diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 0572199f..8220bd3c 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ - [JSON Merge Patch](#json-merge-patch) - [Implicit conversions](#implicit-conversions) - [Conversions to/from arbitrary types](#arbitrary-types-conversions) - - [Binary formats (CBOR, BSON, MessagePack, and UBJSON)](#binary-formats-bson-cbor-messagepack-and-ubjson) + - [Specializing enum conversion](#specializing-enum-conversion) + - [Binary formats (BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON)](#binary-formats-bson-cbor-messagepack-and-ubjson) - [Supported compilers](#supported-compilers) - [License](#license) - [Contact](#contact) @@ -874,7 +875,57 @@ struct bad_serializer }; ``` -### Binary formats (CBOR, BSON, MessagePack, and UBJSON +### Specializing enum conversion + +By default, enum values are serialized to JSON as integers. In some cases this could result in undesired behavior. If an enum is modified or re-ordered after data has been serialized to JSON, the later de-serialized JSON data may be undefined or a different enum value than was originally intended. + +It is possible to more precisely specify how a given enum is mapped to and from JSON as shown below: + +```cpp +// example enum type declaration +enum TaskState { + TS_STOPPED, + TS_RUNNING, + TS_COMPLETED, + TS_INVALID=-1, +}; + +// map TaskState values to JSON as strings +NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM( TaskState, { + {TS_INVALID, nullptr}, + {TS_STOPPED, "stopped"}, + {TS_RUNNING, "running"}, + {TS_COMPLETED, "completed"}, +}); +``` + +The `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()` macro declares a set of `to_json()` / `from_json()` functions for type `TaskState` while avoiding repetition and boilerplate serilization code. + +**Usage:** + +```cpp +// enum to JSON as string +json j = TS_STOPPED; +assert(j == "stopped"); + +// json string to enum +json j3 = "running"; +assert(j3.get() == TS_RUNNING); + +// undefined json value to enum (where the first map entry above is the default) +json jPi = 3.14; +assert(jPi.get() == TS_INVALID ); +``` + +Just as in [Arbitrary Type Conversions](#arbitrary-types-conversions) above, +- `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()` MUST be declared in your enum type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate it and it will default to integer serialization. +- It MUST be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use the conversions. + +Other Important points: +- When using `get()`, undefined JSON values will default to the first pair specified in your map. Select this default pair carefully. +- If an enum or JSON value is specified more than once in your map, the first matching occurrence from the top of the map will be returned when converting to or from JSON. + +### Binary formats (BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON Though JSON is a ubiquitous data format, it is not a very compact format suitable for data exchange, for instance over a network. Hence, the library supports [BSON](http://bsonspec.org) (Binary JSON), [CBOR](http://cbor.io) (Concise Binary Object Representation), [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org), and [UBJSON](http://ubjson.org) (Universal Binary JSON Specification) to efficiently encode JSON values to byte vectors and to decode such vectors. @@ -1146,6 +1197,7 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people. - [Henry Schreiner](https://github.com/henryiii) added support for GCC 4.8. - [knilch](https://github.com/knilch0r) made sure the test suite does not stall when run in the wrong directory. - [Antonio Borondo](https://github.com/antonioborondo) fixed an MSVC 2017 warning. +- [Dan Gendreau](https://github.com/dgendreau) implemented the `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM` macro to quickly define a enum/JSON mapping. - [efp](https://github.com/efp) added line and column information to parse errors. - [julian-becker](https://github.com/julian-becker) added BSON support. diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp index 06805b1a..5e42a0e8 100644 --- a/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp +++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp @@ -87,6 +87,37 @@ #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14 #endif +/*! +@brief macro to briefly define a mapping between an enum and JSON +@macro NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM +@since version 3.4.0 +*/ +#define NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(ENUM_TYPE, ...) \ + template \ + inline void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const ENUM_TYPE& e) \ + { \ + static_assert(std::is_enum::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!"); \ + static const std::pair m[] = __VA_ARGS__; \ + auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m), \ + [e](const std::pair& ej_pair) -> bool \ + { \ + return ej_pair.first == e; \ + }); \ + j = ((it != std::end(m)) ? it : std::begin(m))->second; \ + } \ + template \ + inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ENUM_TYPE& e) \ + { \ + static_assert(std::is_enum::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!"); \ + static const std::pair m[] = __VA_ARGS__; \ + auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m), \ + [j](const std::pair& ej_pair) -> bool \ + { \ + return ej_pair.second == j; \ + }); \ + e = ((it != std::end(m)) ? it : std::begin(m))->first; \ + } + // Ugly macros to avoid uglier copy-paste when specializing basic_json. They // may be removed in the future once the class is split. diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp index f54e2485..5c2a58f7 100644 --- a/include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp +++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp @@ -1261,7 +1261,6 @@ class binary_writer /* @brief write a number to output input - @param[in] n number of type @a NumberType @tparam NumberType the type of the number @tparam OutputIsLittleEndian Set to true if output data is diff --git a/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp b/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp index 848329e7..d288086e 100644 --- a/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp +++ b/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp @@ -202,6 +202,37 @@ using json = basic_json<>; #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14 #endif +/*! +@brief macro to briefly define a mapping between an enum and JSON +@macro NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM +@since version 3.4.0 +*/ +#define NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(ENUM_TYPE, ...) \ + template \ + inline void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const ENUM_TYPE& e) \ + { \ + static_assert(std::is_enum::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!"); \ + static const std::pair m[] = __VA_ARGS__; \ + auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m), \ + [e](const std::pair& ej_pair) -> bool \ + { \ + return ej_pair.first == e; \ + }); \ + j = ((it != std::end(m)) ? it : std::begin(m))->second; \ + } \ + template \ + inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ENUM_TYPE& e) \ + { \ + static_assert(std::is_enum::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!"); \ + static const std::pair m[] = __VA_ARGS__; \ + auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m), \ + [j](const std::pair& ej_pair) -> bool \ + { \ + return ej_pair.second == j; \ + }); \ + e = ((it != std::end(m)) ? it : std::begin(m))->first; \ + } + // Ugly macros to avoid uglier copy-paste when specializing basic_json. They // may be removed in the future once the class is split. @@ -9549,7 +9580,6 @@ class binary_writer /* @brief write a number to output input - @param[in] n number of type @a NumberType @tparam NumberType the type of the number @tparam OutputIsLittleEndian Set to true if output data is diff --git a/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp b/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp index 8df21f3f..266282e9 100644 --- a/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp +++ b/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp @@ -1368,3 +1368,69 @@ TEST_CASE("value conversion") } } } + +enum class cards {kreuz, pik, herz, karo}; + +NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(cards, +{ + {cards::kreuz, "kreuz"}, + {cards::pik, "pik"}, + {cards::pik, "puk"}, // second entry for cards::puk; will not be used + {cards::herz, "herz"}, + {cards::karo, "karo"} +}); + +enum TaskState +{ + TS_STOPPED, + TS_RUNNING, + TS_COMPLETED, + TS_INVALID = -1, +}; + +NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(TaskState, +{ + {TS_INVALID, nullptr}, + {TS_STOPPED, "stopped"}, + {TS_RUNNING, "running"}, + {TS_COMPLETED, "completed"}, +}); + +TEST_CASE("JSON to enum mapping") +{ + SECTION("enum class") + { + // enum -> json + CHECK(json(cards::kreuz) == "kreuz"); + CHECK(json(cards::pik) == "pik"); + CHECK(json(cards::herz) == "herz"); + CHECK(json(cards::karo) == "karo"); + + // json -> enum + CHECK(cards::kreuz == json("kreuz")); + CHECK(cards::pik == json("pik")); + CHECK(cards::herz == json("herz")); + CHECK(cards::karo == json("karo")); + + // invalid json -> first enum + CHECK(cards::kreuz == json("what?").get()); + } + + SECTION("traditional enum") + { + // enum -> json + CHECK(json(TS_STOPPED) == "stopped"); + CHECK(json(TS_RUNNING) == "running"); + CHECK(json(TS_COMPLETED) == "completed"); + CHECK(json(TS_INVALID) == json()); + + // json -> enum + CHECK(TS_STOPPED == json("stopped")); + CHECK(TS_RUNNING == json("running")); + CHECK(TS_COMPLETED == json("completed")); + CHECK(TS_INVALID == json()); + + // invalid json -> first enum + CHECK(TS_INVALID == json("what?").get()); + } +}