access ptr = &ptr->operator[]( static_cast(array_index(reference_token))); } break; } default: JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'")); } } return *ptr; } /*! @throw parse_error.106 if an array index begins with '0' @throw parse_error.109 if an array index was not a number @throw out_of_range.402 if the array index '-' is used @throw out_of_range.404 if the JSON pointer can not be resolved */ BasicJsonType& get_checked(BasicJsonType* ptr) const { using size_type = typename BasicJsonType::size_type; for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens) { switch (ptr->type()) { case detail::value_t::object: { // note: at performs range check ptr = &ptr->at(reference_token); break; } case detail::value_t::array: { if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-")) { // "-" always fails the range check JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(402, "array index '-' (" + std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) + ") is out of range")); } // note: at performs range check ptr = &ptr->at(static_cast(array_index(reference_token))); break; } default: JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'")); } } return *ptr; } /*! @brief return a const reference to the pointed to value @param[in] ptr a JSON value @return const reference to the JSON value pointed to by the JSON pointer @throw parse_error.106 if an array index begins with '0' @throw parse_error.109 if an array index was not a number @throw out_of_range.402 if the array index '-' is used @throw out_of_range.404 if the JSON pointer can not be resolved */ const BasicJsonType& get_unchecked(const BasicJsonType* ptr) const { using size_type = typename BasicJsonType::size_type; for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens) { switch (ptr->type()) { case detail::value_t::object: { // use unchecked object access ptr = &ptr->operator[](reference_token); break; } case detail::value_t::array: { if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-")) { // "-" cannot be used for const access JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(402, "array index '-' (" + std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) + ") is out of range")); } // use unchecked array access ptr = &ptr->operator[]( static_cast(array_index(reference_token))); break; } default: JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'")); } } return *ptr; } /*! @throw parse_error.106 if an array index begins with '0' @throw parse_error.109 if an array index was not a number @throw out_of_range.402 if the array index '-' is used @throw out_of_range.404 if the JSON pointer can not be resolved */ const BasicJsonType& get_checked(const BasicJsonType* ptr) const { using size_type = typename BasicJsonType::size_type; for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens) { switch (ptr->type()) { case detail::value_t::object: { // note: at performs range check ptr = &ptr->at(reference_token); break; } case detail::value_t::array: { if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-")) { // "-" always fails the range check JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(402, "array index '-' (" + std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) + ") is out of range")); } // note: at performs range check ptr = &ptr->at(static_cast(array_index(reference_token))); break; } default: JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'")); } } return *ptr; } /*! @throw parse_error.106 if an array index begins with '0' @throw parse_error.109 if an array index was not a number */ bool contains(const BasicJsonType* ptr) const { using size_type = typename BasicJsonType::size_type; for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens) { switch (ptr->type()) { case detail::value_t::object: { if (not ptr->contains(reference_token)) { // we did not find the key in the object return false; } ptr = &ptr->operator[](reference_token); break; } case detail::value_t::array: { if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-")) { // "-" always fails the range check return false; } const auto idx = static_cast(array_index(reference_token)); if (idx >= ptr->size()) { // index out of range return false; } ptr = &ptr->operator[](idx); break; } default: { // we do not expect primitive values if there is still a // reference token to process return false; } } } // no reference token left means we found a primitive value return true; } /*! @brief split the string input to reference tokens @note This function is only called by the json_pointer constructor. All exceptions below are documented there. @throw parse_error.107 if the pointer is not empty or begins with '/' @throw parse_error.108 if character '~' is not followed by '0' or '1' */ static std::vector split(const std::string& reference_string) { std::vector result; // special case: empty reference string -> no reference tokens if (reference_string.empty()) { return result; } // check if nonempty reference string begins with slash if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_string[0] != '/')) { JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(107, 1, "JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: '" + reference_string + "'")); } // extract the reference tokens: // - slash: position of the last read slash (or end of string) // - start: position after the previous slash for ( // search for the first slash after the first character std::size_t slash = reference_string.find_first_of('/', 1), // set the beginning of the first reference token start = 1; // we can stop if start == 0 (if slash == std::string::npos) start != 0; // set the beginning of the next reference token // (will eventually be 0 if slash == std::string::npos) start = (slash == std::string::npos) ? 0 : slash + 1, // find next slash slash = reference_string.find_first_of('/', start)) { // use the text between the beginning of the reference token // (start) and the last slash (slash). auto reference_token = reference_string.substr(start, slash - start); // check reference tokens are properly escaped for (std::size_t pos = reference_token.find_first_of('~'); pos != std::string::npos; pos = reference_token.find_first_of('~', pos + 1)) { assert(reference_token[pos] == '~'); // ~ must be followed by 0 or 1 if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos == reference_token.size() - 1 or (reference_token[pos + 1] != '0' and reference_token[pos + 1] != '1'))) { JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(108, 0, "escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'")); } } // finally, store the reference token unescape(reference_token); result.push_back(reference_token); } return result; } /*! @brief replace all occurrences of a substring by another string @param[in,out] s the string to manipulate; changed so that all occurrences of @a f are replaced with @a t @param[in] f the substring to replace with @a t @param[in] t the string to replace @a f @pre The search string @a f must not be empty. **This precondition is enforced with an assertion.** @since version 2.0.0 */ static void replace_substring(std::string& s, const std::string& f, const std::string& t) { assert(not f.empty()); for (auto pos = s.find(f); // find first occurrence of f pos != std::string::npos; // make sure f was found s.replace(pos, f.size(), t), // replace with t, and pos = s.find(f, pos + t.size())) // find next occurrence of f {} } /// escape "~" to "~0" and "/" to "~1" static std::string escape(std::string s) { replace_substring(s, "~", "~0"); replace_substring(s, "/", "~1"); return s; } /// unescape "~1" to tilde and "~0" to slash (order is important!) static void unescape(std::string& s) { replace_substring(s, "~1", "/"); replace_substring(s, "~0", "~"); } /*! @param[in] reference_string the reference string to the current value @param[in] value the value to consider @param[in,out] result the result object to insert values to @note Empty objects or arrays are flattened to `null`. */ static void flatten(const std::string& reference_string, const BasicJsonType& value, BasicJsonType& result) { switch (value.type()) { case detail::value_t::array: { if (value.m_value.array->empty()) { // flatten empty array as null result[reference_string] = nullptr; } else { // iterate array and use index as reference string for (std::size_t i = 0; i < value.m_value.array->size(); ++i) { flatten(reference_string + "/" + std::to_string(i), value.m_value.array->operator[](i), result); } } break; } case detail::value_t::object: { if (value.m_value.object->empty()) { // flatten empty object as null result[reference_string] = nullptr; } else { // iterate object and use keys as reference string for (const auto& element : *value.m_value.object) { flatten(reference_string + "/" + escape(element.first), element.second, result); } } break; } default: { // add primitive value with its reference string result[reference_string] = value; break; } } } /*! @param[in] value flattened JSON @return unflattened JSON @throw parse_error.109 if array index is not a number @throw type_error.314 if value is not an object @throw type_error.315 if object values are not primitive @throw type_error.313 if value cannot be unflattened */ static BasicJsonType unflatten(const BasicJsonType& value) { if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(not value.is_object())) { JSON_THROW(detail::type_error::create(314, "only objects can be unflattened")); } BasicJsonType result; // iterate the JSON object values for (const auto& element : *value.m_value.object) { if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(not element.second.is_primitive())) { JSON_THROW(detail::type_error::create(315, "values in object must be primitive")); } // assign value to reference pointed to by JSON pointer; Note that if // the JSON pointer is "" (i.e., points to the whole value), function // get_and_create returns a reference to result itself. An assignment // will then create a primitive value. json_pointer(element.first).get_and_create(result) = element.second; } return result; } /*! @brief compares two JSON pointers for equality @param[in] lhs JSON pointer to compare @param[in] rhs JSON pointer to compare @return whether @a lhs is equal to @a rhs @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions. */ friend bool operator==(json_pointer const& lhs, json_pointer const& rhs) noexcept { return lhs.reference_tokens == rhs.reference_tokens; } /*! @brief compares two JSON pointers for inequality @param[in] lhs JSON pointer to compare @param[in] rhs JSON pointer to compare @return whether @a lhs is not equal @a rhs @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions. */ friend bool operator!=(json_pointer const& lhs, json_pointer const& rhs) noexcept { return not (lhs == rhs); } /// the reference tokens std::vector reference_tokens; }; } // namespace nlohmann