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Merge branch 'release/3.1.0'

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Niels Lohmann 2018-02-02 00:05:55 +01:00
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8
.github/CONTRIBUTING.md vendored
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ To make it as easy as possible for you to contribute and for me to keep an overv
## Private reports
Usually, all issues are tracked publicly on [Github](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues). If you want to make a private report (e.g., for a vulnerability or to attach an example that is not meant to be publisheed), please send an email to <mail@nlohmann.me>.
Usually, all issues are tracked publicly on [GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues). If you want to make a private report (e.g., for a vulnerability or to attach an example that is not meant to be published), please send an email to <mail@nlohmann.me>.
## Prerequisites
@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ Please stick to the [issue template](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/devel
## Files to change
There are currently two files which need to be edited:
:exclamation: Before you make any changes, note the single-header file [`single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp) is **generated** from the source files in the [`include/nlohmann` directory](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include/nlohmann). Please **do not** edit file `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp` directly, but change the `include/nlohmann` sources and regenerate file `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp` by executing `make amalgamate`.
1. [`src/json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/src/json.hpp)
To make changes, you need to edit the following files:
1. [`include/nlohmann/*`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include/nlohmann) - These files are the sources of the library. Before testing or creating a pull request, execute `make amalgamate` to regenerate `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp`.
2. [`test/src/unit-*.cpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src) - These files contain the [Catch](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) unit tests which currently cover [100 %](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json) of the library's code.

3
.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md vendored
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@ -4,9 +4,12 @@
## Pull request checklist
Read the [Contribution Guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) for detailed information.
- [ ] Changes are described in the pull request, or an [existing issue is referenced](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues).
- [ ] The test suite [compiles and runs](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/README.md#execute-unit-tests) without error.
- [ ] [Code coverage](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json) is 100%. Test cases can be added by editing the [test suite](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src).
- [ ] The source code is amalgamated; that is, after making changes to the sources in the `include/nlohmann` directory, run `make amalgamate` to create the single-header file `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp`. The whole process is described [here](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#files-to-change).
## Please don't

22
.travis.yml
View file

@ -74,6 +74,20 @@ matrix:
sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
packages: ['g++-4.9', 'ninja-build']
# check amalgamation
- os: linux
compiler: gcc
env:
- COMPILER=g++-4.9
- SPECIAL=amalgamation
- CMAKE_OPTIONS=-DJSON_MultipleHeader=ON
addons:
apt:
sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
packages: ['g++-4.9', 'astyle', 'ninja-build']
after_success:
- make check-amalgamation
# Coveralls (http://gronlier.fr/blog/2015/01/adding-code-coverage-to-your-c-project/)
- os: linux
@ -277,11 +291,3 @@ script:
- cmake .. ${CMAKE_OPTIONS} -GNinja && cmake --build . --config Release
- ctest -C Release -V -j
- cd ..
# check if homebrew works (only checks develop branch)
- if [ `which brew` ]; then
brew update ;
brew tap nlohmann/json ;
brew install nlohmann_json --HEAD ;
brew test nlohmann_json ;
fi

25
CMakeLists.txt
View file

@ -4,27 +4,38 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)
## PROJECT
## name and version
##
project(nlohmann_json VERSION 3.0.1 LANGUAGES CXX)
project(nlohmann_json VERSION 3.1.0 LANGUAGES CXX)
##
## INCLUDE
##
##
include(ExternalProject)
##
## OPTIONS
##
option(JSON_BuildTests "Build the unit tests when BUILD_TESTING is enabled." ON)
option(JSON_MultipleHeaders "Use non-amalgamated version of the library." OFF)
##
## CONFIGURATION
##
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_SOURCE_DIR "src/")
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR "lib/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}")
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR "include")
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR "${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR}/nlohmann")
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME "${PROJECT_NAME}Targets")
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_TEMPLATE "cmake/config.cmake.in")
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake_config")
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_VERSION_CONFIG_FILE "${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake")
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE "${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake")
if (JSON_MultipleHeaders)
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/")
else()
set(NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/")
endif()
##
## TARGET
## create target and add include path
@ -34,7 +45,7 @@ add_library(${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE)
target_include_directories(
${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
INTERFACE
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src>
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR}>
$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>
)
@ -58,7 +69,6 @@ include(CTest) #adds option BUILD_TESTING (default ON)
if(BUILD_TESTING AND JSON_BuildTests)
enable_testing()
include_directories(${NLOHMANN_JSON_SOURCE_DIR})
add_subdirectory(test)
endif()
@ -75,9 +85,10 @@ configure_package_config_file(
${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE}
INSTALL_DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR}
)
install(
DIRECTORY ${NLOHMANN_JSON_SOURCE_DIR}
DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR}
DIRECTORY ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR}
DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR}
)
install(
FILES ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE} ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_VERSION_CONFIG_FILE}

65
ChangeLog.md
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@ -1,6 +1,69 @@
# Change Log
All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
## [v3.1.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.1.0) (2018-02-01)
[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.0.1...v3.1.0)
- I have a proposal [\#949](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/949)
- VERSION define\(s\) [\#948](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/948)
- v3.0.1 compile error in icc 16.0.4 [\#947](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/947)
- Use in VS2017 15.5.5 [\#946](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/946)
- Process for reporting Security Bugs? [\#945](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/945)
- Please expose a NLOHMANN\_JSON\_VERSION macro [\#943](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/943)
- Change header include directory to nlohmann/json [\#942](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/942)
- string\_type in binary\_reader [\#941](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/941)
- compile error with clang 5.0 -std=c++1z and no string\_view [\#939](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/939)
- Allow overriding JSON\_THROW to something else than abort\(\) [\#938](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/938)
- Handle invalid string in Json file [\#937](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/937)
- Unused variable 'kMinExp' [\#935](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/935)
- test [\#934](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/934)
- yytext is already defined [\#933](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/933)
- Equality operator fails [\#931](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/931)
- use in visual studio 2015 [\#929](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/929)
- Relative includes of json\_fwd.hpp in detail/meta.hpp. \[Develop branch\] [\#928](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/928)
- GCC 7.x issue [\#926](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/926)
- json\_fwd.hpp not installed [\#923](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/923)
- Use Google Benchmarks [\#921](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/921)
- Move class json\_pointer to separate file [\#920](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/920)
- Unable to locate 'to\_json\(\)' and 'from\_json\(\)' methods in the same namespace [\#917](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/917)
- \[answered\]Read key1 from .value example [\#914](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/914)
- Don't use `define private public` in test files [\#913](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/913)
- value\(\) template argument type deduction [\#912](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/912)
- Installation path is incorrect [\#910](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/910)
- H [\#909](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/909)
- Build failure using clang 5 [\#908](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/908)
- Amalgate [\#907](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/907)
- Update documentation and tests wrt. split headers [\#906](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/906)
- Lib not working on ubuntu 16.04 [\#905](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/905)
- Problem when writing to file. [\#904](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/904)
- C2864 error when compiling with VS2015 and VS 2017 [\#903](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/903)
- \[json.exception.type\_error.304\] cannot use at\(\) with object [\#902](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/902)
- How do I forward nlohmann::json declaration? [\#899](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/899)
- How to effectively store binary data? [\#898](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/898)
- How to get the length of a JSON string without retrieving its std::string? [\#897](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/897)
- Regression Tests Failure using "ctest" [\#887](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/887)
- Discuss: add JSON Merge Patch \(RFC 7396\)? [\#877](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/877)
- Discuss: replace static "iterator\_wrapper" function with "items" member function [\#874](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/874)
- Make optional user-data available in from\_json [\#864](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/864)
- Casting to std::string not working in VS2015 [\#861](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/861)
- Sequential reading of JSON arrays [\#851](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/851)
- Idea: Handle Multimaps Better [\#816](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/816)
- Floating point rounding [\#777](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/777)
- Loss of precision when serializing \<double\> [\#360](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/360)
- Templatize std::string in binary\_reader \#941 [\#950](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/950) ([kaidokert](https://github.com/kaidokert))
- fix cmake install directory \(for real this time\) [\#944](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/944) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
- Allow overriding THROW/CATCH/TRY macros with no-exceptions \#938 [\#940](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/940) ([kaidokert](https://github.com/kaidokert))
- Removed compiler warning about unused variable 'kMinExp' [\#936](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/936) ([zerodefect](https://github.com/zerodefect))
- Fix a typo in README.md [\#930](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/930) ([Pipeliner](https://github.com/Pipeliner))
- Howto installation of json\_fwd.hpp \(fixes \#923\) [\#925](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/925) ([zerodefect](https://github.com/zerodefect))
- fix sfinae on basic\_json UDT constructor [\#919](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/919) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
- Floating-point formatting [\#915](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/915) ([abolz](https://github.com/abolz))
- Fix/cmake install [\#911](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/911) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
- fix link to the documentation of the emplace function [\#900](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/900) ([Dobiasd](https://github.com/Dobiasd))
- JSON Merge Patch \(RFC 7396\) [\#876](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/876) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
- Refactor/split it [\#700](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/700) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
## [v3.0.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.0.1) (2017-12-29)
[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.0.0...v3.0.1)
@ -653,7 +716,7 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This projec
- Compilation error. [\#273](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/273)
- dump\(\) performance degradation in v2 [\#272](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/272)
- fixed a tiny typo [\#271](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/271) ([thelostt](https://github.com/thelostt))
- fixed a tiny typo [\#271](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/271) ([feroldi](https://github.com/feroldi))
## [v2.0.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.0) (2016-06-23)
[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v1.1.0...v2.0.0)

2
LICENSE.MIT
View file

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Niels Lohmann
Copyright (c) 2013-2018 Niels Lohmann
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

75
Makefile
View file

@ -1,8 +1,42 @@
.PHONY: pretty clean ChangeLog.md
SRCS = include/nlohmann/json.hpp \
include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp \
include/nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iter_impl.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iteration_proxy.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/json_reverse_iterator.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/json_ref.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/meta.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/output/serializer.hpp \
include/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp
UNAME = $(shell uname)
CXX=clang++
AMALGAMATED_FILE=single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
# main target
all:
@echo "amalgamate - amalgamate file single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp from the include/nlohmann sources"
@echo "ChangeLog.md - generate ChangeLog file"
@echo "check - compile and execute test suite"
@echo "check-amalgamation - check whether sources have been amalgamated"
@echo "check-fast - compile and execute test suite (skip long-running tests)"
@echo "clean - remove built files"
@echo "coverage - create coverage information with lcov"
@ -11,12 +45,12 @@ all:
@echo "fuzz_testing - prepare fuzz testing of the JSON parser"
@echo "fuzz_testing_cbor - prepare fuzz testing of the CBOR parser"
@echo "fuzz_testing_msgpack - prepare fuzz testing of the MessagePack parser"
@echo "fuzz_testing_ubjson - prepare fuzz testing of the UBJSON parser"
@echo "json_unit - create single-file test executable"
@echo "pedantic_clang - run Clang with maximal warning flags"
@echo "pedantic_gcc - run GCC with maximal warning flags"
@echo "pretty - beautify code with Artistic Style"
##########################################################################
# unit tests
##########################################################################
@ -39,7 +73,6 @@ clean:
rm -fr build_coverage
$(MAKE) clean -Cdoc
$(MAKE) clean -Ctest
$(MAKE) clean -Cbenchmarks
##########################################################################
@ -50,7 +83,7 @@ coverage:
mkdir build_coverage
cd build_coverage ; CXX=g++-5 cmake .. -GNinja -DJSON_Coverage=ON
cd build_coverage ; ninja
cd build_coverage ; ctest
cd build_coverage ; ctest -j10
cd build_coverage ; ninja lcov_html
open build_coverage/test/html/index.html
@ -74,7 +107,7 @@ doctest:
# -Wno-keyword-macro: unit-tests use "#define private public"
# -Wno-deprecated-declarations: the library deprecated some functions
# -Wno-weak-vtables: exception class is defined inline, but has virtual method
# -Wno-range-loop-analysis: iterator_wrapper tests "for(const auto i...)"
# -Wno-range-loop-analysis: items tests "for(const auto i...)"
# -Wno-float-equal: not all comparisons in the tests can be replaced by Approx
# -Wno-switch-enum -Wno-covered-switch-default: pedantic/contradicting warnings about switches
# -Wno-padded: padding is nothing to warn about
@ -184,6 +217,14 @@ fuzz_testing_msgpack:
find test/data -size -5k -name *.msgpack | xargs -I{} cp "{}" fuzz-testing/testcases
@echo "Execute: afl-fuzz -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer"
fuzz_testing_ubjson:
rm -fr fuzz-testing
mkdir -p fuzz-testing fuzz-testing/testcases fuzz-testing/out
$(MAKE) parse_ubjson_fuzzer -C test CXX=afl-clang++
mv test/parse_ubjson_fuzzer fuzz-testing/fuzzer
find test/data -size -5k -name *.ubjson | xargs -I{} cp "{}" fuzz-testing/testcases
@echo "Execute: afl-fuzz -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer"
fuzzing-start:
afl-fuzz -S fuzzer1 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer > /dev/null &
afl-fuzz -S fuzzer2 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer > /dev/null &
@ -204,7 +245,7 @@ fuzzing-stop:
# call cppcheck on the main header file
cppcheck:
cppcheck --enable=warning --inconclusive --force --std=c++11 src/json.hpp --error-exitcode=1
cppcheck --enable=warning --inconclusive --force --std=c++11 $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) --error-exitcode=1
##########################################################################
@ -218,9 +259,31 @@ pretty:
--indent-col1-comments --pad-oper --pad-header --align-pointer=type \
--align-reference=type --add-brackets --convert-tabs --close-templates \
--lineend=linux --preserve-date --suffix=none --formatted \
src/json.hpp test/src/*.cpp \
$(SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) test/src/*.cpp \
benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp doc/examples/*.cpp
# create single header file
amalgamate: $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
$(AMALGAMATED_FILE): $(SRCS)
third_party/amalgamate/amalgamate.py -c third_party/amalgamate/config.json -s . --verbose=yes
$(MAKE) pretty
# check if single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp has been amalgamated from the nlohmann sources
check-amalgamation:
@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~
@$(MAKE) amalgamate
@diff $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ || (echo "===================================================================\n Amalgamation required! Please read the contribution guidelines\n in file .github/CONTRIBUTING.md.\n===================================================================" ; mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) ; false)
@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
# check if every header in nlohmann includes sufficient headers to be compiled
# individually
check-single-includes:
for x in $(SRCS); do \
echo "#include <$$x>\nint main() {}\n" | sed 's|include/||' > single_include_test.cpp; \
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -Iinclude -std=c++11 single_include_test.cpp -o single_include_test; \
rm single_include_test.cpp single_include_test; \
done
##########################################################################
# changelog

102
README.md
View file

@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
[![Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json)
[![Coverity Scan Build Status](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/5550/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json)
[![Codacy Badge](https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/f3732b3327e34358a0e9d1fe9f661f08)](https://www.codacy.com/app/nlohmann/json?utm_source=github.com&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=nlohmann/json&amp;utm_campaign=Badge_Grade)
[![Try online](https://img.shields.io/badge/try-online-blue.svg)](https://wandbox.org/permlink/Op57X0V7fTf2tdwl)
[![Try online](https://img.shields.io/badge/try-online-blue.svg)](https://wandbox.org/permlink/VHpbaZBOnrZcbn7j)
[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-doxygen-blue.svg)](http://nlohmann.github.io/json)
[![GitHub license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nlohmann/json/master/LICENSE.MIT)
[![Github Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/release/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases)
[![Github Issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/nlohmann/json.svg)](http://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues)
[![GitHub Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/release/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases)
[![GitHub Issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/nlohmann/json.svg)](http://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues)
[![Average time to resolve an issue](http://isitmaintained.com/badge/resolution/nlohmann/json.svg)](http://isitmaintained.com/project/nlohmann/json "Average time to resolve an issue")
[![CII Best Practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289/badge)](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289)
@ -21,9 +21,10 @@
- [STL-like access](#stl-like-access)
- [Conversion from STL containers](#conversion-from-stl-containers)
- [JSON Pointer and JSON Patch](#json-pointer-and-json-patch)
- [JSON Merge Patch](#json-merge-patch)
- [Implicit conversions](#implicit-conversions)
- [Conversions to/from arbitrary types](#arbitrary-types-conversions)
- [Binary formats (CBOR and MessagePack)](#binary-formats-cbor-and-messagepack)
- [Binary formats (CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON)](#binary-formats-cbor-messagepack-and-ubjson)
- [Supported compilers](#supported-compilers)
- [License](#license)
- [Contact](#contact)
@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ There are myriads of [JSON](http://json.org) libraries out there, and each may e
- **Intuitive syntax**. In languages such as Python, JSON feels like a first class data type. We used all the operator magic of modern C++ to achieve the same feeling in your code. Check out the [examples below](#examples) and you'll know what I mean.
- **Trivial integration**. Our whole code consists of a single header file [`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/src/json.hpp). That's it. No library, no subproject, no dependencies, no complex build system. The class is written in vanilla C++11. All in all, everything should require no adjustment of your compiler flags or project settings.
- **Trivial integration**. Our whole code consists of a single header file [`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp). That's it. No library, no subproject, no dependencies, no complex build system. The class is written in vanilla C++11. All in all, everything should require no adjustment of your compiler flags or project settings.
- **Serious testing**. Our class is heavily [unit-tested](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/test/src/unit.cpp) and covers [100%](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json) of the code, including all exceptional behavior. Furthermore, we checked with [Valgrind](http://valgrind.org) that there are no memory leaks. To maintain high quality, the project is following the [Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII) best practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289).
@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ See the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/.
## Integration
The single required source, file `json.hpp` is in the `src` directory or [released here](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases). All you need to do is add
The single required source, file `json.hpp` is in the `single_include/nlohmann` directory or [released here](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases). All you need to do is add
```cpp
#include "json.hpp"
@ -65,20 +66,26 @@ using json = nlohmann::json;
to the files you want to use JSON objects. That's it. Do not forget to set the necessary switches to enable C++11 (e.g., `-std=c++11` for GCC and Clang).
You can further use file [`include/json_fwd.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/develop/json_fwd.hpp) for forward-declarations. The installation of json_fwd.hpp (as part of cmake's install step), can be achieved by setting `-DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON`:
### Package Managers
:beer: If you are using OS X and [Homebrew](http://brew.sh), just type `brew tap nlohmann/json` and `brew install nlohmann_json` and you're set. If you want the bleeding edge rather than the latest release, use `brew install nlohmann_json --HEAD`.
If you are using the [Meson Build System](http://mesonbuild.com), then you can wrap this repo as a subproject.
If you are using the [Meson Build System](http://mesonbuild.com), then you can wrap this repository as a subproject.
If you are using [Conan](https://www.conan.io/) to manage your dependencies, merely add `jsonformoderncpp/x.y.z@vthiery/stable` to your `conanfile.py`'s requires, where `x.y.z` is the release version you want to use. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/vthiery/conan-jsonformoderncpp/issues) if you experience problems with the packages.
If you are using [hunter](https://github.com/ruslo/hunter/) on your project for external dependencies, then you can use the [nlohmann_json package](https://docs.hunter.sh/en/latest/packages/pkg/nlohmann_json.html). Please see the hunter project for any issues regarding the packaging.
If you are using [Buckaroo](https://buckaroo.pm), you can install this library's module with `buckaroo install nlohmann/json`. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/LoopPerfect/buckaroo-recipes/issues/new?title=nlohmann/nlohmann/json).
If you are using [vcpkg](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/) on your project for external dependencies, then you can use the [nlohmann-json package](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/ports/nlohmann-json). Please see the vcpkg project for any issues regarding the packaging.
## Examples
Beside the examples below, you may want to check the [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) where each function contains a separate code example (e.g., check out [`emplace()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a602f275f0359ab181221384989810604.html#a602f275f0359ab181221384989810604)). All [example files](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/doc/examples) can be compiled and executed on their own (e.g., file [emplace.cpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/examples/emplace.cpp)).
Beside the examples below, you may want to check the [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) where each function contains a separate code example (e.g., check out [`emplace()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5338e282d1d02bed389d852dd670d98d.html#a5338e282d1d02bed389d852dd670d98d)). All [example files](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/doc/examples) can be compiled and executed on their own (e.g., file [emplace.cpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/examples/emplace.cpp)).
### JSON as first-class data type
@ -450,6 +457,37 @@ json::diff(j_result, j_original);
// ]
```
### JSON Merge Patch
The library supports **JSON Merge Patch** ([RFC 7386](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7386)) as a patch format. Instead of using JSON Pointer (see above) to specify values to be manipulated, it describes the changes using a syntax that closely mimics the document being modified.
```cpp
// a JSON value
json j_document = R"({
"a": "b",
"c": {
"d": "e",
"f": "g"
}
})"_json;
// a patch
json j_patch = R"({
"a":"z",
"c": {
"f": null
}
})"_json;
// apply the patch
j_original.merge_patch(j_patch);
// {
// "a": "z",
// "c": {
// "d": "e"
// }
// }
```
### Implicit conversions
@ -709,9 +747,9 @@ struct bad_serializer
};
```
### Binary formats (CBOR and MessagePack)
### Binary formats (CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON)
Though JSON is a ubiquitous data format, it is not a very compact format suitable for data exchange, for instance over a network. Hence, the library supports [CBOR](http://cbor.io) (Concise Binary Object Representation) and [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org) to efficiently encode JSON values to byte vectors and to decode such vectors.
Though JSON is a ubiquitous data format, it is not a very compact format suitable for data exchange, for instance over a network. Hence, the library supports [CBOR](http://cbor.io) (Concise Binary Object Representation), [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org), and [UBJSON](http://ubjson.org) (Universal Binary JSON Specification) to efficiently encode JSON values to byte vectors and to decode such vectors.
```cpp
// create a JSON value
@ -720,7 +758,7 @@ json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": 0})"_json;
// serialize to CBOR
std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_cbor = json::to_cbor(j);
// 0xa2, 0x67, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0xf5, 0x66, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x00
// 0xA2, 0x67, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0xF5, 0x66, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x00
// roundtrip
json j_from_cbor = json::from_cbor(v_cbor);
@ -728,16 +766,24 @@ json j_from_cbor = json::from_cbor(v_cbor);
// serialize to MessagePack
std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_msgpack = json::to_msgpack(j);
// 0x82, 0xa7, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0xc3, 0xa6, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x00
// 0x82, 0xA7, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0xC3, 0xA6, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x00
// roundtrip
json j_from_msgpack = json::from_msgpack(v_msgpack);
// serialize to UBJSON
std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_ubjson = json::to_ubjson(j);
// 0x7B, 0x69, 0x07, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x54, 0x69, 0x06, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x00, 0x7D
// roundtrip
json j_from_ubjson = json::from_ubjson(v_ubjson);
```
## Supported compilers
Though it's 2017 already, the support for C++11 is still a bit sparse. Currently, the following compilers are known to work:
Though it's 2018 already, the support for C++11 is still a bit sparse. Currently, the following compilers are known to work:
- GCC 4.9 - 7.2 (and possibly later)
- Clang 3.4 - 5.0 (and possibly later)
@ -795,7 +841,7 @@ The following compilers are currently used in continuous integration at [Travis]
The class is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT):
Copyright &copy; 2013-2017 [Niels Lohmann](http://nlohmann.me)
Copyright &copy; 2013-2018 [Niels Lohmann](http://nlohmann.me)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
@ -807,9 +853,11 @@ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR I
The class contains the UTF-8 Decoder from Bjoern Hoehrmann which is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2008-2009 [Björn Hoehrmann](http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/) <bjoern@hoehrmann.de>
The class contains a slightly modified version of the Grisu2 algorithm from Florian Loitsch which is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2009 [Florian Loitsch](http://florian.loitsch.com/)
## Contact
If you have questions regarding the library, I would like to invite you to [open an issue at Github](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new). Please describe your request, problem, or question as detailed as possible, and also mention the version of the library you are using as well as the version of your compiler and operating system. Opening an issue at Github allows other users and contributors to this library to collaborate. For instance, I have little experience with MSVC, and most issues in this regard have been solved by a growing community. If you have a look at the [closed issues](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed), you will see that we react quite timely in most cases.
If you have questions regarding the library, I would like to invite you to [open an issue at GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new). Please describe your request, problem, or question as detailed as possible, and also mention the version of the library you are using as well as the version of your compiler and operating system. Opening an issue at GitHub allows other users and contributors to this library to collaborate. For instance, I have little experience with MSVC, and most issues in this regard have been solved by a growing community. If you have a look at the [closed issues](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed), you will see that we react quite timely in most cases.
Only if your request would contain confidential information, please [send me an email](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me). For encrypted messages, please use [this key](https://keybase.io/nlohmann/pgp_keys.asc).
@ -847,7 +895,7 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
- [Corbin Hughes](https://github.com/nibroc) fixed some typos in the contribution guidelines.
- [twelsby](https://github.com/twelsby) fixed the array subscript operator, an issue that failed the MSVC build, and floating-point parsing/dumping. He further added support for unsigned integer numbers and implemented better roundtrip support for parsed numbers.
- [Volker Diels-Grabsch](https://github.com/vog) fixed a link in the README file.
- [msm-](https://github.com/msm-) added support for american fuzzy lop.
- [msm-](https://github.com/msm-) added support for American Fuzzy Lop.
- [Annihil](https://github.com/Annihil) fixed an example in the README file.
- [Themercee](https://github.com/Themercee) noted a wrong URL in the README file.
- [Lv Zheng](https://github.com/lv-zheng) fixed a namespace issue with `int64_t` and `uint64_t`.
@ -860,7 +908,7 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
- [duncanwerner](https://github.com/duncanwerner) found a really embarrassing performance regression in the 2.0.0 release.
- [Damien](https://github.com/dtoma) fixed one of the last conversion warnings.
- [Thomas Braun](https://github.com/t-b) fixed a warning in a test case.
- [Théo DELRIEU](https://github.com/theodelrieu) patiently and constructively oversaw the long way toward [iterator-range parsing](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/290). He also implemented the magic behind the serialization/deserialization of user-defined types.
- [Théo DELRIEU](https://github.com/theodelrieu) patiently and constructively oversaw the long way toward [iterator-range parsing](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/290). He also implemented the magic behind the serialization/deserialization of user-defined types and split the single header file into smaller chunks.
- [Stefan](https://github.com/5tefan) fixed a minor issue in the documentation.
- [Vasil Dimov](https://github.com/vasild) fixed the documentation regarding conversions from `std::multiset`.
- [ChristophJud](https://github.com/ChristophJud) overworked the CMake files to ease project inclusion.
@ -893,7 +941,7 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
- [Vincent Thiery](https://github.com/vthiery) maintains a package for the Conan package manager.
- [Steffen](https://github.com/koemeet) fixed a potential issue with MSVC and `std::min`.
- [Mike Tzou](https://github.com/Chocobo1) fixed some typos.
- [amrcode](https://github.com/amrcode) noted a missleading documentation about comparison of floats.
- [amrcode](https://github.com/amrcode) noted a misleading documentation about comparison of floats.
- [Oleg Endo](https://github.com/olegendo) reduced the memory consumption by replacing `<iostream>` with `<iosfwd>`.
- [dan-42](https://github.com/dan-42) cleaned up the CMake files to simplify including/reusing of the library.
- [Nikita Ofitserov](https://github.com/himikof) allowed for moving values from initializer lists.
@ -910,13 +958,17 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
- [Nate Vargas](https://github.com/eld00d) added a Doxygen tag file.
- [pvleuven](https://github.com/pvleuven) helped fixing a warning in ICC.
- [Pavel](https://github.com/crea7or) helped fixing some warnings in MSVC.
- [Jamie Seward](https://github.com/jseward) avoided unneccessary string copies in `find()` and `count()`.
- [Jamie Seward](https://github.com/jseward) avoided unnecessary string copies in `find()` and `count()`.
- [Mitja](https://github.com/Itja) fixed some typos.
- [Jorrit Wronski](https://github.com/jowr) updated the Hunter package links.
- [Matthias Möller](https://github.com/TinyTinni) added a `.natvis` for the MSVC debug view.
- [bogemic](https://github.com/bogemic) fixed some C++17 deprecation warnings.
- [Eren Okka](https://github.com/erengy) fixed some MSVC warnings.
- [abolz](https://github.com/abolz) integrated the Grisu2 algorithm for proper floating-point formatting, allowing more roundtrip checks to succeed.
- [Vadim Evard](https://github.com/Pipeliner) fixed a Markdown issue in the README.
- [zerodefect](https://github.com/zerodefect) fixed a compiler warning.
- [Kert](https://github.com/kaidokert) allowed to template the string type in the serialization and added the possibility to override the exceptional behavior.
- [mark-99](https://github.com/mark-99) helped fixing an ICC error.
Thanks a lot for helping out! Please [let me know](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me) if I forgot someone.
@ -925,10 +977,10 @@ Thanks a lot for helping out! Please [let me know](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me) if I
The library itself contains of a single header file licensed under the MIT license. However, it is built, tested, documented, and whatnot using a lot of third-party tools and services. Thanks a lot!
- [**amalgamate.py - Amalgamate C source and header files**](https://github.com/edlund/amalgamate) to create a single header file
- [**American fuzzy lop**](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/) for fuzz testing
- [**AppVeyor**](https://www.appveyor.com) for [continuous integration](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json) on Windows
- [**Artistic Style**](http://astyle.sourceforge.net) for automatic source code identation
- [**benchpress**](https://github.com/sbs-ableton/benchpress) to benchmark the code
- [**Catch**](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) for the unit tests
- [**Clang**](http://clang.llvm.org) for compilation with code sanitizers
- [**Cmake**](https://cmake.org) for build automation
@ -936,17 +988,17 @@ The library itself contains of a single header file licensed under the MIT licen
- [**Coveralls**](https://coveralls.io) to measure [code coverage](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json)
- [**Coverity Scan**](https://scan.coverity.com) for [static analysis](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json)
- [**cppcheck**](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net) for static analysis
- [**cxxopts**](https://github.com/jarro2783/cxxopts) to let benchpress parse command-line parameters
- [**Doxygen**](http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/) to generate [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/)
- [**git-update-ghpages**](https://github.com/rstacruz/git-update-ghpages) to upload the documentation to gh-pages
- [**Github Changelog Generator**](https://github.com/skywinder/github-changelog-generator) to generate the [ChangeLog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/ChangeLog.md)
- [**GitHub Changelog Generator**](https://github.com/skywinder/github-changelog-generator) to generate the [ChangeLog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/ChangeLog.md)
- [**Google Benchmark**](https://github.com/google/benchmark) to implement the benchmarks
- [**libFuzzer**](http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html) to implement fuzz testing for OSS-Fuzz
- [**OSS-Fuzz**](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz) for continuous fuzz testing of the library
- [**OSS-Fuzz**](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz) for continuous fuzz testing of the library ([project repository](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json))
- [**Probot**](https://probot.github.io) for automating maintainer tasks such as closing stale issues, requesting missing information, or detecting toxic comments.
- [**send_to_wandbox**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/scripts/send_to_wandbox.py) to send code examples to [Wandbox](http://melpon.org/wandbox)
- [**Travis**](https://travis-ci.org) for [continuous integration](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json) on Linux and macOS
- [**Valgrind**](http://valgrind.org) to check for correct memory management
- [**Wandbox**](http://melpon.org/wandbox) for [online examples](https://wandbox.org/permlink/Op57X0V7fTf2tdwl)
- [**Wandbox**](http://melpon.org/wandbox) for [online examples](https://wandbox.org/permlink/VHpbaZBOnrZcbn7j)
## Projects using JSON for Modern C++

26
benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
project(JSON_Benchmarks LANGUAGES CXX)
# set compiler flags
if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES GNU) OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES Clang))
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11 -flto -DNDEBUG -O3")
endif()
# configure Google Benchmarks
set(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING OFF CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
add_subdirectory(thirdparty/benchmark)
# header directories
include_directories(thirdparty)
include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../single_include)
# copy test files to build folder
file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/data DESTINATION .)
file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../test/data/regression/floats.json
${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../test/data/regression/unsigned_ints.json
${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../test/data/regression/signed_ints.json
DESTINATION data/numbers)
# benchmark binary
add_executable(json_benchmarks src/benchmarks.cpp)
target_link_libraries(json_benchmarks benchmark ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})

21
benchmarks/Makefile
View file

@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
#
# Build/run json.hpp benchmarks, eg. CXX=g++-7 make
#
# The existing json_benchmarks did not allow optimization under some compilers
#
all: json_benchmarks json_benchmarks_simple number_jsons
bash -c 'time ./json_benchmarks'
bash -c 'time ./json_benchmarks_simple'
json_benchmarks: src/benchmarks.cpp ../src/json.hpp
$(CXX) -std=c++11 -pthread $(CXXFLAGS) -DNDEBUG -O3 -flto -I thirdparty/benchpress -I thirdparty/cxxopts -I../src src/benchmarks.cpp $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
json_benchmarks_simple: src/benchmarks_simple.cpp ../src/json.hpp
$(CXX) -std=c++11 $(CXXFLAGS) -DNDEBUG -O3 -flto -I../src $(<) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
number_jsons:
(test -e files/numbers/floats.json -a -e files/numbers/signed_ints.json -a -e files/numbers/unsigned_ints.json) || (cd files/numbers ; python generate.py)
clean:
rm -f json_benchmarks json_benchmarks_simple files/numbers/*.json

3
benchmarks/README.md
View file

@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
# Bechmarks
Run `make` to compile and run a small set of benchmarks.

0
benchmarks/files/jeopardy/jeopardy.json → benchmarks/data/jeopardy/jeopardy.json
View file

0
benchmarks/files/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json → benchmarks/data/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json
View file

0
benchmarks/files/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json → benchmarks/data/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json
View file

0
benchmarks/files/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json → benchmarks/data/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json
View file

25
benchmarks/files/numbers/generate.py
View file

@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python
import json
import random
import sys
random.seed(0)
# floats
result_floats = []
for x in range(0, 1000000):
result_floats.append(random.uniform(-100000000.0, 100000000.0))
json.dump(result_floats, open("floats.json", "w"), indent=2)
# unsigned integers
result_uints = []
for x in range(0, 1000000):
result_uints.append(random.randint(0, 18446744073709551615))
json.dump(result_uints, open("unsigned_ints.json", "w"), indent=2)
# signed integers
result_sints = []
for x in range(0, 1000000):
result_sints.append(random.randint(-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807))
json.dump(result_sints, open("signed_ints.json", "w"), indent=2)

196
benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp
View file

@ -1,132 +1,106 @@
#define BENCHPRESS_CONFIG_MAIN
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <benchpress.hpp>
#include <json.hpp>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <thread>
using json = nlohmann::json;
struct StartUp
{
StartUp()
{
#ifndef __llvm__
// pin thread to a single CPU
cpu_set_t cpuset;
pthread_t thread;
thread = pthread_self();
CPU_ZERO(&cpuset);
CPU_SET(std::thread::hardware_concurrency() - 1, &cpuset);
pthread_setaffinity_np(thread, sizeof(cpu_set_t), &cpuset);
#endif
}
};
StartUp startup;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// parse JSON from file
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
enum class EMode { input, output_no_indent, output_with_indent };
static void ParseFile(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename)
{
while (state.KeepRunning())
{
state.PauseTiming();
auto* f = new std::ifstream(filename);
auto* j = new json();
state.ResumeTiming();
static void bench(benchpress::context& ctx,
const std::string& in_path,
const EMode mode)
{
// using string streams for benchmarking to factor-out cold-cache disk
// access.
#if defined( FROMFILE )
std::ifstream istr;
{
istr.open( in_path, std::ifstream::in );
*j = json::parse(*f);
// read the stream once
json j;
istr >> j;
// clear flags and rewind
istr.clear();
istr.seekg(0);
}
#else
std::stringstream istr;
{
// read file into string stream
std::ifstream input_file(in_path);
istr << input_file.rdbuf();
input_file.close();
// read the stream once
json j;
istr >> j;
// clear flags and rewind
istr.clear();
istr.seekg(0);
}
#endif
switch (mode)
{
// benchmarking input
case EMode::input:
{
ctx.reset_timer();
for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx.num_iterations(); ++i)
{
// clear flags and rewind
istr.clear();
istr.seekg(0);
json j;
istr >> j;
state.PauseTiming();
delete f;
delete j;
state.ResumeTiming();
}
break;
std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * file.tellg());
}
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, jeopardy, "data/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, canada, "data/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, citm_catalog, "data/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, twitter, "data/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, floats, "data/numbers/floats.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, signed_ints, "data/numbers/signed_ints.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, unsigned_ints, "data/numbers/unsigned_ints.json");
// benchmarking output
case EMode::output_no_indent:
case EMode::output_with_indent:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// parse JSON from string
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
static void ParseString(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename)
{
// create JSON value from input
json j;
istr >> j;
std::stringstream ostr;
std::ifstream f(filename);
std::string str((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(f)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
ctx.reset_timer();
for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx.num_iterations(); ++i)
while (state.KeepRunning())
{
if (mode == EMode::output_no_indent)
state.PauseTiming();
auto* j = new json();
state.ResumeTiming();
*j = json::parse(str);
state.PauseTiming();
delete j;
state.ResumeTiming();
}
state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * str.size());
}
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, jeopardy, "data/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, canada, "data/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, citm_catalog, "data/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, twitter, "data/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, floats, "data/numbers/floats.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, signed_ints, "data/numbers/signed_ints.json");
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, unsigned_ints, "data/numbers/unsigned_ints.json");
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// serialize JSON
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
static void Dump(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename, int indent)
{
ostr << j;
}
else
std::ifstream f(filename);
std::string str((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(f)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
json j = json::parse(str);
while (state.KeepRunning())
{
ostr << std::setw(4) << j;
j.dump(indent);
}
// reset data
ostr.str(std::string());
state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * j.dump(indent).size());
}
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, jeopardy / -, "data/jeopardy/jeopardy.json", -1);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, jeopardy / 4, "data/jeopardy/jeopardy.json", 4);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, canada / -, "data/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json", -1);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, canada / 4, "data/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json", 4);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, citm_catalog / -, "data/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json", -1);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, citm_catalog / 4, "data/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json", 4);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, twitter / -, "data/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json", -1);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, twitter / 4, "data/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json", 4);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, floats / -, "data/numbers/floats.json", -1);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, floats / 4, "data/numbers/floats.json", 4);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, signed_ints / -, "data/numbers/signed_ints.json", -1);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, signed_ints / 4, "data/numbers/signed_ints.json", 4);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, unsigned_ints / -, "data/numbers/unsigned_ints.json", -1);
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, unsigned_ints / 4, "data/numbers/unsigned_ints.json", 4);
break;
}
}
}
#define BENCHMARK_I(mode, title, in_path) \
BENCHMARK((title), [](benchpress::context* ctx) \
{ \
bench(*ctx, (in_path), (mode)); \
})
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::input, "parse jeopardy.json", "files/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::input, "parse canada.json", "files/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::input, "parse citm_catalog.json", "files/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::input, "parse twitter.json", "files/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::input, "parse numbers/floats.json", "files/numbers/floats.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::input, "parse numbers/signed_ints.json", "files/numbers/signed_ints.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::input, "parse numbers/unsigned_ints.json", "files/numbers/unsigned_ints.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::output_no_indent, "dump jeopardy.json", "files/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::output_with_indent, "dump jeopardy.json with indent", "files/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::output_no_indent, "dump numbers/floats.json", "files/numbers/floats.json");
BENCHMARK_I(EMode::output_no_indent, "dump numbers/signed_ints.json", "files/numbers/signed_ints.json");
BENCHMARK_MAIN();

158
benchmarks/src/benchmarks_simple.cpp
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@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
//
// benchmarks_simple.cpp -- a less complex version of benchmarks.cpp, that better reflects actual performance
//
// For some reason, the complexity of benchmarks.cpp doesn't allow
// the compiler to optimize code using json.hpp effectively. The
// exact same tests, with the use of benchpress and cxxopts produces
// much faster code, at least under g++.
//
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <list>
#include <tuple>
#include <json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
enum class EMode { input, output, indent };
static double bench(const EMode mode, size_t iters, const std::string& in_path )
{
// using string streams for benchmarking to factor-out cold-cache disk
// access. Define FROMFILE to use file I/O instead.
#if defined( FROMFILE )
std::ifstream istr;
{
istr.open( in_path, std::ifstream::in );
// read the stream once
json j;
istr >> j;
// clear flags and rewind
istr.clear();
istr.seekg(0);
}
#else
std::stringstream istr;
{
// read file into string stream
std::ifstream input_file(in_path);
istr << input_file.rdbuf();
input_file.close();
// read the stream once
json j;
istr >> j;
// clear flags and rewind
istr.clear();
istr.seekg(0);
}
#endif
double tps = 0;
switch (mode)
{
// benchmarking input
case EMode::input:
{
auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
for (size_t i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
{
// clear flags and rewind
istr.clear();
istr.seekg(0);
json j;
istr >> j;
}
auto ended = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
tps = 1.0 / std::chrono::duration<double>( ended - start ).count();
break;
}
// benchmarking output
case EMode::output:
case EMode::indent:
{
// create JSON value from input
json j;
istr >> j;
std::stringstream ostr;
auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
for (size_t i = 0; i < iters; ++i)
{
if (mode == EMode::indent)
{
ostr << j;
}
else
{
ostr << std::setw(4) << j;
}
// reset data
ostr.str(std::string());
}
auto ended = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
tps = 1.0 / std::chrono::duration<double>( ended - start ).count();
break;
}
}
return tps;
}
template <typename T>
struct average {
T _sum { 0 };
size_t _count { 0 };
T operator+=( const T &val_ ) { _sum += val_; +_count++; return val_; }
operator T() { return _sum / _count; }
};
// Execute each test approximately enough times to get near 1
// transaction per second, and compute the average; a single aggregate
// number that gives a performance metric representing both parsing
// and output.
int main( int, char ** )
{
std::list<std::tuple<std::string, EMode, size_t, std::string>> tests {
{ "parse jeopardy.json", EMode::input, 2, "files/jeopardy/jeopardy.json" },
{ "parse canada.json", EMode::input, 30, "files/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json" },
{ "parse citm_catalog.json", EMode::input, 120, "files/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json" },
{ "parse twitter.json", EMode::input, 225, "files/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json" },
{ "parse floats.json", EMode::input, 5, "files/numbers/floats.json" },
{ "parse signed_ints.json", EMode::input, 6, "files/numbers/signed_ints.json" },
{ "parse unsigned_ints.json", EMode::input, 6, "files/numbers/unsigned_ints.json" },
{ "dump jeopardy.json", EMode::output, 5, "files/jeopardy/jeopardy.json" },
{ "dump jeopardy.json w/ind.", EMode::indent, 5, "files/jeopardy/jeopardy.json" },
{ "dump floats.json", EMode::output, 2, "files/numbers/floats.json" },
{ "dump signed_ints.json", EMode::output, 20, "files/numbers/signed_ints.json" },
};
average<double> avg;
for ( auto t : tests ) {
std::string name, path;
EMode mode;
size_t iters;
std::tie(name, mode, iters, path) = t;
auto tps = bench( mode, iters, path );
avg += tps;
std::cout
<< std::left
<< std::setw( 30 ) << name
<< std::right
<< " x " << std::setw( 3 ) << iters
<< std::left
<< " == " << std::setw( 10 ) << tps
<< std::right
<< " TPS, " << std::setw( 8 ) << std::round( tps * 1e6 / iters )
<< " ms/op"
<< std::endl;
}
std::cout << std::setw( 40 ) << "" << std::string( 10, '-' ) << std::endl;
std::cout << std::setw( 40 ) << "" << std::setw( 10 ) << std::left << avg << " TPS Average" << std::endl;
return 0;
}

43
benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/AUTHORS vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
# This is the official list of benchmark authors for copyright purposes.
# This file is distinct from the CONTRIBUTORS files.
# See the latter for an explanation.
#
# Names should be added to this file as:
# Name or Organization <email address>
# The email address is not required for organizations.
#
# Please keep the list sorted.
Albert Pretorius <pretoalb@gmail.com>
Arne Beer <arne@twobeer.de>
Carto
Christopher Seymour <chris.j.seymour@hotmail.com>
David Coeurjolly <david.coeurjolly@liris.cnrs.fr>
Dirac Research
Dominik Czarnota <dominik.b.czarnota@gmail.com>
Eric Fiselier <eric@efcs.ca>
Eugene Zhuk <eugene.zhuk@gmail.com>
Evgeny Safronov <division494@gmail.com>
Felix Homann <linuxaudio@showlabor.de>
Google Inc.
International Business Machines Corporation
Ismael Jimenez Martinez <ismael.jimenez.martinez@gmail.com>
Jern-Kuan Leong <jernkuan@gmail.com>
JianXiong Zhou <zhoujianxiong2@gmail.com>
Joao Paulo Magalhaes <joaoppmagalhaes@gmail.com>
Jussi Knuuttila <jussi.knuuttila@gmail.com>
Kaito Udagawa <umireon@gmail.com>
Kishan Kumar <kumar.kishan@outlook.com>
Lei Xu <eddyxu@gmail.com>
Matt Clarkson <mattyclarkson@gmail.com>
Maxim Vafin <maxvafin@gmail.com>
Nick Hutchinson <nshutchinson@gmail.com>
Oleksandr Sochka <sasha.sochka@gmail.com>
Paul Redmond <paul.redmond@gmail.com>
Radoslav Yovchev <radoslav.tm@gmail.com>
Roman Lebedev <lebedev.ri@gmail.com>
Shuo Chen <chenshuo@chenshuo.com>
Steinar H. Gunderson <sgunderson@bigfoot.com>
Yixuan Qiu <yixuanq@gmail.com>
Yusuke Suzuki <utatane.tea@gmail.com>
Zbigniew Skowron <zbychs@gmail.com>

213
benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt vendored Normal file
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cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8.12)
project (benchmark)
foreach(p
CMP0054 # CMake 3.1
CMP0056 # export EXE_LINKER_FLAGS to try_run
CMP0057 # Support no if() IN_LIST operator
)
if(POLICY ${p})
cmake_policy(SET ${p} NEW)
endif()
endforeach()
option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING "Enable testing of the benchmark library." ON)
option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS "Enable the use of exceptions in the benchmark library." ON)
option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO "Enable link time optimisation of the benchmark library." OFF)
option(BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX "Build and test using libc++ as the standard library." OFF)
option(BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS "Build a 32 bit version of the library." OFF)
option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_INSTALL "Enable installation of benchmark. (Projects embedding benchmark may want to turn this OFF.)" ON)
# Allow unmet dependencies to be met using CMake's ExternalProject mechanics, which
# may require downloading the source code.
option(BENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES "Allow the downloading and in-tree building of unmet dependencies" OFF)
# This option can be used to disable building and running unit tests which depend on gtest
# in cases where it is not possible to build or find a valid version of gtest.
option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS "Enable building the unit tests which depend on gtest" ON)
# Make sure we can import out CMake functions
list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/Modules")
list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")
# Read the git tags to determine the project version
include(GetGitVersion)
get_git_version(GIT_VERSION)
# Tell the user what versions we are using
string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+" VERSION ${GIT_VERSION})
message("-- Version: ${VERSION}")
# The version of the libraries
set(GENERIC_LIB_VERSION ${VERSION})
string(SUBSTRING ${VERSION} 0 1 GENERIC_LIB_SOVERSION)
# Import our CMake modules
include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
include(AddCXXCompilerFlag)
include(CXXFeatureCheck)
if (BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS)
add_required_cxx_compiler_flag(-m32)
endif()
if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
# Turn compiler warnings up to 11
string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]W[1-4]" "" CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /W4")
add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
if (NOT BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-EHs-)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-EHa-)
endif()
# Link time optimisation
if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} /GL")
set(CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE} /LTCG")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE} /LTCG")
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE} /LTCG")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /GL")
string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]INCREMENTAL" "/INCREMENTAL:NO" CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO}")
set(CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /LTCG")
string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]INCREMENTAL" "/INCREMENTAL:NO" CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO}")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /LTCG")
string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]INCREMENTAL" "/INCREMENTAL:NO" CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO}")
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /LTCG")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL} /GL")
set(CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL} /LTCG")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL} /LTCG")
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL} /LTCG")
endif()
else()
# Try and enable C++11. Don't use C++14 because it doesn't work in some
# configurations.
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++11)
if (NOT HAVE_CXX_FLAG_STD_CXX11)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++0x)
endif()
# Turn compiler warnings up to 11
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wall)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wextra)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wshadow)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Werror RELEASE)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Werror RELWITHDEBINFO)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Werror MINSIZEREL)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-pedantic)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-pedantic-errors)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wshorten-64-to-32)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wfloat-equal)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-fstrict-aliasing)
if (NOT BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-fno-exceptions)
endif()
if (HAVE_CXX_FLAG_FSTRICT_ALIASING)
if (NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Intel") #ICC17u2: Many false positives for Wstrict-aliasing
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wstrict-aliasing)
endif()
endif()
# ICC17u2: overloaded virtual function "benchmark::Fixture::SetUp" is only partially overridden
# (because of deprecated overload)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-wd654)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wthread-safety)
if (HAVE_CXX_FLAG_WTHREAD_SAFETY)
cxx_feature_check(THREAD_SAFETY_ATTRIBUTES)
endif()
# On most UNIX like platforms g++ and clang++ define _GNU_SOURCE as a
# predefined macro, which turns on all of the wonderful libc extensions.
# However g++ doesn't do this in Cygwin so we have to define it ourselfs
# since we depend on GNU/POSIX/BSD extensions.
if (CYGWIN)
add_definitions(-D_GNU_SOURCE=1)
endif()
# Link time optimisation
if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO)
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-flto)
if ("${CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "GNU")
find_program(GCC_AR gcc-ar)
if (GCC_AR)
set(CMAKE_AR ${GCC_AR})
endif()
find_program(GCC_RANLIB gcc-ranlib)
if (GCC_RANLIB)
set(CMAKE_RANLIB ${GCC_RANLIB})
endif()
elseif("${CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang")
include(llvm-toolchain)
endif()
endif()
# Coverage build type
set(BENCHMARK_CXX_FLAGS_COVERAGE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG}"
CACHE STRING "Flags used by the C++ compiler during coverage builds."
FORCE)
set(BENCHMARK_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}"
CACHE STRING "Flags used for linking binaries during coverage builds."
FORCE)
set(BENCHMARK_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}"
CACHE STRING "Flags used by the shared libraries linker during coverage builds."
FORCE)
mark_as_advanced(
BENCHMARK_CXX_FLAGS_COVERAGE
BENCHMARK_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE
BENCHMARK_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" CACHE STRING
"Choose the type of build, options are: None Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel Coverage.")
add_cxx_compiler_flag(--coverage COVERAGE)
endif()
if (BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX)
if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang")
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-stdlib=libc++)
elseif ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "GNU" OR
"${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Intel")
add_cxx_compiler_flag(-nostdinc++)
message("libc++ header path must be manually specified using CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS")
# Adding -nodefaultlibs directly to CMAKE_<TYPE>_LINKER_FLAGS will break
# configuration checks such as 'find_package(Threads)'
list(APPEND BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS -nodefaultlibs)
# -lc++ cannot be added directly to CMAKE_<TYPE>_LINKER_FLAGS because
# linker flags appear before all linker inputs and -lc++ must appear after.
list(APPEND BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES c++)
else()
message(FATAL "-DBENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX:BOOL=ON is not supported for compiler")
endif()
endif(BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX)
# C++ feature checks
# Determine the correct regular expression engine to use
cxx_feature_check(STD_REGEX)
cxx_feature_check(GNU_POSIX_REGEX)
cxx_feature_check(POSIX_REGEX)
if(NOT HAVE_STD_REGEX AND NOT HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX AND NOT HAVE_POSIX_REGEX)
message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to determine the source files for the regular expression backend")
endif()
if (NOT BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS AND HAVE_STD_REGEX
AND NOT HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX AND NOT HAVE_POSIX_REGEX)
message(WARNING "Using std::regex with exceptions disabled is not fully supported")
endif()
cxx_feature_check(STEADY_CLOCK)
# Ensure we have pthreads
find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
# Set up directories
include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
# Build the targets
add_subdirectory(src)
if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING)
enable_testing()
if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS)
include(HandleGTest)
endif()
add_subdirectory(test)
endif()

62
benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/CONTRIBUTORS vendored Normal file
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# People who have agreed to one of the CLAs and can contribute patches.
# The AUTHORS file lists the copyright holders; this file
# lists people. For example, Google employees are listed here
# but not in AUTHORS, because Google holds the copyright.
#
# Names should be added to this file only after verifying that
# the individual or the individual's organization has agreed to
# the appropriate Contributor License Agreement, found here:
#
# https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/individual
# https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/corporate
#
# The agreement for individuals can be filled out on the web.
#
# When adding J Random Contributor's name to this file,
# either J's name or J's organization's name should be
# added to the AUTHORS file, depending on whether the
# individual or corporate CLA was used.
#
# Names should be added to this file as:
# Name <email address>
#
# Please keep the list sorted.
Albert Pretorius <pretoalb@gmail.com>
Arne Beer <arne@twobeer.de>
Billy Robert O'Neal III <billy.oneal@gmail.com> <bion@microsoft.com>
Chris Kennelly <ckennelly@google.com> <ckennelly@ckennelly.com>
Christopher Seymour <chris.j.seymour@hotmail.com>
David Coeurjolly <david.coeurjolly@liris.cnrs.fr>
Dominic Hamon <dma@stripysock.com> <dominic@google.com>
Dominik Czarnota <dominik.b.czarnota@gmail.com>
Eric Fiselier <eric@efcs.ca>
Eugene Zhuk <eugene.zhuk@gmail.com>
Evgeny Safronov <division494@gmail.com>
Felix Homann <linuxaudio@showlabor.de>
Ismael Jimenez Martinez <ismael.jimenez.martinez@gmail.com>
Jern-Kuan Leong <jernkuan@gmail.com>
JianXiong Zhou <zhoujianxiong2@gmail.com>
Joao Paulo Magalhaes <joaoppmagalhaes@gmail.com>
Jussi Knuuttila <jussi.knuuttila@gmail.com>
Kai Wolf <kai.wolf@gmail.com>
Kishan Kumar <kumar.kishan@outlook.com>
Kaito Udagawa <umireon@gmail.com>
Lei Xu <eddyxu@gmail.com>
Matt Clarkson <mattyclarkson@gmail.com>
Maxim Vafin <maxvafin@gmail.com>
Nick Hutchinson <nshutchinson@gmail.com>
Oleksandr Sochka <sasha.sochka@gmail.com>
Pascal Leroy <phl@google.com>
Paul Redmond <paul.redmond@gmail.com>
Pierre Phaneuf <pphaneuf@google.com>
Radoslav Yovchev <radoslav.tm@gmail.com>
Raul Marin <rmrodriguez@cartodb.com>
Ray Glover <ray.glover@uk.ibm.com>
Roman Lebedev <lebedev.ri@gmail.com>
Shuo Chen <chenshuo@chenshuo.com>
Tobias Ulvgård <tobias.ulvgard@dirac.se>
Tom Madams <tom.ej.madams@gmail.com> <tmadams@google.com>
Yixuan Qiu <yixuanq@gmail.com>
Yusuke Suzuki <utatane.tea@gmail.com>
Zbigniew Skowron <zbychs@gmail.com>

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# benchmark
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/google/benchmark.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/google/benchmark)
[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/u0qsyp7t1tk7cpxs/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/google/benchmark/branch/master)
[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/google/benchmark/badge.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/google/benchmark)
[![slackin](https://slackin-iqtfqnpzxd.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://slackin-iqtfqnpzxd.now.sh/)
A library to support the benchmarking of functions, similar to unit-tests.
Discussion group: https://groups.google.com/d/forum/benchmark-discuss
IRC channel: https://freenode.net #googlebenchmark
[Known issues and common problems](#known-issues)
[Additional Tooling Documentation](docs/tools.md)
## Building
The basic steps for configuring and building the library look like this:
```bash
$ git clone https://github.com/google/benchmark.git
# Benchmark requires GTest as a dependency. Add the source tree as a subdirectory.
$ git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git benchmark/googletest
$ mkdir build && cd build
$ cmake -G <generator> [options] ../benchmark
# Assuming a makefile generator was used
$ make
```
Note that Google Benchmark requires GTest to build and run the tests. This
dependency can be provided three ways:
* Checkout the GTest sources into `benchmark/googletest`.
* Otherwise, if `-DBENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES=ON` is specified during
configuration, the library will automatically download and build any required
dependencies.
* Otherwise, if nothing is done, CMake will use `find_package(GTest REQUIRED)`
to resolve the required GTest dependency.
If you do not wish to build and run the tests, add `-DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS=OFF`
to `CMAKE_ARGS`.
## Installation Guide
For Ubuntu and Debian Based System
First make sure you have git and cmake installed (If not please install it)
```
sudo apt-get install git
sudo apt-get install cmake
```
Now, let's clone the repository and build it
```
git clone https://github.com/google/benchmark.git
cd benchmark
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE
make
```
We need to install the library globally now
```
sudo make install
```
Now you have google/benchmark installed in your machine
Note: Don't forget to link to pthread library while building
## Stable and Experimental Library Versions
The main branch contains the latest stable version of the benchmarking library;
the API of which can be considered largely stable, with source breaking changes
being made only upon the release of a new major version.
Newer, experimental, features are implemented and tested on the
[`v2` branch](https://github.com/google/benchmark/tree/v2). Users who wish
to use, test, and provide feedback on the new features are encouraged to try
this branch. However, this branch provides no stability guarantees and reserves
the right to change and break the API at any time.
## Example usage
### Basic usage
Define a function that executes the code to be measured.
```c++
#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
static void BM_StringCreation(benchmark::State& state) {
for (auto _ : state)
std::string empty_string;
}
// Register the function as a benchmark
BENCHMARK(BM_StringCreation);
// Define another benchmark
static void BM_StringCopy(benchmark::State& state) {
std::string x = "hello";
for (auto _ : state)
std::string copy(x);
}
BENCHMARK(BM_StringCopy);
BENCHMARK_MAIN();
```
Don't forget to inform your linker to add benchmark library e.g. through `-lbenchmark` compilation flag.
The benchmark library will reporting the timing for the code within the `for(...)` loop.
### Passing arguments
Sometimes a family of benchmarks can be implemented with just one routine that
takes an extra argument to specify which one of the family of benchmarks to
run. For example, the following code defines a family of benchmarks for
measuring the speed of `memcpy()` calls of different lengths:
```c++
static void BM_memcpy(benchmark::State& state) {
char* src = new char[state.range(0)];
char* dst = new char[state.range(0)];
memset(src, 'x', state.range(0));
for (auto _ : state)
memcpy(dst, src, state.range(0));
state.SetBytesProcessed(int64_t(state.iterations()) *
int64_t(state.range(0)));
delete[] src;
delete[] dst;
}
BENCHMARK(BM_memcpy)->Arg(8)->Arg(64)->Arg(512)->Arg(1<<10)->Arg(8<<10);
```
The preceding code is quite repetitive, and can be replaced with the following
short-hand. The following invocation will pick a few appropriate arguments in
the specified range and will generate a benchmark for each such argument.
```c++
BENCHMARK(BM_memcpy)->Range(8, 8<<10);
```
By default the arguments in the range are generated in multiples of eight and
the command above selects [ 8, 64, 512, 4k, 8k ]. In the following code the
range multiplier is changed to multiples of two.
```c++
BENCHMARK(BM_memcpy)->RangeMultiplier(2)->Range(8, 8<<10);
```
Now arguments generated are [ 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2k, 4k, 8k ].
You might have a benchmark that depends on two or more inputs. For example, the
following code defines a family of benchmarks for measuring the speed of set
insertion.
```c++
static void BM_SetInsert(benchmark::State& state) {
std::set<int> data;
for (auto _ : state) {
state.PauseTiming();
data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0));
state.ResumeTiming();
for (int j = 0; j < state.range(1); ++j)
data.insert(RandomNumber());
}
}
BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)
->Args({1<<10, 128})
->Args({2<<10, 128})
->Args({4<<10, 128})
->Args({8<<10, 128})
->Args({1<<10, 512})
->Args({2<<10, 512})
->Args({4<<10, 512})
->Args({8<<10, 512});
```
The preceding code is quite repetitive, and can be replaced with the following
short-hand. The following macro will pick a few appropriate arguments in the
product of the two specified ranges and will generate a benchmark for each such
pair.
```c++
BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1<<10, 8<<10}, {128, 512}});
```
For more complex patterns of inputs, passing a custom function to `Apply` allows
programmatic specification of an arbitrary set of arguments on which to run the
benchmark. The following example enumerates a dense range on one parameter,
and a sparse range on the second.
```c++
static void CustomArguments(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b) {
for (int i = 0; i <= 10; ++i)
for (int j = 32; j <= 1024*1024; j *= 8)
b->Args({i, j});
}
BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Apply(CustomArguments);
```
### Calculate asymptotic complexity (Big O)
Asymptotic complexity might be calculated for a family of benchmarks. The
following code will calculate the coefficient for the high-order term in the
running time and the normalized root-mean square error of string comparison.
```c++
static void BM_StringCompare(benchmark::State& state) {
std::string s1(state.range(0), '-');
std::string s2(state.range(0), '-');
for (auto _ : state) {
benchmark::DoNotOptimize(s1.compare(s2));
}
state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0));
}
BENCHMARK(BM_StringCompare)
->RangeMultiplier(2)->Range(1<<10, 1<<18)->Complexity(benchmark::oN);
```
As shown in the following invocation, asymptotic complexity might also be
calculated automatically.
```c++
BENCHMARK(BM_StringCompare)
->RangeMultiplier(2)->Range(1<<10, 1<<18)->Complexity();
```
The following code will specify asymptotic complexity with a lambda function,
that might be used to customize high-order term calculation.
```c++
BENCHMARK(BM_StringCompare)->RangeMultiplier(2)
->Range(1<<10, 1<<18)->Complexity([](int n)->double{return n; });
```
### Templated benchmarks
Templated benchmarks work the same way: This example produces and consumes
messages of size `sizeof(v)` `range_x` times. It also outputs throughput in the
absence of multiprogramming.
```c++
template <class Q> int BM_Sequential(benchmark::State& state) {
Q q;
typename Q::value_type v;
for (auto _ : state) {
for (int i = state.range(0); i--; )
q.push(v);
for (int e = state.range(0); e--; )
q.Wait(&v);
}
// actually messages, not bytes:
state.SetBytesProcessed(
static_cast<int64_t>(state.iterations())*state.range(0));
}
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_Sequential, WaitQueue<int>)->Range(1<<0, 1<<10);
```
Three macros are provided for adding benchmark templates.
```c++
#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11
#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(func, ...) // Takes any number of parameters.
#else // C++ < C++11
#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(func, arg1)
#endif
#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1(func, arg1)
#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2(func, arg1, arg2)
```
### A Faster KeepRunning loop
In C++11 mode, a ranged-based for loop should be used in preference to
the `KeepRunning` loop for running the benchmarks. For example:
```c++
static void BM_Fast(benchmark::State &state) {
for (auto _ : state) {
FastOperation();
}
}
BENCHMARK(BM_Fast);
```
The reason the ranged-for loop is faster than using `KeepRunning`, is
because `KeepRunning` requires a memory load and store of the iteration count
ever iteration, whereas the ranged-for variant is able to keep the iteration count
in a register.
For example, an empty inner loop of using the ranged-based for method looks like:
```asm
# Loop Init
mov rbx, qword ptr [r14 + 104]
call benchmark::State::StartKeepRunning()
test rbx, rbx
je .LoopEnd
.LoopHeader: # =>This Inner Loop Header: Depth=1
add rbx, -1
jne .LoopHeader
.LoopEnd:
```
Compared to an empty `KeepRunning` loop, which looks like:
```asm
.LoopHeader: # in Loop: Header=BB0_3 Depth=1
cmp byte ptr [rbx], 1
jne .LoopInit
.LoopBody: # =>This Inner Loop Header: Depth=1
mov rax, qword ptr [rbx + 8]
lea rcx, [rax + 1]
mov qword ptr [rbx + 8], rcx
cmp rax, qword ptr [rbx + 104]
jb .LoopHeader
jmp .LoopEnd
.LoopInit:
mov rdi, rbx
call benchmark::State::StartKeepRunning()
jmp .LoopBody
.LoopEnd:
```
Unless C++03 compatibility is required, the ranged-for variant of writing
the benchmark loop should be preferred.
## Passing arbitrary arguments to a benchmark
In C++11 it is possible to define a benchmark that takes an arbitrary number
of extra arguments. The `BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(func, test_case_name, ...args)`
macro creates a benchmark that invokes `func` with the `benchmark::State` as
the first argument followed by the specified `args...`.
The `test_case_name` is appended to the name of the benchmark and
should describe the values passed.
```c++
template <class ...ExtraArgs>
void BM_takes_args(benchmark::State& state, ExtraArgs&&... extra_args) {
[...]
}
// Registers a benchmark named "BM_takes_args/int_string_test" that passes
// the specified values to `extra_args`.
BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(BM_takes_args, int_string_test, 42, std::string("abc"));
```
Note that elements of `...args` may refer to global variables. Users should
avoid modifying global state inside of a benchmark.
## Using RegisterBenchmark(name, fn, args...)
The `RegisterBenchmark(name, func, args...)` function provides an alternative
way to create and register benchmarks.
`RegisterBenchmark(name, func, args...)` creates, registers, and returns a
pointer to a new benchmark with the specified `name` that invokes
`func(st, args...)` where `st` is a `benchmark::State` object.
Unlike the `BENCHMARK` registration macros, which can only be used at the global
scope, the `RegisterBenchmark` can be called anywhere. This allows for
benchmark tests to be registered programmatically.
Additionally `RegisterBenchmark` allows any callable object to be registered
as a benchmark. Including capturing lambdas and function objects.
For Example:
```c++
auto BM_test = [](benchmark::State& st, auto Inputs) { /* ... */ };
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
for (auto& test_input : { /* ... */ })
benchmark::RegisterBenchmark(test_input.name(), BM_test, test_input);
benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
}
```
### Multithreaded benchmarks
In a multithreaded test (benchmark invoked by multiple threads simultaneously),
it is guaranteed that none of the threads will start until all have reached
the start of the benchmark loop, and all will have finished before any thread
exits the benchmark loop. (This behavior is also provided by the `KeepRunning()`
API) As such, any global setup or teardown can be wrapped in a check against the thread
index:
```c++
static void BM_MultiThreaded(benchmark::State& state) {
if (state.thread_index == 0) {
// Setup code here.
}
for (auto _ : state) {
// Run the test as normal.
}
if (state.thread_index == 0) {
// Teardown code here.
}
}
BENCHMARK(BM_MultiThreaded)->Threads(2);
```
If the benchmarked code itself uses threads and you want to compare it to
single-threaded code, you may want to use real-time ("wallclock") measurements
for latency comparisons:
```c++
BENCHMARK(BM_test)->Range(8, 8<<10)->UseRealTime();
```
Without `UseRealTime`, CPU time is used by default.
## Manual timing
For benchmarking something for which neither CPU time nor real-time are
correct or accurate enough, completely manual timing is supported using
the `UseManualTime` function.
When `UseManualTime` is used, the benchmarked code must call
`SetIterationTime` once per iteration of the benchmark loop to
report the manually measured time.
An example use case for this is benchmarking GPU execution (e.g. OpenCL
or CUDA kernels, OpenGL or Vulkan or Direct3D draw calls), which cannot
be accurately measured using CPU time or real-time. Instead, they can be
measured accurately using a dedicated API, and these measurement results
can be reported back with `SetIterationTime`.
```c++
static void BM_ManualTiming(benchmark::State& state) {
int microseconds = state.range(0);
std::chrono::duration<double, std::micro> sleep_duration {
static_cast<double>(microseconds)
};
for (auto _ : state) {
auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
// Simulate some useful workload with a sleep
std::this_thread::sleep_for(sleep_duration);
auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
auto elapsed_seconds =
std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(
end - start);
state.SetIterationTime(elapsed_seconds.count());
}
}
BENCHMARK(BM_ManualTiming)->Range(1, 1<<17)->UseManualTime();
```
### Preventing optimisation
To prevent a value or expression from being optimized away by the compiler
the `benchmark::DoNotOptimize(...)` and `benchmark::ClobberMemory()`
functions can be used.
```c++
static void BM_test(benchmark::State& state) {
for (auto _ : state) {
int x = 0;
for (int i=0; i < 64; ++i) {
benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x += i);
}
}
}
```
`DoNotOptimize(<expr>)` forces the *result* of `<expr>` to be stored in either
memory or a register. For GNU based compilers it acts as read/write barrier
for global memory. More specifically it forces the compiler to flush pending
writes to memory and reload any other values as necessary.
Note that `DoNotOptimize(<expr>)` does not prevent optimizations on `<expr>`
in any way. `<expr>` may even be removed entirely when the result is already
known. For example:
```c++
/* Example 1: `<expr>` is removed entirely. */
int foo(int x) { return x + 42; }
while (...) DoNotOptimize(foo(0)); // Optimized to DoNotOptimize(42);
/* Example 2: Result of '<expr>' is only reused */
int bar(int) __attribute__((const));
while (...) DoNotOptimize(bar(0)); // Optimized to:
// int __result__ = bar(0);
// while (...) DoNotOptimize(__result__);
```
The second tool for preventing optimizations is `ClobberMemory()`. In essence
`ClobberMemory()` forces the compiler to perform all pending writes to global
memory. Memory managed by block scope objects must be "escaped" using
`DoNotOptimize(...)` before it can be clobbered. In the below example
`ClobberMemory()` prevents the call to `v.push_back(42)` from being optimized
away.
```c++
static void BM_vector_push_back(benchmark::State& state) {
for (auto _ : state) {
std::vector<int> v;
v.reserve(1);
benchmark::DoNotOptimize(v.data()); // Allow v.data() to be clobbered.
v.push_back(42);
benchmark::ClobberMemory(); // Force 42 to be written to memory.
}
}
```
Note that `ClobberMemory()` is only available for GNU or MSVC based compilers.
### Set time unit manually
If a benchmark runs a few milliseconds it may be hard to visually compare the
measured times, since the output data is given in nanoseconds per default. In
order to manually set the time unit, you can specify it manually:
```c++
BENCHMARK(BM_test)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond);
```
## Controlling number of iterations
In all cases, the number of iterations for which the benchmark is run is
governed by the amount of time the benchmark takes. Concretely, the number of
iterations is at least one, not more than 1e9, until CPU time is greater than
the minimum time, or the wallclock time is 5x minimum time. The minimum time is
set as a flag `--benchmark_min_time` or per benchmark by calling `MinTime` on
the registered benchmark object.
## Reporting the mean, median and standard deviation by repeated benchmarks
By default each benchmark is run once and that single result is reported.
However benchmarks are often noisy and a single result may not be representative
of the overall behavior. For this reason it's possible to repeatedly rerun the
benchmark.
The number of runs of each benchmark is specified globally by the
`--benchmark_repetitions` flag or on a per benchmark basis by calling
`Repetitions` on the registered benchmark object. When a benchmark is run more
than once the mean, median and standard deviation of the runs will be reported.
Additionally the `--benchmark_report_aggregates_only={true|false}` flag or
`ReportAggregatesOnly(bool)` function can be used to change how repeated tests
are reported. By default the result of each repeated run is reported. When this
option is `true` only the mean, median and standard deviation of the runs is reported.
Calling `ReportAggregatesOnly(bool)` on a registered benchmark object overrides
the value of the flag for that benchmark.
## User-defined statistics for repeated benchmarks
While having mean, median and standard deviation is nice, this may not be
enough for everyone. For example you may want to know what is the largest
observation, e.g. because you have some real-time constraints. This is easy.
The following code will specify a custom statistic to be calculated, defined
by a lambda function.
```c++
void BM_spin_empty(benchmark::State& state) {
for (auto _ : state) {
for (int x = 0; x < state.range(0); ++x) {
benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x);
}
}
}
BENCHMARK(BM_spin_empty)
->ComputeStatistics("max", [](const std::vector<double>& v) -> double {
return *(std::max_element(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
})
->Arg(512);
```
## Fixtures
Fixture tests are created by
first defining a type that derives from `::benchmark::Fixture` and then
creating/registering the tests using the following macros:
* `BENCHMARK_F(ClassName, Method)`
* `BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(ClassName, Method)`
* `BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(ClassName, Method)`
For Example:
```c++
class MyFixture : public benchmark::Fixture {};
BENCHMARK_F(MyFixture, FooTest)(benchmark::State& st) {
for (auto _ : st) {
...
}
}
BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MyFixture, BarTest)(benchmark::State& st) {
for (auto _ : st) {
...
}
}
/* BarTest is NOT registered */
BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, BarTest)->Threads(2);
/* BarTest is now registered */
```
### Templated fixtures
Also you can create templated fixture by using the following macros:
* `BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_F(ClassName, Method, ...)`
* `BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_F(ClassName, Method, ...)`
For example:
```c++
template<typename T>
class MyFixture : public benchmark::Fixture {};
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_F(MyFixture, IntTest, int)(benchmark::State& st) {
for (auto _ : st) {
...
}
}
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_F(MyFixture, DoubleTest, double)(benchmark::State& st) {
for (auto _ : st) {
...
}
}
BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, DoubleTest)->Threads(2);
```
## User-defined counters
You can add your own counters with user-defined names. The example below
will add columns "Foo", "Bar" and "Baz" in its output:
```c++
static void UserCountersExample1(benchmark::State& state) {
double numFoos = 0, numBars = 0, numBazs = 0;
for (auto _ : state) {
// ... count Foo,Bar,Baz events
}
state.counters["Foo"] = numFoos;
state.counters["Bar"] = numBars;
state.counters["Baz"] = numBazs;
}
```
The `state.counters` object is a `std::map` with `std::string` keys
and `Counter` values. The latter is a `double`-like class, via an implicit
conversion to `double&`. Thus you can use all of the standard arithmetic
assignment operators (`=,+=,-=,*=,/=`) to change the value of each counter.
In multithreaded benchmarks, each counter is set on the calling thread only.
When the benchmark finishes, the counters from each thread will be summed;
the resulting sum is the value which will be shown for the benchmark.
The `Counter` constructor accepts two parameters: the value as a `double`
and a bit flag which allows you to show counters as rates and/or as
per-thread averages:
```c++
// sets a simple counter
state.counters["Foo"] = numFoos;
// Set the counter as a rate. It will be presented divided
// by the duration of the benchmark.
state.counters["FooRate"] = Counter(numFoos, benchmark::Counter::kIsRate);
// Set the counter as a thread-average quantity. It will
// be presented divided by the number of threads.
state.counters["FooAvg"] = Counter(numFoos, benchmark::Counter::kAvgThreads);
// There's also a combined flag:
state.counters["FooAvgRate"] = Counter(numFoos,benchmark::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate);
```
When you're compiling in C++11 mode or later you can use `insert()` with
`std::initializer_list`:
```c++
// With C++11, this can be done:
state.counters.insert({{"Foo", numFoos}, {"Bar", numBars}, {"Baz", numBazs}});
// ... instead of:
state.counters["Foo"] = numFoos;
state.counters["Bar"] = numBars;
state.counters["Baz"] = numBazs;
```
### Counter reporting
When using the console reporter, by default, user counters are are printed at
the end after the table, the same way as ``bytes_processed`` and
``items_processed``. This is best for cases in which there are few counters,
or where there are only a couple of lines per benchmark. Here's an example of
the default output:
```
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Time CPU Iterations UserCounters...
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BM_UserCounter/threads:8 2248 ns 10277 ns 68808 Bar=16 Bat=40 Baz=24 Foo=8
BM_UserCounter/threads:1 9797 ns 9788 ns 71523 Bar=2 Bat=5 Baz=3 Foo=1024m
BM_UserCounter/threads:2 4924 ns 9842 ns 71036 Bar=4 Bat=10 Baz=6 Foo=2
BM_UserCounter/threads:4 2589 ns 10284 ns 68012 Bar=8 Bat=20 Baz=12 Foo=4
BM_UserCounter/threads:8 2212 ns 10287 ns 68040 Bar=16 Bat=40 Baz=24 Foo=8
BM_UserCounter/threads:16 1782 ns 10278 ns 68144 Bar=32 Bat=80 Baz=48 Foo=16
BM_UserCounter/threads:32 1291 ns 10296 ns 68256 Bar=64 Bat=160 Baz=96 Foo=32
BM_UserCounter/threads:4 2615 ns 10307 ns 68040 Bar=8 Bat=20 Baz=12 Foo=4
BM_Factorial 26 ns 26 ns 26608979 40320
BM_Factorial/real_time 26 ns 26 ns 26587936 40320
BM_CalculatePiRange/1 16 ns 16 ns 45704255 0
BM_CalculatePiRange/8 73 ns 73 ns 9520927 3.28374
BM_CalculatePiRange/64 609 ns 609 ns 1140647 3.15746
BM_CalculatePiRange/512 4900 ns 4901 ns 142696 3.14355
```
If this doesn't suit you, you can print each counter as a table column by
passing the flag `--benchmark_counters_tabular=true` to the benchmark
application. This is best for cases in which there are a lot of counters, or
a lot of lines per individual benchmark. Note that this will trigger a
reprinting of the table header any time the counter set changes between
individual benchmarks. Here's an example of corresponding output when
`--benchmark_counters_tabular=true` is passed:
```
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Time CPU Iterations Bar Bat Baz Foo
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BM_UserCounter/threads:8 2198 ns 9953 ns 70688 16 40 24 8
BM_UserCounter/threads:1 9504 ns 9504 ns 73787 2 5 3 1
BM_UserCounter/threads:2 4775 ns 9550 ns 72606 4 10 6 2
BM_UserCounter/threads:4 2508 ns 9951 ns 70332 8 20 12 4
BM_UserCounter/threads:8 2055 ns 9933 ns 70344 16 40 24 8
BM_UserCounter/threads:16 1610 ns 9946 ns 70720 32 80 48 16
BM_UserCounter/threads:32 1192 ns 9948 ns 70496 64 160 96 32
BM_UserCounter/threads:4 2506 ns 9949 ns 70332 8 20 12 4
--------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Time CPU Iterations
--------------------------------------------------------------
BM_Factorial 26 ns 26 ns 26392245 40320
BM_Factorial/real_time 26 ns 26 ns 26494107 40320
BM_CalculatePiRange/1 15 ns 15 ns 45571597 0
BM_CalculatePiRange/8 74 ns 74 ns 9450212 3.28374
BM_CalculatePiRange/64 595 ns 595 ns 1173901 3.15746
BM_CalculatePiRange/512 4752 ns 4752 ns 147380 3.14355
BM_CalculatePiRange/4k 37970 ns 37972 ns 18453 3.14184
BM_CalculatePiRange/32k 303733 ns 303744 ns 2305 3.14162
BM_CalculatePiRange/256k 2434095 ns 2434186 ns 288 3.1416
BM_CalculatePiRange/1024k 9721140 ns 9721413 ns 71 3.14159
BM_CalculatePi/threads:8 2255 ns 9943 ns 70936
```
Note above the additional header printed when the benchmark changes from
``BM_UserCounter`` to ``BM_Factorial``. This is because ``BM_Factorial`` does
not have the same counter set as ``BM_UserCounter``.
## Exiting Benchmarks in Error
When errors caused by external influences, such as file I/O and network
communication, occur within a benchmark the
`State::SkipWithError(const char* msg)` function can be used to skip that run
of benchmark and report the error. Note that only future iterations of the
`KeepRunning()` are skipped. For the ranged-for version of the benchmark loop
Users must explicitly exit the loop, otherwise all iterations will be performed.
Users may explicitly return to exit the benchmark immediately.
The `SkipWithError(...)` function may be used at any point within the benchmark,
including before and after the benchmark loop.
For example:
```c++
static void BM_test(benchmark::State& state) {
auto resource = GetResource();
if (!resource.good()) {
state.SkipWithError("Resource is not good!");
// KeepRunning() loop will not be entered.
}
for (state.KeepRunning()) {
auto data = resource.read_data();
if (!resource.good()) {
state.SkipWithError("Failed to read data!");
break; // Needed to skip the rest of the iteration.
}
do_stuff(data);
}
}
static void BM_test_ranged_fo(benchmark::State & state) {
state.SkipWithError("test will not be entered");
for (auto _ : state) {
state.SkipWithError("Failed!");
break; // REQUIRED to prevent all further iterations.
}
}
```
## Running a subset of the benchmarks
The `--benchmark_filter=<regex>` option can be used to only run the benchmarks
which match the specified `<regex>`. For example:
```bash
$ ./run_benchmarks.x --benchmark_filter=BM_memcpy/32
Run on (1 X 2300 MHz CPU )
2016-06-25 19:34:24
Benchmark Time CPU Iterations
----------------------------------------------------
BM_memcpy/32 11 ns 11 ns 79545455
BM_memcpy/32k 2181 ns 2185 ns 324074
BM_memcpy/32 12 ns 12 ns 54687500
BM_memcpy/32k 1834 ns 1837 ns 357143
```
## Output Formats
The library supports multiple output formats. Use the
`--benchmark_format=<console|json|csv>` flag to set the format type. `console`
is the default format.
The Console format is intended to be a human readable format. By default
the format generates color output. Context is output on stderr and the
tabular data on stdout. Example tabular output looks like:
```
Benchmark Time(ns) CPU(ns) Iterations
----------------------------------------------------------------------
BM_SetInsert/1024/1 28928 29349 23853 133.097kB/s 33.2742k items/s
BM_SetInsert/1024/8 32065 32913 21375 949.487kB/s 237.372k items/s
BM_SetInsert/1024/10 33157 33648 21431 1.13369MB/s 290.225k items/s
```
The JSON format outputs human readable json split into two top level attributes.
The `context` attribute contains information about the run in general, including
information about the CPU and the date.
The `benchmarks` attribute contains a list of ever benchmark run. Example json
output looks like:
```json
{
"context": {
"date": "2015/03/17-18:40:25",
"num_cpus": 40,
"mhz_per_cpu": 2801,
"cpu_scaling_enabled": false,
"build_type": "debug"
},
"benchmarks": [
{
"name": "BM_SetInsert/1024/1",
"iterations": 94877,
"real_time": 29275,
"cpu_time": 29836,
"bytes_per_second": 134066,
"items_per_second": 33516
},
{
"name": "BM_SetInsert/1024/8",
"iterations": 21609,
"real_time": 32317,
"cpu_time": 32429,
"bytes_per_second": 986770,
"items_per_second": 246693
},
{
"name": "BM_SetInsert/1024/10",
"iterations": 21393,
"real_time": 32724,
"cpu_time": 33355,
"bytes_per_second": 1199226,
"items_per_second": 299807
}
]
}
```
The CSV format outputs comma-separated values. The `context` is output on stderr
and the CSV itself on stdout. Example CSV output looks like:
```
name,iterations,real_time,cpu_time,bytes_per_second,items_per_second,label
"BM_SetInsert/1024/1",65465,17890.7,8407.45,475768,118942,
"BM_SetInsert/1024/8",116606,18810.1,9766.64,3.27646e+06,819115,
"BM_SetInsert/1024/10",106365,17238.4,8421.53,4.74973e+06,1.18743e+06,
```
## Output Files
The library supports writing the output of the benchmark to a file specified
by `--benchmark_out=<filename>`. The format of the output can be specified
using `--benchmark_out_format={json|console|csv}`. Specifying
`--benchmark_out` does not suppress the console output.
## Debug vs Release
By default, benchmark builds as a debug library. You will see a warning in the output when this is the case. To build it as a release library instead, use:
```
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
```
To enable link-time optimisation, use
```
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO=true
```
If you are using gcc, you might need to set `GCC_AR` and `GCC_RANLIB` cmake cache variables, if autodetection fails.
If you are using clang, you may need to set `LLVMAR_EXECUTABLE`, `LLVMNM_EXECUTABLE` and `LLVMRANLIB_EXECUTABLE` cmake cache variables.
## Linking against the library
When using gcc, it is necessary to link against pthread to avoid runtime exceptions.
This is due to how gcc implements std::thread.
See [issue #67](https://github.com/google/benchmark/issues/67) for more details.
## Compiler Support
Google Benchmark uses C++11 when building the library. As such we require
a modern C++ toolchain, both compiler and standard library.
The following minimum versions are strongly recommended build the library:
* GCC 4.8
* Clang 3.4
* Visual Studio 2013
* Intel 2015 Update 1
Anything older *may* work.
Note: Using the library and its headers in C++03 is supported. C++11 is only
required to build the library.
## Disable CPU frequency scaling
If you see this error:
```
***WARNING*** CPU scaling is enabled, the benchmark real time measurements may be noisy and will incur extra overhead.
```
you might want to disable the CPU frequency scaling while running the benchmark:
```bash
sudo cpupower frequency-set --governor performance
./mybench
sudo cpupower frequency-set --governor powersave
```
# Known Issues
### Windows
* Users must manually link `shlwapi.lib`. Failure to do so may result
in unresolved symbols.

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# - Adds a compiler flag if it is supported by the compiler
#
# This function checks that the supplied compiler flag is supported and then
# adds it to the corresponding compiler flags
#
# add_cxx_compiler_flag(<FLAG> [<VARIANT>])
#
# - Example
#
# include(AddCXXCompilerFlag)
# add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wall)
# add_cxx_compiler_flag(-no-strict-aliasing RELEASE)
# Requires CMake 2.6+
if(__add_cxx_compiler_flag)
return()
endif()
set(__add_cxx_compiler_flag INCLUDED)
include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
function(mangle_compiler_flag FLAG OUTPUT)
string(TOUPPER "HAVE_CXX_FLAG_${FLAG}" SANITIZED_FLAG)
string(REPLACE "+" "X" SANITIZED_FLAG ${SANITIZED_FLAG})
string(REGEX REPLACE "[^A-Za-z_0-9]" "_" SANITIZED_FLAG ${SANITIZED_FLAG})
string(REGEX REPLACE "_+" "_" SANITIZED_FLAG ${SANITIZED_FLAG})
set(${OUTPUT} "${SANITIZED_FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction(mangle_compiler_flag)
function(add_cxx_compiler_flag FLAG)
mangle_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" MANGLED_FLAG)
set(OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} ${FLAG}")
check_cxx_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" ${MANGLED_FLAG})
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
if(${MANGLED_FLAG})
set(VARIANT ${ARGV1})
if(ARGV1)
string(TOUPPER "_${VARIANT}" VARIANT)
endif()
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT} "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT}} ${BENCHMARK_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT}} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endif()
endfunction()
function(add_required_cxx_compiler_flag FLAG)
mangle_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" MANGLED_FLAG)
set(OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} ${FLAG}")
check_cxx_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" ${MANGLED_FLAG})
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
if(${MANGLED_FLAG})
set(VARIANT ${ARGV1})
if(ARGV1)
string(TOUPPER "_${VARIANT}" VARIANT)
endif()
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT} "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT}} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
else()
message(FATAL_ERROR "Required flag '${FLAG}' is not supported by the compiler")
endif()
endfunction()

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# - Compile and run code to check for C++ features
#
# This functions compiles a source file under the `cmake` folder
# and adds the corresponding `HAVE_[FILENAME]` flag to the CMake
# environment
#
# cxx_feature_check(<FLAG> [<VARIANT>])
#
# - Example
#
# include(CXXFeatureCheck)
# cxx_feature_check(STD_REGEX)
# Requires CMake 2.8.12+
if(__cxx_feature_check)
return()
endif()
set(__cxx_feature_check INCLUDED)
function(cxx_feature_check FILE)
string(TOLOWER ${FILE} FILE)
string(TOUPPER ${FILE} VAR)
string(TOUPPER "HAVE_${VAR}" FEATURE)
if (DEFINED HAVE_${VAR})
set(HAVE_${VAR} 1 PARENT_SCOPE)
add_definitions(-DHAVE_${VAR})
return()
endif()
message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE}")
if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
try_compile(COMPILE_${FEATURE}
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp
CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}
LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES})
if(COMPILE_${FEATURE})
message(WARNING
"If you see build failures due to cross compilation, try setting HAVE_${VAR} to 0")
set(RUN_${FEATURE} 0)
else()
set(RUN_${FEATURE} 1)
endif()
else()
message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE}")
try_run(RUN_${FEATURE} COMPILE_${FEATURE}
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp
CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}
LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES})
endif()
if(RUN_${FEATURE} EQUAL 0)
message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE} -- success")
set(HAVE_${VAR} 1 PARENT_SCOPE)
add_definitions(-DHAVE_${VAR})
else()
if(NOT COMPILE_${FEATURE})
message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE} -- failed to compile")
else()
message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE} -- compiled but failed to run")
endif()
endif()
endfunction()

1
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include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/@targets_export_name@.cmake")

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# - Returns a version string from Git tags
#
# This function inspects the annotated git tags for the project and returns a string
# into a CMake variable
#
# get_git_version(<var>)
#
# - Example
#
# include(GetGitVersion)
# get_git_version(GIT_VERSION)
#
# Requires CMake 2.8.11+
find_package(Git)
if(__get_git_version)
return()
endif()
set(__get_git_version INCLUDED)
function(get_git_version var)
if(GIT_EXECUTABLE)
execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} describe --match "v[0-9]*.[0-9]*.[0-9]*" --abbrev=8
RESULT_VARIABLE status
OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_VERSION
ERROR_QUIET)
if(${status})
set(GIT_VERSION "v0.0.0")
else()
string(STRIP ${GIT_VERSION} GIT_VERSION)
string(REGEX REPLACE "-[0-9]+-g" "-" GIT_VERSION ${GIT_VERSION})
endif()
# Work out if the repository is dirty
execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} update-index -q --refresh
OUTPUT_QUIET
ERROR_QUIET)
execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} diff-index --name-only HEAD --
OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_DIFF_INDEX
ERROR_QUIET)
string(COMPARE NOTEQUAL "${GIT_DIFF_INDEX}" "" GIT_DIRTY)
if (${GIT_DIRTY})
set(GIT_VERSION "${GIT_VERSION}-dirty")
endif()
else()
set(GIT_VERSION "v0.0.0")
endif()
message("-- git Version: ${GIT_VERSION}")
set(${var} ${GIT_VERSION} PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

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macro(split_list listname)
string(REPLACE ";" " " ${listname} "${${listname}}")
endmacro()
macro(build_external_gtest)
include(ExternalProject)
set(GTEST_FLAGS "")
if (BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX)
if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang")
list(APPEND GTEST_FLAGS -stdlib=libc++)
else()
message(WARNING "Unsupported compiler (${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}) when using libc++")
endif()
endif()
if (BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS)
list(APPEND GTEST_FLAGS -m32)
endif()
if (NOT "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}" STREQUAL "")
list(APPEND GTEST_FLAGS ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS})
endif()
string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" GTEST_BUILD_TYPE)
if ("${GTEST_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "COVERAGE")
set(GTEST_BUILD_TYPE "DEBUG")
endif()
split_list(GTEST_FLAGS)
ExternalProject_Add(googletest
EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ON
GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git
GIT_TAG master
PREFIX "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest"
INSTALL_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest"
CMAKE_CACHE_ARGS
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=${GTEST_BUILD_TYPE}
-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:STRING=${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:STRING=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=<INSTALL_DIR>
-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=${GTEST_FLAGS}
-Dgtest_force_shared_crt:BOOL=ON
)
ExternalProject_Get_Property(googletest install_dir)
add_library(gtest UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
add_library(gtest_main UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
set(LIB_SUFFIX "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
set(LIB_PREFIX "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}")
if("${GTEST_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "DEBUG")
set(LIB_SUFFIX "d${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
endif()
file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${install_dir}/include)
set_target_properties(gtest PROPERTIES
IMPORTED_LOCATION ${install_dir}/lib/${LIB_PREFIX}gtest${LIB_SUFFIX}
INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${install_dir}/include
)
set_target_properties(gtest_main PROPERTIES
IMPORTED_LOCATION ${install_dir}/lib/${LIB_PREFIX}gtest_main${LIB_SUFFIX}
INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${install_dir}/include
)
add_dependencies(gtest googletest)
add_dependencies(gtest_main googletest)
set(GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES gtest gtest_main)
#set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS ${install_dir}/include)
endmacro(build_external_gtest)
if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS)
if (IS_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest)
set(INSTALL_GTEST OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
set(INSTALL_GMOCK OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest)
set(GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES gtest gtest_main)
elseif(BENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES)
build_external_gtest()
else()
find_package(GTest REQUIRED)
endif()
endif()

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include(FeatureSummary)
find_program(LLVMAR_EXECUTABLE
NAMES llvm-ar
DOC "The llvm-ar executable"
)
include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
find_package_handle_standard_args(LLVMAr
DEFAULT_MSG
LLVMAR_EXECUTABLE)
SET_PACKAGE_PROPERTIES(LLVMAr PROPERTIES
URL https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-ar.html
DESCRIPTION "create, modify, and extract from archives"
)

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include(FeatureSummary)
find_program(LLVMNM_EXECUTABLE
NAMES llvm-nm
DOC "The llvm-nm executable"
)
include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
find_package_handle_standard_args(LLVMNm
DEFAULT_MSG
LLVMNM_EXECUTABLE)
SET_PACKAGE_PROPERTIES(LLVMNm PROPERTIES
URL https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-nm.html
DESCRIPTION "list LLVM bitcode and object file’s symbol table"
)

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include(FeatureSummary)
find_program(LLVMRANLIB_EXECUTABLE
NAMES llvm-ranlib
DOC "The llvm-ranlib executable"
)
include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
find_package_handle_standard_args(LLVMRanLib
DEFAULT_MSG
LLVMRANLIB_EXECUTABLE)
SET_PACKAGE_PROPERTIES(LLVMRanLib PROPERTIES
DESCRIPTION "generate index for LLVM archive"
)

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prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${prefix}/lib
includedir=${prefix}/include
Name: @PROJECT_NAME@
Description: Google microbenchmark framework
Version: @VERSION@
Libs: -L${libdir} -lbenchmark
Cflags: -I${includedir}

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#include <gnuregex.h>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str = "test0159";
regex_t re;
int ec = regcomp(&re, "^[a-z]+[0-9]+$", REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB);
if (ec != 0) {
return ec;
}
return regexec(&re, str.c_str(), 0, nullptr, 0) ? -1 : 0;
}

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find_package(LLVMAr REQUIRED)
set(CMAKE_AR "${LLVMAR_EXECUTABLE}" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE)
find_package(LLVMNm REQUIRED)
set(CMAKE_NM "${LLVMNM_EXECUTABLE}" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE)
find_package(LLVMRanLib REQUIRED)
set(CMAKE_RANLIB "${LLVMRANLIB_EXECUTABLE}" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE)

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#include <regex.h>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string str = "test0159";
regex_t re;
int ec = regcomp(&re, "^[a-z]+[0-9]+$", REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB);
if (ec != 0) {
return ec;
}
int ret = regexec(&re, str.c_str(), 0, nullptr, 0) ? -1 : 0;
regfree(&re);
return ret;
}

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#include <regex>
#include <string>
int main() {
const std::string str = "test0159";
std::regex re;
re = std::regex("^[a-z]+[0-9]+$",
std::regex_constants::extended | std::regex_constants::nosubs);
return std::regex_search(str, re) ? 0 : -1;
}

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#include <chrono>
int main() {
typedef std::chrono::steady_clock Clock;
Clock::time_point tp = Clock::now();
((void)tp);
}

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#define HAVE_THREAD_SAFETY_ATTRIBUTES
#include "../src/mutex.h"
int main() {}

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# Allow the source files to find headers in src/
include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src)
if (DEFINED BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS)
list(APPEND CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS})
list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS})
endif()
file(GLOB
SOURCE_FILES
*.cc
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/benchmark/*.h
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.h)
add_library(benchmark ${SOURCE_FILES})
set_target_properties(benchmark PROPERTIES
OUTPUT_NAME "benchmark"
VERSION ${GENERIC_LIB_VERSION}
SOVERSION ${GENERIC_LIB_SOVERSION}
)
target_include_directories(benchmark PUBLIC
$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include>
)
# Link threads.
target_link_libraries(benchmark ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
find_library(LIBRT rt)
if(LIBRT)
target_link_libraries(benchmark ${LIBRT})
endif()
# We need extra libraries on Windows
if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
target_link_libraries(benchmark Shlwapi)
endif()
set(include_install_dir "include")
set(lib_install_dir "lib/")
set(bin_install_dir "bin/")
set(config_install_dir "lib/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}")
set(pkgconfig_install_dir "lib/pkgconfig")
set(generated_dir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/generated")
set(version_config "${generated_dir}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake")
set(project_config "${generated_dir}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake")
set(pkg_config "${generated_dir}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc")
set(targets_export_name "${PROJECT_NAME}Targets")
set(namespace "${PROJECT_NAME}::")
include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
write_basic_package_version_file(
"${version_config}" VERSION ${GIT_VERSION} COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
)
configure_file("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/Config.cmake.in" "${project_config}" @ONLY)
configure_file("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/benchmark.pc.in" "${pkg_config}" @ONLY)
if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_INSTALL)
# Install target (will install the library to specified CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX variable)
install(
TARGETS benchmark
EXPORT ${targets_export_name}
ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir}
LIBRARY DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir}
RUNTIME DESTINATION ${bin_install_dir}
INCLUDES DESTINATION ${include_install_dir})
install(
DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/benchmark"
DESTINATION ${include_install_dir}
FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.*h")
install(
FILES "${project_config}" "${version_config}"
DESTINATION "${config_install_dir}")
install(
FILES "${pkg_config}"
DESTINATION "${pkgconfig_install_dir}")
install(
EXPORT "${targets_export_name}"
NAMESPACE "${namespace}"
DESTINATION "${config_install_dir}")
endif()

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_ARRAYSIZE_H_
#define BENCHMARK_ARRAYSIZE_H_
#include "internal_macros.h"
namespace benchmark {
namespace internal {
// The arraysize(arr) macro returns the # of elements in an array arr.
// The expression is a compile-time constant, and therefore can be
// used in defining new arrays, for example. If you use arraysize on
// a pointer by mistake, you will get a compile-time error.
//
// This template function declaration is used in defining arraysize.
// Note that the function doesn't need an implementation, as we only
// use its type.
template <typename T, size_t N>
char (&ArraySizeHelper(T (&array)[N]))[N];
// That gcc wants both of these prototypes seems mysterious. VC, for
// its part, can't decide which to use (another mystery). Matching of
// template overloads: the final frontier.
#ifndef COMPILER_MSVC
template <typename T, size_t N>
char (&ArraySizeHelper(const T (&array)[N]))[N];
#endif
#define arraysize(array) (sizeof(::benchmark::internal::ArraySizeHelper(array)))
} // end namespace internal
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_ARRAYSIZE_H_

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include "benchmark_api_internal.h"
#include "internal_macros.h"
#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <algorithm>
#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <thread>
#include "check.h"
#include "colorprint.h"
#include "commandlineflags.h"
#include "complexity.h"
#include "counter.h"
#include "internal_macros.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "mutex.h"
#include "re.h"
#include "statistics.h"
#include "string_util.h"
#include "timers.h"
DEFINE_bool(benchmark_list_tests, false,
"Print a list of benchmarks. This option overrides all other "
"options.");
DEFINE_string(benchmark_filter, ".",
"A regular expression that specifies the set of benchmarks "
"to execute. If this flag is empty, no benchmarks are run. "
"If this flag is the string \"all\", all benchmarks linked "
"into the process are run.");
DEFINE_double(benchmark_min_time, 0.5,
"Minimum number of seconds we should run benchmark before "
"results are considered significant. For cpu-time based "
"tests, this is the lower bound on the total cpu time "
"used by all threads that make up the test. For real-time "
"based tests, this is the lower bound on the elapsed time "
"of the benchmark execution, regardless of number of "
"threads.");
DEFINE_int32(benchmark_repetitions, 1,
"The number of runs of each benchmark. If greater than 1, the "
"mean and standard deviation of the runs will be reported.");
DEFINE_bool(benchmark_report_aggregates_only, false,
"Report the result of each benchmark repetitions. When 'true' is "
"specified only the mean, standard deviation, and other statistics "
"are reported for repeated benchmarks.");
DEFINE_string(benchmark_format, "console",
"The format to use for console output. Valid values are "
"'console', 'json', or 'csv'.");
DEFINE_string(benchmark_out_format, "json",
"The format to use for file output. Valid values are "
"'console', 'json', or 'csv'.");
DEFINE_string(benchmark_out, "", "The file to write additonal output to");
DEFINE_string(benchmark_color, "auto",
"Whether to use colors in the output. Valid values: "
"'true'/'yes'/1, 'false'/'no'/0, and 'auto'. 'auto' means to use "
"colors if the output is being sent to a terminal and the TERM "
"environment variable is set to a terminal type that supports "
"colors.");
DEFINE_bool(benchmark_counters_tabular, false,
"Whether to use tabular format when printing user counters to "
"the console. Valid values: 'true'/'yes'/1, 'false'/'no'/0."
"Defaults to false.");
DEFINE_int32(v, 0, "The level of verbose logging to output");
namespace benchmark {
namespace {
static const size_t kMaxIterations = 1000000000;
} // end namespace
namespace internal {
void UseCharPointer(char const volatile*) {}
class ThreadManager {
public:
ThreadManager(int num_threads)
: alive_threads_(num_threads), start_stop_barrier_(num_threads) {}
Mutex& GetBenchmarkMutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(benchmark_mutex_) {
return benchmark_mutex_;
}
bool StartStopBarrier() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
return start_stop_barrier_.wait();
}
void NotifyThreadComplete() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
start_stop_barrier_.removeThread();
if (--alive_threads_ == 0) {
MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_);
end_condition_.notify_all();
}
}
void WaitForAllThreads() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_);
end_condition_.wait(lock.native_handle(),
[this]() { return alive_threads_ == 0; });
}
public:
struct Result {
double real_time_used = 0;
double cpu_time_used = 0;
double manual_time_used = 0;
int64_t bytes_processed = 0;
int64_t items_processed = 0;
int complexity_n = 0;
std::string report_label_;
std::string error_message_;
bool has_error_ = false;
UserCounters counters;
};
GUARDED_BY(GetBenchmarkMutex()) Result results;
private:
mutable Mutex benchmark_mutex_;
std::atomic<int> alive_threads_;
Barrier start_stop_barrier_;
Mutex end_cond_mutex_;
Condition end_condition_;
};
// Timer management class
class ThreadTimer {
public:
ThreadTimer() = default;
// Called by each thread
void StartTimer() {
running_ = true;
start_real_time_ = ChronoClockNow();
start_cpu_time_ = ThreadCPUUsage();
}
// Called by each thread
void StopTimer() {
CHECK(running_);
running_ = false;
real_time_used_ += ChronoClockNow() - start_real_time_;
// Floating point error can result in the subtraction producing a negative
// time. Guard against that.
cpu_time_used_ += std::max<double>(ThreadCPUUsage() - start_cpu_time_, 0);
}
// Called by each thread
void SetIterationTime(double seconds) { manual_time_used_ += seconds; }
bool running() const { return running_; }
// REQUIRES: timer is not running
double real_time_used() {
CHECK(!running_);
return real_time_used_;
}
// REQUIRES: timer is not running
double cpu_time_used() {
CHECK(!running_);
return cpu_time_used_;
}
// REQUIRES: timer is not running
double manual_time_used() {
CHECK(!running_);
return manual_time_used_;
}
private:
bool running_ = false; // Is the timer running
double start_real_time_ = 0; // If running_
double start_cpu_time_ = 0; // If running_
// Accumulated time so far (does not contain current slice if running_)
double real_time_used_ = 0;
double cpu_time_used_ = 0;
// Manually set iteration time. User sets this with SetIterationTime(seconds).
double manual_time_used_ = 0;
};
namespace {
BenchmarkReporter::Run CreateRunReport(
const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance& b,
const internal::ThreadManager::Result& results, size_t iters,
double seconds) {
// Create report about this benchmark run.
BenchmarkReporter::Run report;
report.benchmark_name = b.name;
report.error_occurred = results.has_error_;
report.error_message = results.error_message_;
report.report_label = results.report_label_;
// Report the total iterations across all threads.
report.iterations = static_cast<int64_t>(iters) * b.threads;
report.time_unit = b.time_unit;
if (!report.error_occurred) {
double bytes_per_second = 0;
if (results.bytes_processed > 0 && seconds > 0.0) {
bytes_per_second = (results.bytes_processed / seconds);
}
double items_per_second = 0;
if (results.items_processed > 0 && seconds > 0.0) {
items_per_second = (results.items_processed / seconds);
}
if (b.use_manual_time) {
report.real_accumulated_time = results.manual_time_used;
} else {
report.real_accumulated_time = results.real_time_used;
}
report.cpu_accumulated_time = results.cpu_time_used;
report.bytes_per_second = bytes_per_second;
report.items_per_second = items_per_second;
report.complexity_n = results.complexity_n;
report.complexity = b.complexity;
report.complexity_lambda = b.complexity_lambda;
report.statistics = b.statistics;
report.counters = results.counters;
internal::Finish(&report.counters, seconds, b.threads);
}
return report;
}
// Execute one thread of benchmark b for the specified number of iterations.
// Adds the stats collected for the thread into *total.
void RunInThread(const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance* b,
size_t iters, int thread_id,
internal::ThreadManager* manager) {
internal::ThreadTimer timer;
State st(iters, b->arg, thread_id, b->threads, &timer, manager);
b->benchmark->Run(st);
CHECK(st.iterations() == st.max_iterations)
<< "Benchmark returned before State::KeepRunning() returned false!";
{
MutexLock l(manager->GetBenchmarkMutex());
internal::ThreadManager::Result& results = manager->results;
results.cpu_time_used += timer.cpu_time_used();
results.real_time_used += timer.real_time_used();
results.manual_time_used += timer.manual_time_used();
results.bytes_processed += st.bytes_processed();
results.items_processed += st.items_processed();
results.complexity_n += st.complexity_length_n();
internal::Increment(&results.counters, st.counters);
}
manager->NotifyThreadComplete();
}
std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> RunBenchmark(
const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance& b,
std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>* complexity_reports) {
std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> reports; // return value
const bool has_explicit_iteration_count = b.iterations != 0;
size_t iters = has_explicit_iteration_count ? b.iterations : 1;
std::unique_ptr<internal::ThreadManager> manager;
std::vector<std::thread> pool(b.threads - 1);
const int repeats =
b.repetitions != 0 ? b.repetitions : FLAGS_benchmark_repetitions;
const bool report_aggregates_only =
repeats != 1 &&
(b.report_mode == internal::RM_Unspecified
? FLAGS_benchmark_report_aggregates_only
: b.report_mode == internal::RM_ReportAggregatesOnly);
for (int repetition_num = 0; repetition_num < repeats; repetition_num++) {
for (;;) {
// Try benchmark
VLOG(2) << "Running " << b.name << " for " << iters << "\n";
manager.reset(new internal::ThreadManager(b.threads));
for (std::size_t ti = 0; ti < pool.size(); ++ti) {
pool[ti] = std::thread(&RunInThread, &b, iters,
static_cast<int>(ti + 1), manager.get());
}
RunInThread(&b, iters, 0, manager.get());
manager->WaitForAllThreads();
for (std::thread& thread : pool) thread.join();
internal::ThreadManager::Result results;
{
MutexLock l(manager->GetBenchmarkMutex());
results = manager->results;
}
manager.reset();
// Adjust real/manual time stats since they were reported per thread.
results.real_time_used /= b.threads;
results.manual_time_used /= b.threads;
VLOG(2) << "Ran in " << results.cpu_time_used << "/"
<< results.real_time_used << "\n";
// Base decisions off of real time if requested by this benchmark.
double seconds = results.cpu_time_used;
if (b.use_manual_time) {
seconds = results.manual_time_used;
} else if (b.use_real_time) {
seconds = results.real_time_used;
}
const double min_time =
!IsZero(b.min_time) ? b.min_time : FLAGS_benchmark_min_time;
// Determine if this run should be reported; Either it has
// run for a sufficient amount of time or because an error was reported.
const bool should_report = repetition_num > 0
|| has_explicit_iteration_count // An exact iteration count was requested
|| results.has_error_
|| iters >= kMaxIterations
|| seconds >= min_time // the elapsed time is large enough
// CPU time is specified but the elapsed real time greatly exceeds the
// minimum time. Note that user provided timers are except from this
// sanity check.
|| ((results.real_time_used >= 5 * min_time) && !b.use_manual_time);
if (should_report) {
BenchmarkReporter::Run report =
CreateRunReport(b, results, iters, seconds);
if (!report.error_occurred && b.complexity != oNone)
complexity_reports->push_back(report);
reports.push_back(report);
break;
}
// See how much iterations should be increased by
// Note: Avoid division by zero with max(seconds, 1ns).
double multiplier = min_time * 1.4 / std::max(seconds, 1e-9);
// If our last run was at least 10% of FLAGS_benchmark_min_time then we
// use the multiplier directly. Otherwise we use at most 10 times
// expansion.
// NOTE: When the last run was at least 10% of the min time the max
// expansion should be 14x.
bool is_significant = (seconds / min_time) > 0.1;
multiplier = is_significant ? multiplier : std::min(10.0, multiplier);
if (multiplier <= 1.0) multiplier = 2.0;
double next_iters = std::max(multiplier * iters, iters + 1.0);
if (next_iters > kMaxIterations) {
next_iters = kMaxIterations;
}
VLOG(3) << "Next iters: " << next_iters << ", " << multiplier << "\n";
iters = static_cast<int>(next_iters + 0.5);
}
}
// Calculate additional statistics
auto stat_reports = ComputeStats(reports);
if ((b.complexity != oNone) && b.last_benchmark_instance) {
auto additional_run_stats = ComputeBigO(*complexity_reports);
stat_reports.insert(stat_reports.end(), additional_run_stats.begin(),
additional_run_stats.end());
complexity_reports->clear();
}
if (report_aggregates_only) reports.clear();
reports.insert(reports.end(), stat_reports.begin(), stat_reports.end());
return reports;
}
} // namespace
} // namespace internal
State::State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector<int>& ranges, int thread_i,
int n_threads, internal::ThreadTimer* timer,
internal::ThreadManager* manager)
: started_(false),
finished_(false),
total_iterations_(max_iters + 1),
range_(ranges),
bytes_processed_(0),
items_processed_(0),
complexity_n_(0),
error_occurred_(false),
counters(),
thread_index(thread_i),
threads(n_threads),
max_iterations(max_iters),
timer_(timer),
manager_(manager) {
CHECK(max_iterations != 0) << "At least one iteration must be run";
CHECK(total_iterations_ != 0) << "max iterations wrapped around";
CHECK_LT(thread_index, threads) << "thread_index must be less than threads";
}
void State::PauseTiming() {
// Add in time accumulated so far
CHECK(started_ && !finished_ && !error_occurred_);
timer_->StopTimer();
}
void State::ResumeTiming() {
CHECK(started_ && !finished_ && !error_occurred_);
timer_->StartTimer();
}
void State::SkipWithError(const char* msg) {
CHECK(msg);
error_occurred_ = true;
{
MutexLock l(manager_->GetBenchmarkMutex());
if (manager_->results.has_error_ == false) {
manager_->results.error_message_ = msg;
manager_->results.has_error_ = true;
}
}
total_iterations_ = 1;
if (timer_->running()) timer_->StopTimer();
}
void State::SetIterationTime(double seconds) {
timer_->SetIterationTime(seconds);
}
void State::SetLabel(const char* label) {
MutexLock l(manager_->GetBenchmarkMutex());
manager_->results.report_label_ = label;
}
void State::StartKeepRunning() {
CHECK(!started_ && !finished_);
started_ = true;
manager_->StartStopBarrier();
if (!error_occurred_) ResumeTiming();
}
void State::FinishKeepRunning() {
CHECK(started_ && (!finished_ || error_occurred_));
if (!error_occurred_) {
PauseTiming();
}
// Total iterations has now wrapped around zero. Fix this.
total_iterations_ = 1;
finished_ = true;
manager_->StartStopBarrier();
}
namespace internal {
namespace {
void RunBenchmarks(const std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>& benchmarks,
BenchmarkReporter* console_reporter,
BenchmarkReporter* file_reporter) {
// Note the file_reporter can be null.
CHECK(console_reporter != nullptr);
// Determine the width of the name field using a minimum width of 10.
bool has_repetitions = FLAGS_benchmark_repetitions > 1;
size_t name_field_width = 10;
size_t stat_field_width = 0;
for (const Benchmark::Instance& benchmark : benchmarks) {
name_field_width =
std::max<size_t>(name_field_width, benchmark.name.size());
has_repetitions |= benchmark.repetitions > 1;
for(const auto& Stat : *benchmark.statistics)
stat_field_width = std::max<size_t>(stat_field_width, Stat.name_.size());
}
if (has_repetitions) name_field_width += 1 + stat_field_width;
// Print header here
BenchmarkReporter::Context context;
context.name_field_width = name_field_width;
// Keep track of runing times of all instances of current benchmark
std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> complexity_reports;
// We flush streams after invoking reporter methods that write to them. This
// ensures users get timely updates even when streams are not line-buffered.
auto flushStreams = [](BenchmarkReporter* reporter) {
if (!reporter) return;
std::flush(reporter->GetOutputStream());
std::flush(reporter->GetErrorStream());
};
if (console_reporter->ReportContext(context) &&
(!file_reporter || file_reporter->ReportContext(context))) {
flushStreams(console_reporter);
flushStreams(file_reporter);
for (const auto& benchmark : benchmarks) {
std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> reports =
RunBenchmark(benchmark, &complexity_reports);
console_reporter->ReportRuns(reports);
if (file_reporter) file_reporter->ReportRuns(reports);
flushStreams(console_reporter);
flushStreams(file_reporter);
}
}
console_reporter->Finalize();
if (file_reporter) file_reporter->Finalize();
flushStreams(console_reporter);
flushStreams(file_reporter);
}
std::unique_ptr<BenchmarkReporter> CreateReporter(
std::string const& name, ConsoleReporter::OutputOptions output_opts) {
typedef std::unique_ptr<BenchmarkReporter> PtrType;
if (name == "console") {
return PtrType(new ConsoleReporter(output_opts));
} else if (name == "json") {
return PtrType(new JSONReporter);
} else if (name == "csv") {
return PtrType(new CSVReporter);
} else {
std::cerr << "Unexpected format: '" << name << "'\n";
std::exit(1);
}
}
} // end namespace
bool IsZero(double n) {
return std::abs(n) < std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();
}
ConsoleReporter::OutputOptions GetOutputOptions(bool force_no_color) {
int output_opts = ConsoleReporter::OO_Defaults;
if ((FLAGS_benchmark_color == "auto" && IsColorTerminal()) ||
IsTruthyFlagValue(FLAGS_benchmark_color)) {
output_opts |= ConsoleReporter::OO_Color;
} else {
output_opts &= ~ConsoleReporter::OO_Color;
}
if(force_no_color) {
output_opts &= ~ConsoleReporter::OO_Color;
}
if(FLAGS_benchmark_counters_tabular) {
output_opts |= ConsoleReporter::OO_Tabular;
} else {
output_opts &= ~ConsoleReporter::OO_Tabular;
}
return static_cast< ConsoleReporter::OutputOptions >(output_opts);
}
} // end namespace internal
size_t RunSpecifiedBenchmarks() {
return RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(nullptr, nullptr);
}
size_t RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(BenchmarkReporter* console_reporter) {
return RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(console_reporter, nullptr);
}
size_t RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(BenchmarkReporter* console_reporter,
BenchmarkReporter* file_reporter) {
std::string spec = FLAGS_benchmark_filter;
if (spec.empty() || spec == "all")
spec = "."; // Regexp that matches all benchmarks
// Setup the reporters
std::ofstream output_file;
std::unique_ptr<BenchmarkReporter> default_console_reporter;
std::unique_ptr<BenchmarkReporter> default_file_reporter;
if (!console_reporter) {
default_console_reporter = internal::CreateReporter(
FLAGS_benchmark_format, internal::GetOutputOptions());
console_reporter = default_console_reporter.get();
}
auto& Out = console_reporter->GetOutputStream();
auto& Err = console_reporter->GetErrorStream();
std::string const& fname = FLAGS_benchmark_out;
if (fname.empty() && file_reporter) {
Err << "A custom file reporter was provided but "
"--benchmark_out=<file> was not specified."
<< std::endl;
std::exit(1);
}
if (!fname.empty()) {
output_file.open(fname);
if (!output_file.is_open()) {
Err << "invalid file name: '" << fname << std::endl;
std::exit(1);
}
if (!file_reporter) {
default_file_reporter = internal::CreateReporter(
FLAGS_benchmark_out_format, ConsoleReporter::OO_None);
file_reporter = default_file_reporter.get();
}
file_reporter->SetOutputStream(&output_file);
file_reporter->SetErrorStream(&output_file);
}
std::vector<internal::Benchmark::Instance> benchmarks;
if (!FindBenchmarksInternal(spec, &benchmarks, &Err)) return 0;
if (benchmarks.empty()) {
Err << "Failed to match any benchmarks against regex: " << spec << "\n";
return 0;
}
if (FLAGS_benchmark_list_tests) {
for (auto const& benchmark : benchmarks) Out << benchmark.name << "\n";
} else {
internal::RunBenchmarks(benchmarks, console_reporter, file_reporter);
}
return benchmarks.size();
}
namespace internal {
void PrintUsageAndExit() {
fprintf(stdout,
"benchmark"
" [--benchmark_list_tests={true|false}]\n"
" [--benchmark_filter=<regex>]\n"
" [--benchmark_min_time=<min_time>]\n"
" [--benchmark_repetitions=<num_repetitions>]\n"
" [--benchmark_report_aggregates_only={true|false}\n"
" [--benchmark_format=<console|json|csv>]\n"
" [--benchmark_out=<filename>]\n"
" [--benchmark_out_format=<json|console|csv>]\n"
" [--benchmark_color={auto|true|false}]\n"
" [--benchmark_counters_tabular={true|false}]\n"
" [--v=<verbosity>]\n");
exit(0);
}
void ParseCommandLineFlags(int* argc, char** argv) {
using namespace benchmark;
for (int i = 1; i < *argc; ++i) {
if (ParseBoolFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_list_tests",
&FLAGS_benchmark_list_tests) ||
ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_filter", &FLAGS_benchmark_filter) ||
ParseDoubleFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_min_time",
&FLAGS_benchmark_min_time) ||
ParseInt32Flag(argv[i], "benchmark_repetitions",
&FLAGS_benchmark_repetitions) ||
ParseBoolFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_report_aggregates_only",
&FLAGS_benchmark_report_aggregates_only) ||
ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_format", &FLAGS_benchmark_format) ||
ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_out", &FLAGS_benchmark_out) ||
ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_out_format",
&FLAGS_benchmark_out_format) ||
ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_color", &FLAGS_benchmark_color) ||
// "color_print" is the deprecated name for "benchmark_color".
// TODO: Remove this.
ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "color_print", &FLAGS_benchmark_color) ||
ParseBoolFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_counters_tabular",
&FLAGS_benchmark_counters_tabular) ||
ParseInt32Flag(argv[i], "v", &FLAGS_v)) {
for (int j = i; j != *argc - 1; ++j) argv[j] = argv[j + 1];
--(*argc);
--i;
} else if (IsFlag(argv[i], "help")) {
PrintUsageAndExit();
}
}
for (auto const* flag :
{&FLAGS_benchmark_format, &FLAGS_benchmark_out_format})
if (*flag != "console" && *flag != "json" && *flag != "csv") {
PrintUsageAndExit();
}
if (FLAGS_benchmark_color.empty()) {
PrintUsageAndExit();
}
}
int InitializeStreams() {
static std::ios_base::Init init;
return 0;
}
} // end namespace internal
void Initialize(int* argc, char** argv) {
internal::ParseCommandLineFlags(argc, argv);
internal::LogLevel() = FLAGS_v;
}
bool ReportUnrecognizedArguments(int argc, char** argv) {
for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: unrecognized command-line flag: %s\n", argv[0], argv[i]);
}
return argc > 1;
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_API_INTERNAL_H
#define BENCHMARK_API_INTERNAL_H
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <limits>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
namespace benchmark {
namespace internal {
// Information kept per benchmark we may want to run
struct Benchmark::Instance {
std::string name;
Benchmark* benchmark;
ReportMode report_mode;
std::vector<int> arg;
TimeUnit time_unit;
int range_multiplier;
bool use_real_time;
bool use_manual_time;
BigO complexity;
BigOFunc* complexity_lambda;
UserCounters counters;
const std::vector<Statistics>* statistics;
bool last_benchmark_instance;
int repetitions;
double min_time;
size_t iterations;
int threads; // Number of concurrent threads to us
};
bool FindBenchmarksInternal(const std::string& re,
std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
std::ostream* Err);
bool IsZero(double n);
ConsoleReporter::OutputOptions GetOutputOptions(bool force_no_color = false);
} // end namespace internal
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_API_INTERNAL_H

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include "benchmark_api_internal.h"
#include "internal_macros.h"
#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <algorithm>
#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <thread>
#include "check.h"
#include "commandlineflags.h"
#include "complexity.h"
#include "statistics.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "mutex.h"
#include "re.h"
#include "string_util.h"
#include "timers.h"
namespace benchmark {
namespace {
// For non-dense Range, intermediate values are powers of kRangeMultiplier.
static const int kRangeMultiplier = 8;
// The size of a benchmark family determines is the number of inputs to repeat
// the benchmark on. If this is "large" then warn the user during configuration.
static const size_t kMaxFamilySize = 100;
} // end namespace
namespace internal {
//=============================================================================//
// BenchmarkFamilies
//=============================================================================//
// Class for managing registered benchmarks. Note that each registered
// benchmark identifies a family of related benchmarks to run.
class BenchmarkFamilies {
public:
static BenchmarkFamilies* GetInstance();
// Registers a benchmark family and returns the index assigned to it.
size_t AddBenchmark(std::unique_ptr<Benchmark> family);
// Clear all registered benchmark families.
void ClearBenchmarks();
// Extract the list of benchmark instances that match the specified
// regular expression.
bool FindBenchmarks(const std::string& re,
std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
std::ostream* Err);
private:
BenchmarkFamilies() {}
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Benchmark>> families_;
Mutex mutex_;
};
BenchmarkFamilies* BenchmarkFamilies::GetInstance() {
static BenchmarkFamilies instance;
return &instance;
}
size_t BenchmarkFamilies::AddBenchmark(std::unique_ptr<Benchmark> family) {
MutexLock l(mutex_);
size_t index = families_.size();
families_.push_back(std::move(family));
return index;
}
void BenchmarkFamilies::ClearBenchmarks() {
MutexLock l(mutex_);
families_.clear();
families_.shrink_to_fit();
}
bool BenchmarkFamilies::FindBenchmarks(
const std::string& spec, std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
std::ostream* ErrStream) {
CHECK(ErrStream);
auto& Err = *ErrStream;
// Make regular expression out of command-line flag
std::string error_msg;
Regex re;
if (!re.Init(spec, &error_msg)) {
Err << "Could not compile benchmark re: " << error_msg << std::endl;
return false;
}
// Special list of thread counts to use when none are specified
const std::vector<int> one_thread = {1};
MutexLock l(mutex_);
for (std::unique_ptr<Benchmark>& family : families_) {
// Family was deleted or benchmark doesn't match
if (!family) continue;
if (family->ArgsCnt() == -1) {
family->Args({});
}
const std::vector<int>* thread_counts =
(family->thread_counts_.empty()
? &one_thread
: &static_cast<const std::vector<int>&>(family->thread_counts_));
const size_t family_size = family->args_.size() * thread_counts->size();
// The benchmark will be run at least 'family_size' different inputs.
// If 'family_size' is very large warn the user.
if (family_size > kMaxFamilySize) {
Err << "The number of inputs is very large. " << family->name_
<< " will be repeated at least " << family_size << " times.\n";
}
// reserve in the special case the regex ".", since we know the final
// family size.
if (spec == ".") benchmarks->reserve(family_size);
for (auto const& args : family->args_) {
for (int num_threads : *thread_counts) {
Benchmark::Instance instance;
instance.name = family->name_;
instance.benchmark = family.get();
instance.report_mode = family->report_mode_;
instance.arg = args;
instance.time_unit = family->time_unit_;
instance.range_multiplier = family->range_multiplier_;
instance.min_time = family->min_time_;
instance.iterations = family->iterations_;
instance.repetitions = family->repetitions_;
instance.use_real_time = family->use_real_time_;
instance.use_manual_time = family->use_manual_time_;
instance.complexity = family->complexity_;
instance.complexity_lambda = family->complexity_lambda_;
instance.statistics = &family->statistics_;
instance.threads = num_threads;
// Add arguments to instance name
size_t arg_i = 0;
for (auto const& arg : args) {
instance.name += "/";
if (arg_i < family->arg_names_.size()) {
const auto& arg_name = family->arg_names_[arg_i];
if (!arg_name.empty()) {
instance.name +=
StringPrintF("%s:", family->arg_names_[arg_i].c_str());
}
}
instance.name += StringPrintF("%d", arg);
++arg_i;
}
if (!IsZero(family->min_time_))
instance.name += StringPrintF("/min_time:%0.3f", family->min_time_);
if (family->iterations_ != 0)
instance.name += StringPrintF("/iterations:%d", family->iterations_);
if (family->repetitions_ != 0)
instance.name += StringPrintF("/repeats:%d", family->repetitions_);
if (family->use_manual_time_) {
instance.name += "/manual_time";
} else if (family->use_real_time_) {
instance.name += "/real_time";
}
// Add the number of threads used to the name
if (!family->thread_counts_.empty()) {
instance.name += StringPrintF("/threads:%d", instance.threads);
}
if (re.Match(instance.name)) {
instance.last_benchmark_instance = (&args == &family->args_.back());
benchmarks->push_back(std::move(instance));
}
}
}
}
return true;
}
Benchmark* RegisterBenchmarkInternal(Benchmark* bench) {
std::unique_ptr<Benchmark> bench_ptr(bench);
BenchmarkFamilies* families = BenchmarkFamilies::GetInstance();
families->AddBenchmark(std::move(bench_ptr));
return bench;
}
// FIXME: This function is a hack so that benchmark.cc can access
// `BenchmarkFamilies`
bool FindBenchmarksInternal(const std::string& re,
std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
std::ostream* Err) {
return BenchmarkFamilies::GetInstance()->FindBenchmarks(re, benchmarks, Err);
}
//=============================================================================//
// Benchmark
//=============================================================================//
Benchmark::Benchmark(const char* name)
: name_(name),
report_mode_(RM_Unspecified),
time_unit_(kNanosecond),
range_multiplier_(kRangeMultiplier),
min_time_(0),
iterations_(0),
repetitions_(0),
use_real_time_(false),
use_manual_time_(false),
complexity_(oNone),
complexity_lambda_(nullptr) {
ComputeStatistics("mean", StatisticsMean);
ComputeStatistics("median", StatisticsMedian);
ComputeStatistics("stddev", StatisticsStdDev);
}
Benchmark::~Benchmark() {}
void Benchmark::AddRange(std::vector<int>* dst, int lo, int hi, int mult) {
CHECK_GE(lo, 0);
CHECK_GE(hi, lo);
CHECK_GE(mult, 2);
// Add "lo"
dst->push_back(lo);
static const int kint32max = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
// Now space out the benchmarks in multiples of "mult"
for (int32_t i = 1; i < kint32max / mult; i *= mult) {
if (i >= hi) break;
if (i > lo) {
dst->push_back(i);
}
}
// Add "hi" (if different from "lo")
if (hi != lo) {
dst->push_back(hi);
}
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Arg(int x) {
CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
args_.push_back({x});
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Unit(TimeUnit unit) {
time_unit_ = unit;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Range(int start, int limit) {
CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
std::vector<int> arglist;
AddRange(&arglist, start, limit, range_multiplier_);
for (int i : arglist) {
args_.push_back({i});
}
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Ranges(const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>& ranges) {
CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast<int>(ranges.size()));
std::vector<std::vector<int>> arglists(ranges.size());
std::size_t total = 1;
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < ranges.size(); i++) {
AddRange(&arglists[i], ranges[i].first, ranges[i].second,
range_multiplier_);
total *= arglists[i].size();
}
std::vector<std::size_t> ctr(arglists.size(), 0);
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < total; i++) {
std::vector<int> tmp;
tmp.reserve(arglists.size());
for (std::size_t j = 0; j < arglists.size(); j++) {
tmp.push_back(arglists[j].at(ctr[j]));
}
args_.push_back(std::move(tmp));
for (std::size_t j = 0; j < arglists.size(); j++) {
if (ctr[j] + 1 < arglists[j].size()) {
++ctr[j];
break;
}
ctr[j] = 0;
}
}
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::ArgName(const std::string& name) {
CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
arg_names_ = {name};
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::ArgNames(const std::vector<std::string>& names) {
CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast<int>(names.size()));
arg_names_ = names;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::DenseRange(int start, int limit, int step) {
CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
CHECK_GE(start, 0);
CHECK_LE(start, limit);
for (int arg = start; arg <= limit; arg += step) {
args_.push_back({arg});
}
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Args(const std::vector<int>& args) {
CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast<int>(args.size()));
args_.push_back(args);
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Apply(void (*custom_arguments)(Benchmark* benchmark)) {
custom_arguments(this);
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::RangeMultiplier(int multiplier) {
CHECK(multiplier > 1);
range_multiplier_ = multiplier;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::MinTime(double t) {
CHECK(t > 0.0);
CHECK(iterations_ == 0);
min_time_ = t;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Iterations(size_t n) {
CHECK(n > 0);
CHECK(IsZero(min_time_));
iterations_ = n;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Repetitions(int n) {
CHECK(n > 0);
repetitions_ = n;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::ReportAggregatesOnly(bool value) {
report_mode_ = value ? RM_ReportAggregatesOnly : RM_Default;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::UseRealTime() {
CHECK(!use_manual_time_)
<< "Cannot set UseRealTime and UseManualTime simultaneously.";
use_real_time_ = true;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::UseManualTime() {
CHECK(!use_real_time_)
<< "Cannot set UseRealTime and UseManualTime simultaneously.";
use_manual_time_ = true;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Complexity(BigO complexity) {
complexity_ = complexity;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Complexity(BigOFunc* complexity) {
complexity_lambda_ = complexity;
complexity_ = oLambda;
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::ComputeStatistics(std::string name,
StatisticsFunc* statistics) {
statistics_.emplace_back(name, statistics);
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::Threads(int t) {
CHECK_GT(t, 0);
thread_counts_.push_back(t);
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::ThreadRange(int min_threads, int max_threads) {
CHECK_GT(min_threads, 0);
CHECK_GE(max_threads, min_threads);
AddRange(&thread_counts_, min_threads, max_threads, 2);
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::DenseThreadRange(int min_threads, int max_threads,
int stride) {
CHECK_GT(min_threads, 0);
CHECK_GE(max_threads, min_threads);
CHECK_GE(stride, 1);
for (auto i = min_threads; i < max_threads; i += stride) {
thread_counts_.push_back(i);
}
thread_counts_.push_back(max_threads);
return this;
}
Benchmark* Benchmark::ThreadPerCpu() {
thread_counts_.push_back(CPUInfo::Get().num_cpus);
return this;
}
void Benchmark::SetName(const char* name) { name_ = name; }
int Benchmark::ArgsCnt() const {
if (args_.empty()) {
if (arg_names_.empty()) return -1;
return static_cast<int>(arg_names_.size());
}
return static_cast<int>(args_.front().size());
}
//=============================================================================//
// FunctionBenchmark
//=============================================================================//
void FunctionBenchmark::Run(State& st) { func_(st); }
} // end namespace internal
void ClearRegisteredBenchmarks() {
internal::BenchmarkFamilies::GetInstance()->ClearBenchmarks();
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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#ifndef CHECK_H_
#define CHECK_H_
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ostream>
#include <cmath>
#include "internal_macros.h"
#include "log.h"
namespace benchmark {
namespace internal {
typedef void(AbortHandlerT)();
inline AbortHandlerT*& GetAbortHandler() {
static AbortHandlerT* handler = &std::abort;
return handler;
}
BENCHMARK_NORETURN inline void CallAbortHandler() {
GetAbortHandler()();
std::abort(); // fallback to enforce noreturn
}
// CheckHandler is the class constructed by failing CHECK macros. CheckHandler
// will log information about the failures and abort when it is destructed.
class CheckHandler {
public:
CheckHandler(const char* check, const char* file, const char* func, int line)
: log_(GetErrorLogInstance()) {
log_ << file << ":" << line << ": " << func << ": Check `" << check
<< "' failed. ";
}
LogType& GetLog() { return log_; }
BENCHMARK_NORETURN ~CheckHandler() BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT_OP(false) {
log_ << std::endl;
CallAbortHandler();
}
CheckHandler& operator=(const CheckHandler&) = delete;
CheckHandler(const CheckHandler&) = delete;
CheckHandler() = delete;
private:
LogType& log_;
};
} // end namespace internal
} // end namespace benchmark
// The CHECK macro returns a std::ostream object that can have extra information
// written to it.
#ifndef NDEBUG
#define CHECK(b) \
(b ? ::benchmark::internal::GetNullLogInstance() \
: ::benchmark::internal::CheckHandler(#b, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__) \
.GetLog())
#else
#define CHECK(b) ::benchmark::internal::GetNullLogInstance()
#endif
#define CHECK_EQ(a, b) CHECK((a) == (b))
#define CHECK_NE(a, b) CHECK((a) != (b))
#define CHECK_GE(a, b) CHECK((a) >= (b))
#define CHECK_LE(a, b) CHECK((a) <= (b))
#define CHECK_GT(a, b) CHECK((a) > (b))
#define CHECK_LT(a, b) CHECK((a) < (b))
#define CHECK_FLOAT_EQ(a, b, eps) CHECK(std::fabs((a) - (b)) < (eps))
#define CHECK_FLOAT_NE(a, b, eps) CHECK(std::fabs((a) - (b)) >= (eps))
#define CHECK_FLOAT_GE(a, b, eps) CHECK((a) - (b) > -(eps))
#define CHECK_FLOAT_LE(a, b, eps) CHECK((b) - (a) > -(eps))
#define CHECK_FLOAT_GT(a, b, eps) CHECK((a) - (b) > (eps))
#define CHECK_FLOAT_LT(a, b, eps) CHECK((b) - (a) > (eps))
#endif // CHECK_H_

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "colorprint.h"
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include "check.h"
#include "internal_macros.h"
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
#include <Windows.h>
#include <io.h>
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif // BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
namespace benchmark {
namespace {
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
typedef WORD PlatformColorCode;
#else
typedef const char* PlatformColorCode;
#endif
PlatformColorCode GetPlatformColorCode(LogColor color) {
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
switch (color) {
case COLOR_RED:
return FOREGROUND_RED;
case COLOR_GREEN:
return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
case COLOR_YELLOW:
return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
case COLOR_BLUE:
return FOREGROUND_BLUE;
case COLOR_MAGENTA:
return FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_RED;
case COLOR_CYAN:
return FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
case COLOR_WHITE: // fall through to default
default:
return 0;
}
#else
switch (color) {
case COLOR_RED:
return "1";
case COLOR_GREEN:
return "2";
case COLOR_YELLOW:
return "3";
case COLOR_BLUE:
return "4";
case COLOR_MAGENTA:
return "5";
case COLOR_CYAN:
return "6";
case COLOR_WHITE:
return "7";
default:
return nullptr;
};
#endif
}
} // end namespace
std::string FormatString(const char* msg, va_list args) {
// we might need a second shot at this, so pre-emptivly make a copy
va_list args_cp;
va_copy(args_cp, args);
std::size_t size = 256;
char local_buff[256];
auto ret = vsnprintf(local_buff, size, msg, args_cp);
va_end(args_cp);
// currently there is no error handling for failure, so this is hack.
CHECK(ret >= 0);
if (ret == 0) // handle empty expansion
return {};
else if (static_cast<size_t>(ret) < size)
return local_buff;
else {
// we did not provide a long enough buffer on our first attempt.
size = (size_t)ret + 1; // + 1 for the null byte
std::unique_ptr<char[]> buff(new char[size]);
ret = vsnprintf(buff.get(), size, msg, args);
CHECK(ret > 0 && ((size_t)ret) < size);
return buff.get();
}
}
std::string FormatString(const char* msg, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, msg);
auto tmp = FormatString(msg, args);
va_end(args);
return tmp;
}
void ColorPrintf(std::ostream& out, LogColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
ColorPrintf(out, color, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
void ColorPrintf(std::ostream& out, LogColor color, const char* fmt,
va_list args) {
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
((void)out); // suppress unused warning
const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
// Gets the current text color.
CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;
// We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
// SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
// printed but has not yet reached the console.
fflush(stdout);
SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle,
GetPlatformColorCode(color) | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
vprintf(fmt, args);
fflush(stdout);
// Restores the text color.
SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, old_color_attrs);
#else
const char* color_code = GetPlatformColorCode(color);
if (color_code) out << FormatString("\033[0;3%sm", color_code);
out << FormatString(fmt, args) << "\033[m";
#endif
}
bool IsColorTerminal() {
#if BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
// On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
// console there does support colors.
return 0 != _isatty(_fileno(stdout));
#else
// On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable. This list of
// supported TERM values is copied from Google Test:
// <https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/src/gtest.cc#L2925>.
const char* const SUPPORTED_TERM_VALUES[] = {
"xterm", "xterm-color", "xterm-256color",
"screen", "screen-256color", "tmux",
"tmux-256color", "rxvt-unicode", "rxvt-unicode-256color",
"linux", "cygwin",
};
const char* const term = getenv("TERM");
bool term_supports_color = false;
for (const char* candidate : SUPPORTED_TERM_VALUES) {
if (term && 0 == strcmp(term, candidate)) {
term_supports_color = true;
break;
}
}
return 0 != isatty(fileno(stdout)) && term_supports_color;
#endif // BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_COLORPRINT_H_
#define BENCHMARK_COLORPRINT_H_
#include <cstdarg>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
namespace benchmark {
enum LogColor {
COLOR_DEFAULT,
COLOR_RED,
COLOR_GREEN,
COLOR_YELLOW,
COLOR_BLUE,
COLOR_MAGENTA,
COLOR_CYAN,
COLOR_WHITE
};
std::string FormatString(const char* msg, va_list args);
std::string FormatString(const char* msg, ...);
void ColorPrintf(std::ostream& out, LogColor color, const char* fmt,
va_list args);
void ColorPrintf(std::ostream& out, LogColor color, const char* fmt, ...);
// Returns true if stdout appears to be a terminal that supports colored
// output, false otherwise.
bool IsColorTerminal();
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_COLORPRINT_H_

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "commandlineflags.h"
#include <cctype>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
namespace benchmark {
// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer. If successful, writes
// the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
// unchanged and returns false.
bool ParseInt32(const std::string& src_text, const char* str, int32_t* value) {
// Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
char* end = nullptr;
const long long_value = strtol(str, &end, 10); // NOLINT
// Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
if (*end != '\0') {
// No - an invalid character was encountered.
std::cerr << src_text << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, "
<< "but actually has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
return false;
}
// Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
const int32_t result = static_cast<int32_t>(long_value);
if (long_value == std::numeric_limits<long>::max() ||
long_value == std::numeric_limits<long>::min() ||
// The parsed value overflows as a long. (strtol() returns
// LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
result != long_value
// The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
) {
std::cerr << src_text << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, "
<< "but actually has value \"" << str << "\", "
<< "which overflows.\n";
return false;
}
*value = result;
return true;
}
// Parses 'str' for a double. If successful, writes the result to *value and
// returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns false.
bool ParseDouble(const std::string& src_text, const char* str, double* value) {
// Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
char* end = nullptr;
const double double_value = strtod(str, &end); // NOLINT
// Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
if (*end != '\0') {
// No - an invalid character was encountered.
std::cerr << src_text << " is expected to be a double, "
<< "but actually has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
return false;
}
*value = double_value;
return true;
}
// Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
// given flag. For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
// "BENCHMARK_FOO" in the open-source version.
static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
const std::string flag_str(flag);
std::string env_var;
for (size_t i = 0; i != flag_str.length(); ++i)
env_var += static_cast<char>(::toupper(flag_str.c_str()[i]));
return "BENCHMARK_" + env_var;
}
// Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
//
// The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
bool BoolFromEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
const char* const string_value = getenv(env_var.c_str());
return string_value == nullptr ? default_value
: strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
}
// Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
// variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
// doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
int32_t Int32FromEnv(const char* flag, int32_t default_value) {
const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
const char* const string_value = getenv(env_var.c_str());
if (string_value == nullptr) {
// The environment variable is not set.
return default_value;
}
int32_t result = default_value;
if (!ParseInt32(std::string("Environment variable ") + env_var, string_value,
&result)) {
std::cout << "The default value " << default_value << " is used.\n";
return default_value;
}
return result;
}
// Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
const char* StringFromEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
const char* const value = getenv(env_var.c_str());
return value == nullptr ? default_value : value;
}
// Parses a string as a command line flag. The string should have
// the format "--flag=value". When def_optional is true, the "=value"
// part can be omitted.
//
// Returns the value of the flag, or nullptr if the parsing failed.
const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str, const char* flag,
bool def_optional) {
// str and flag must not be nullptr.
if (str == nullptr || flag == nullptr) return nullptr;
// The flag must start with "--".
const std::string flag_str = std::string("--") + std::string(flag);
const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return nullptr;
// Skips the flag name.
const char* flag_end = str + flag_len;
// When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
if (def_optional && (flag_end[0] == '\0')) return flag_end;
// If def_optional is true and there are more characters after the
// flag name, or if def_optional is false, there must be a '=' after
// the flag name.
if (flag_end[0] != '=') return nullptr;
// Returns the string after "=".
return flag_end + 1;
}
bool ParseBoolFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value) {
// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true);
// Aborts if the parsing failed.
if (value_str == nullptr) return false;
// Converts the string value to a bool.
*value = IsTruthyFlagValue(value_str);
return true;
}
bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, int32_t* value) {
// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
// Aborts if the parsing failed.
if (value_str == nullptr) return false;
// Sets *value to the value of the flag.
return ParseInt32(std::string("The value of flag --") + flag, value_str,
value);
}
bool ParseDoubleFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, double* value) {
// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
// Aborts if the parsing failed.
if (value_str == nullptr) return false;
// Sets *value to the value of the flag.
return ParseDouble(std::string("The value of flag --") + flag, value_str,
value);
}
bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value) {
// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
// Aborts if the parsing failed.
if (value_str == nullptr) return false;
*value = value_str;
return true;
}
bool IsFlag(const char* str, const char* flag) {
return (ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true) != nullptr);
}
bool IsTruthyFlagValue(const std::string& value) {
if (value.empty()) return true;
char ch = value[0];
return isalnum(ch) &&
!(ch == '0' || ch == 'f' || ch == 'F' || ch == 'n' || ch == 'N');
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_COMMANDLINEFLAGS_H_
#define BENCHMARK_COMMANDLINEFLAGS_H_
#include <cstdint>
#include <string>
// Macro for referencing flags.
#define FLAG(name) FLAGS_##name
// Macros for declaring flags.
#define DECLARE_bool(name) extern bool FLAG(name)
#define DECLARE_int32(name) extern int32_t FLAG(name)
#define DECLARE_int64(name) extern int64_t FLAG(name)
#define DECLARE_double(name) extern double FLAG(name)
#define DECLARE_string(name) extern std::string FLAG(name)
// Macros for defining flags.
#define DEFINE_bool(name, default_val, doc) bool FLAG(name) = (default_val)
#define DEFINE_int32(name, default_val, doc) int32_t FLAG(name) = (default_val)
#define DEFINE_int64(name, default_val, doc) int64_t FLAG(name) = (default_val)
#define DEFINE_double(name, default_val, doc) double FLAG(name) = (default_val)
#define DEFINE_string(name, default_val, doc) \
std::string FLAG(name) = (default_val)
namespace benchmark {
// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer. If successful, writes the result
// to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
// false.
bool ParseInt32(const std::string& src_text, const char* str, int32_t* value);
// Parses a bool/Int32/string from the environment variable
// corresponding to the given Google Test flag.
bool BoolFromEnv(const char* flag, bool default_val);
int32_t Int32FromEnv(const char* flag, int32_t default_val);
double DoubleFromEnv(const char* flag, double default_val);
const char* StringFromEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
// Parses a string for a bool flag, in the form of either
// "--flag=value" or "--flag".
//
// In the former case, the value is taken as true if it passes IsTruthyValue().
//
// In the latter case, the value is taken as true.
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true. On failure, returns false without changing *value.
bool ParseBoolFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value);
// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of
// "--flag=value".
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true. On failure, returns false without changing *value.
bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, int32_t* value);
// Parses a string for a Double flag, in the form of
// "--flag=value".
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true. On failure, returns false without changing *value.
bool ParseDoubleFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, double* value);
// Parses a string for a string flag, in the form of
// "--flag=value".
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true. On failure, returns false without changing *value.
bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value);
// Returns true if the string matches the flag.
bool IsFlag(const char* str, const char* flag);
// Returns true unless value starts with one of: '0', 'f', 'F', 'n' or 'N', or
// some non-alphanumeric character. As a special case, also returns true if
// value is the empty string.
bool IsTruthyFlagValue(const std::string& value);
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_COMMANDLINEFLAGS_H_

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// Copyright 2016 Ismael Jimenez Martinez. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// Source project : https://github.com/ismaelJimenez/cpp.leastsq
// Adapted to be used with google benchmark
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include "check.h"
#include "complexity.h"
namespace benchmark {
// Internal function to calculate the different scalability forms
BigOFunc* FittingCurve(BigO complexity) {
switch (complexity) {
case oN:
return [](int n) -> double { return n; };
case oNSquared:
return [](int n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 2); };
case oNCubed:
return [](int n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 3); };
case oLogN:
return [](int n) { return log2(n); };
case oNLogN:
return [](int n) { return n * log2(n); };
case o1:
default:
return [](int) { return 1.0; };
}
}
// Function to return an string for the calculated complexity
std::string GetBigOString(BigO complexity) {
switch (complexity) {
case oN:
return "N";
case oNSquared:
return "N^2";
case oNCubed:
return "N^3";
case oLogN:
return "lgN";
case oNLogN:
return "NlgN";
case o1:
return "(1)";
default:
return "f(N)";
}
}
// Find the coefficient for the high-order term in the running time, by
// minimizing the sum of squares of relative error, for the fitting curve
// given by the lambda expresion.
// - n : Vector containing the size of the benchmark tests.
// - time : Vector containing the times for the benchmark tests.
// - fitting_curve : lambda expresion (e.g. [](int n) {return n; };).
// For a deeper explanation on the algorithm logic, look the README file at
// http://github.com/ismaelJimenez/Minimal-Cpp-Least-Squared-Fit
LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector<int>& n,
const std::vector<double>& time,
BigOFunc* fitting_curve) {
double sigma_gn = 0.0;
double sigma_gn_squared = 0.0;
double sigma_time = 0.0;
double sigma_time_gn = 0.0;
// Calculate least square fitting parameter
for (size_t i = 0; i < n.size(); ++i) {
double gn_i = fitting_curve(n[i]);
sigma_gn += gn_i;
sigma_gn_squared += gn_i * gn_i;
sigma_time += time[i];
sigma_time_gn += time[i] * gn_i;
}
LeastSq result;
result.complexity = oLambda;
// Calculate complexity.
result.coef = sigma_time_gn / sigma_gn_squared;
// Calculate RMS
double rms = 0.0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < n.size(); ++i) {
double fit = result.coef * fitting_curve(n[i]);
rms += pow((time[i] - fit), 2);
}
// Normalized RMS by the mean of the observed values
double mean = sigma_time / n.size();
result.rms = sqrt(rms / n.size()) / mean;
return result;
}
// Find the coefficient for the high-order term in the running time, by
// minimizing the sum of squares of relative error.
// - n : Vector containing the size of the benchmark tests.
// - time : Vector containing the times for the benchmark tests.
// - complexity : If different than oAuto, the fitting curve will stick to
// this one. If it is oAuto, it will be calculated the best
// fitting curve.
LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector<int>& n,
const std::vector<double>& time, const BigO complexity) {
CHECK_EQ(n.size(), time.size());
CHECK_GE(n.size(), 2); // Do not compute fitting curve is less than two
// benchmark runs are given
CHECK_NE(complexity, oNone);
LeastSq best_fit;
if (complexity == oAuto) {
std::vector<BigO> fit_curves = {oLogN, oN, oNLogN, oNSquared, oNCubed};
// Take o1 as default best fitting curve
best_fit = MinimalLeastSq(n, time, FittingCurve(o1));
best_fit.complexity = o1;
// Compute all possible fitting curves and stick to the best one
for (const auto& fit : fit_curves) {
LeastSq current_fit = MinimalLeastSq(n, time, FittingCurve(fit));
if (current_fit.rms < best_fit.rms) {
best_fit = current_fit;
best_fit.complexity = fit;
}
}
} else {
best_fit = MinimalLeastSq(n, time, FittingCurve(complexity));
best_fit.complexity = complexity;
}
return best_fit;
}
std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> ComputeBigO(
const std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>& reports) {
typedef BenchmarkReporter::Run Run;
std::vector<Run> results;
if (reports.size() < 2) return results;
// Accumulators.
std::vector<int> n;
std::vector<double> real_time;
std::vector<double> cpu_time;
// Populate the accumulators.
for (const Run& run : reports) {
CHECK_GT(run.complexity_n, 0) << "Did you forget to call SetComplexityN?";
n.push_back(run.complexity_n);
real_time.push_back(run.real_accumulated_time / run.iterations);
cpu_time.push_back(run.cpu_accumulated_time / run.iterations);
}
LeastSq result_cpu;
LeastSq result_real;
if (reports[0].complexity == oLambda) {
result_cpu = MinimalLeastSq(n, cpu_time, reports[0].complexity_lambda);
result_real = MinimalLeastSq(n, real_time, reports[0].complexity_lambda);
} else {
result_cpu = MinimalLeastSq(n, cpu_time, reports[0].complexity);
result_real = MinimalLeastSq(n, real_time, result_cpu.complexity);
}
std::string benchmark_name =
reports[0].benchmark_name.substr(0, reports[0].benchmark_name.find('/'));
// Get the data from the accumulator to BenchmarkReporter::Run's.
Run big_o;
big_o.benchmark_name = benchmark_name + "_BigO";
big_o.iterations = 0;
big_o.real_accumulated_time = result_real.coef;
big_o.cpu_accumulated_time = result_cpu.coef;
big_o.report_big_o = true;
big_o.complexity = result_cpu.complexity;
// All the time results are reported after being multiplied by the
// time unit multiplier. But since RMS is a relative quantity it
// should not be multiplied at all. So, here, we _divide_ it by the
// multiplier so that when it is multiplied later the result is the
// correct one.
double multiplier = GetTimeUnitMultiplier(reports[0].time_unit);
// Only add label to mean/stddev if it is same for all runs
Run rms;
big_o.report_label = reports[0].report_label;
rms.benchmark_name = benchmark_name + "_RMS";
rms.report_label = big_o.report_label;
rms.iterations = 0;
rms.real_accumulated_time = result_real.rms / multiplier;
rms.cpu_accumulated_time = result_cpu.rms / multiplier;
rms.report_rms = true;
rms.complexity = result_cpu.complexity;
// don't forget to keep the time unit, or we won't be able to
// recover the correct value.
rms.time_unit = reports[0].time_unit;
results.push_back(big_o);
results.push_back(rms);
return results;
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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// Copyright 2016 Ismael Jimenez Martinez. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// Source project : https://github.com/ismaelJimenez/cpp.leastsq
// Adapted to be used with google benchmark
#ifndef COMPLEXITY_H_
#define COMPLEXITY_H_
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
namespace benchmark {
// Return a vector containing the bigO and RMS information for the specified
// list of reports. If 'reports.size() < 2' an empty vector is returned.
std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> ComputeBigO(
const std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>& reports);
// This data structure will contain the result returned by MinimalLeastSq
// - coef : Estimated coeficient for the high-order term as
// interpolated from data.
// - rms : Normalized Root Mean Squared Error.
// - complexity : Scalability form (e.g. oN, oNLogN). In case a scalability
// form has been provided to MinimalLeastSq this will return
// the same value. In case BigO::oAuto has been selected, this
// parameter will return the best fitting curve detected.
struct LeastSq {
LeastSq() : coef(0.0), rms(0.0), complexity(oNone) {}
double coef;
double rms;
BigO complexity;
};
// Function to return an string for the calculated complexity
std::string GetBigOString(BigO complexity);
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // COMPLEXITY_H_

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include "complexity.h"
#include "counter.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
#include "check.h"
#include "colorprint.h"
#include "commandlineflags.h"
#include "internal_macros.h"
#include "string_util.h"
#include "timers.h"
namespace benchmark {
bool ConsoleReporter::ReportContext(const Context& context) {
name_field_width_ = context.name_field_width;
printed_header_ = false;
prev_counters_.clear();
PrintBasicContext(&GetErrorStream(), context);
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
if ((output_options_ & OO_Color) && &std::cout != &GetOutputStream()) {
GetErrorStream()
<< "Color printing is only supported for stdout on windows."
" Disabling color printing\n";
output_options_ = static_cast< OutputOptions >(output_options_ & ~OO_Color);
}
#endif
return true;
}
void ConsoleReporter::PrintHeader(const Run& run) {
std::string str = FormatString("%-*s %13s %13s %10s", static_cast<int>(name_field_width_),
"Benchmark", "Time", "CPU", "Iterations");
if(!run.counters.empty()) {
if(output_options_ & OO_Tabular) {
for(auto const& c : run.counters) {
str += FormatString(" %10s", c.first.c_str());
}
} else {
str += " UserCounters...";
}
}
str += "\n";
std::string line = std::string(str.length(), '-');
GetOutputStream() << line << "\n" << str << line << "\n";
}
void ConsoleReporter::ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& reports) {
for (const auto& run : reports) {
// print the header:
// --- if none was printed yet
bool print_header = !printed_header_;
// --- or if the format is tabular and this run
// has different fields from the prev header
print_header |= (output_options_ & OO_Tabular) &&
(!internal::SameNames(run.counters, prev_counters_));
if (print_header) {
printed_header_ = true;
prev_counters_ = run.counters;
PrintHeader(run);
}
// As an alternative to printing the headers like this, we could sort
// the benchmarks by header and then print. But this would require
// waiting for the full results before printing, or printing twice.
PrintRunData(run);
}
}
static void IgnoreColorPrint(std::ostream& out, LogColor, const char* fmt,
...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
out << FormatString(fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
void ConsoleReporter::PrintRunData(const Run& result) {
typedef void(PrinterFn)(std::ostream&, LogColor, const char*, ...);
auto& Out = GetOutputStream();
PrinterFn* printer = (output_options_ & OO_Color) ?
(PrinterFn*)ColorPrintf : IgnoreColorPrint;
auto name_color =
(result.report_big_o || result.report_rms) ? COLOR_BLUE : COLOR_GREEN;
printer(Out, name_color, "%-*s ", name_field_width_,
result.benchmark_name.c_str());
if (result.error_occurred) {
printer(Out, COLOR_RED, "ERROR OCCURRED: \'%s\'",
result.error_message.c_str());
printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, "\n");
return;
}
// Format bytes per second
std::string rate;
if (result.bytes_per_second > 0) {
rate = StrCat(" ", HumanReadableNumber(result.bytes_per_second), "B/s");
}
// Format items per second
std::string items;
if (result.items_per_second > 0) {
items =
StrCat(" ", HumanReadableNumber(result.items_per_second), " items/s");
}
const double real_time = result.GetAdjustedRealTime();
const double cpu_time = result.GetAdjustedCPUTime();
if (result.report_big_o) {
std::string big_o = GetBigOString(result.complexity);
printer(Out, COLOR_YELLOW, "%10.2f %s %10.2f %s ", real_time, big_o.c_str(),
cpu_time, big_o.c_str());
} else if (result.report_rms) {
printer(Out, COLOR_YELLOW, "%10.0f %% %10.0f %% ", real_time * 100,
cpu_time * 100);
} else {
const char* timeLabel = GetTimeUnitString(result.time_unit);
printer(Out, COLOR_YELLOW, "%10.0f %s %10.0f %s ", real_time, timeLabel,
cpu_time, timeLabel);
}
if (!result.report_big_o && !result.report_rms) {
printer(Out, COLOR_CYAN, "%10lld", result.iterations);
}
for (auto& c : result.counters) {
const std::size_t cNameLen = std::max(std::string::size_type(10),
c.first.length());
auto const& s = HumanReadableNumber(c.second.value, 1000);
if (output_options_ & OO_Tabular) {
if (c.second.flags & Counter::kIsRate) {
printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %*s/s", cNameLen - 2, s.c_str());
} else {
printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %*s", cNameLen, s.c_str());
}
} else {
const char* unit = (c.second.flags & Counter::kIsRate) ? "/s" : "";
printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %s=%s%s", c.first.c_str(), s.c_str(),
unit);
}
}
if (!rate.empty()) {
printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %*s", 13, rate.c_str());
}
if (!items.empty()) {
printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %*s", 18, items.c_str());
}
if (!result.report_label.empty()) {
printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %s", result.report_label.c_str());
}
printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, "\n");
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "counter.h"
namespace benchmark {
namespace internal {
double Finish(Counter const& c, double cpu_time, double num_threads) {
double v = c.value;
if (c.flags & Counter::kIsRate) {
v /= cpu_time;
}
if (c.flags & Counter::kAvgThreads) {
v /= num_threads;
}
return v;
}
void Finish(UserCounters *l, double cpu_time, double num_threads) {
for (auto &c : *l) {
c.second.value = Finish(c.second, cpu_time, num_threads);
}
}
void Increment(UserCounters *l, UserCounters const& r) {
// add counters present in both or just in *l
for (auto &c : *l) {
auto it = r.find(c.first);
if (it != r.end()) {
c.second.value = c.second + it->second;
}
}
// add counters present in r, but not in *l
for (auto const &tc : r) {
auto it = l->find(tc.first);
if (it == l->end()) {
(*l)[tc.first] = tc.second;
}
}
}
bool SameNames(UserCounters const& l, UserCounters const& r) {
if (&l == &r) return true;
if (l.size() != r.size()) {
return false;
}
for (auto const& c : l) {
if (r.find(c.first) == r.end()) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
} // end namespace internal
} // end namespace benchmark

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
namespace benchmark {
// these counter-related functions are hidden to reduce API surface.
namespace internal {
void Finish(UserCounters *l, double time, double num_threads);
void Increment(UserCounters *l, UserCounters const& r);
bool SameNames(UserCounters const& l, UserCounters const& r);
} // end namespace internal
} //end namespace benchmark

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include "complexity.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
#include "string_util.h"
#include "timers.h"
#include "check.h"
// File format reference: http://edoceo.com/utilitas/csv-file-format.
namespace benchmark {
namespace {
std::vector<std::string> elements = {
"name", "iterations", "real_time", "cpu_time",
"time_unit", "bytes_per_second", "items_per_second", "label",
"error_occurred", "error_message"};
} // namespace
bool CSVReporter::ReportContext(const Context& context) {
PrintBasicContext(&GetErrorStream(), context);
return true;
}
void CSVReporter::ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run> & reports) {
std::ostream& Out = GetOutputStream();
if (!printed_header_) {
// save the names of all the user counters
for (const auto& run : reports) {
for (const auto& cnt : run.counters) {
user_counter_names_.insert(cnt.first);
}
}
// print the header
for (auto B = elements.begin(); B != elements.end();) {
Out << *B++;
if (B != elements.end()) Out << ",";
}
for (auto B = user_counter_names_.begin(); B != user_counter_names_.end();) {
Out << ",\"" << *B++ << "\"";
}
Out << "\n";
printed_header_ = true;
} else {
// check that all the current counters are saved in the name set
for (const auto& run : reports) {
for (const auto& cnt : run.counters) {
CHECK(user_counter_names_.find(cnt.first) != user_counter_names_.end())
<< "All counters must be present in each run. "
<< "Counter named \"" << cnt.first
<< "\" was not in a run after being added to the header";
}
}
}
// print results for each run
for (const auto& run : reports) {
PrintRunData(run);
}
}
void CSVReporter::PrintRunData(const Run & run) {
std::ostream& Out = GetOutputStream();
// Field with embedded double-quote characters must be doubled and the field
// delimited with double-quotes.
std::string name = run.benchmark_name;
ReplaceAll(&name, "\"", "\"\"");
Out << '"' << name << "\",";
if (run.error_occurred) {
Out << std::string(elements.size() - 3, ',');
Out << "true,";
std::string msg = run.error_message;
ReplaceAll(&msg, "\"", "\"\"");
Out << '"' << msg << "\"\n";
return;
}
// Do not print iteration on bigO and RMS report
if (!run.report_big_o && !run.report_rms) {
Out << run.iterations;
}
Out << ",";
Out << run.GetAdjustedRealTime() << ",";
Out << run.GetAdjustedCPUTime() << ",";
// Do not print timeLabel on bigO and RMS report
if (run.report_big_o) {
Out << GetBigOString(run.complexity);
} else if (!run.report_rms) {
Out << GetTimeUnitString(run.time_unit);
}
Out << ",";
if (run.bytes_per_second > 0.0) {
Out << run.bytes_per_second;
}
Out << ",";
if (run.items_per_second > 0.0) {
Out << run.items_per_second;
}
Out << ",";
if (!run.report_label.empty()) {
// Field with embedded double-quote characters must be doubled and the field
// delimited with double-quotes.
std::string label = run.report_label;
ReplaceAll(&label, "\"", "\"\"");
Out << "\"" << label << "\"";
}
Out << ",,"; // for error_occurred and error_message
// Print user counters
for (const auto &ucn : user_counter_names_) {
auto it = run.counters.find(ucn);
if(it == run.counters.end()) {
Out << ",";
} else {
Out << "," << it->second;
}
}
Out << '\n';
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// CycleClock
// A CycleClock tells you the current time in Cycles. The "time"
// is actually time since power-on. This is like time() but doesn't
// involve a system call and is much more precise.
//
// NOTE: Not all cpu/platform/kernel combinations guarantee that this
// clock increments at a constant rate or is synchronized across all logical
// cpus in a system.
//
// If you need the above guarantees, please consider using a different
// API. There are efforts to provide an interface which provides a millisecond
// granularity and implemented as a memory read. A memory read is generally
// cheaper than the CycleClock for many architectures.
//
// Also, in some out of order CPU implementations, the CycleClock is not
// serializing. So if you're trying to count at cycles granularity, your
// data might be inaccurate due to out of order instruction execution.
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef BENCHMARK_CYCLECLOCK_H_
#define BENCHMARK_CYCLECLOCK_H_
#include <cstdint>
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include "internal_macros.h"
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
#include <mach/mach_time.h>
#endif
// For MSVC, we want to use '_asm rdtsc' when possible (since it works
// with even ancient MSVC compilers), and when not possible the
// __rdtsc intrinsic, declared in <intrin.h>. Unfortunately, in some
// environments, <windows.h> and <intrin.h> have conflicting
// declarations of some other intrinsics, breaking compilation.
// Therefore, we simply declare __rdtsc ourselves. See also
// http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/262047
#if defined(COMPILER_MSVC) && !defined(_M_IX86)
extern "C" uint64_t __rdtsc();
#pragma intrinsic(__rdtsc)
#endif
#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#endif
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN
#include <emscripten.h>
#endif
namespace benchmark {
// NOTE: only i386 and x86_64 have been well tested.
// PPC, sparc, alpha, and ia64 are based on
// http://peter.kuscsik.com/wordpress/?p=14
// with modifications by m3b. See also
// https://setisvn.ssl.berkeley.edu/svn/lib/fftw-3.0.1/kernel/cycle.h
namespace cycleclock {
// This should return the number of cycles since power-on. Thread-safe.
inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE int64_t Now() {
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
// this goes at the top because we need ALL Macs, regardless of
// architecture, to return the number of "mach time units" that
// have passed since startup. See sysinfo.cc where
// InitializeSystemInfo() sets the supposed cpu clock frequency of
// macs to the number of mach time units per second, not actual
// CPU clock frequency (which can change in the face of CPU
// frequency scaling). Also note that when the Mac sleeps, this
// counter pauses; it does not continue counting, nor does it
// reset to zero.
return mach_absolute_time();
#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN)
// this goes above x86-specific code because old versions of Emscripten
// define __x86_64__, although they have nothing to do with it.
return static_cast<int64_t>(emscripten_get_now() * 1e+6);
#elif defined(__i386__)
int64_t ret;
__asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=A"(ret));
return ret;
#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__amd64__)
uint64_t low, high;
__asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(low), "=d"(high));
return (high << 32) | low;
#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__)
// This returns a time-base, which is not always precisely a cycle-count.
int64_t tbl, tbu0, tbu1;
asm("mftbu %0" : "=r"(tbu0));
asm("mftb %0" : "=r"(tbl));
asm("mftbu %0" : "=r"(tbu1));
tbl &= -static_cast<int64_t>(tbu0 == tbu1);
// high 32 bits in tbu1; low 32 bits in tbl (tbu0 is garbage)
return (tbu1 << 32) | tbl;
#elif defined(__sparc__)
int64_t tick;
asm(".byte 0x83, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00");
asm("mov %%g1, %0" : "=r"(tick));
return tick;
#elif defined(__ia64__)
int64_t itc;
asm("mov %0 = ar.itc" : "=r"(itc));
return itc;
#elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC) && defined(_M_IX86)
// Older MSVC compilers (like 7.x) don't seem to support the
// __rdtsc intrinsic properly, so I prefer to use _asm instead
// when I know it will work. Otherwise, I'll use __rdtsc and hope
// the code is being compiled with a non-ancient compiler.
_asm rdtsc
#elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC)
return __rdtsc();
#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_NACL)
// Native Client validator on x86/x86-64 allows RDTSC instructions,
// and this case is handled above. Native Client validator on ARM
// rejects MRC instructions (used in the ARM-specific sequence below),
// so we handle it here. Portable Native Client compiles to
// architecture-agnostic bytecode, which doesn't provide any
// cycle counter access mnemonics.
// Native Client does not provide any API to access cycle counter.
// Use clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ...) instead of gettimeofday
// because is provides nanosecond resolution (which is noticable at
// least for PNaCl modules running on x86 Mac & Linux).
// Initialize to always return 0 if clock_gettime fails.
struct timespec ts = { 0, 0 };
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
return static_cast<int64_t>(ts.tv_sec) * 1000000000 + ts.tv_nsec;
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
// System timer of ARMv8 runs at a different frequency than the CPU's.
// The frequency is fixed, typically in the range 1-50MHz. It can be
// read at CNTFRQ special register. We assume the OS has set up
// the virtual timer properly.
int64_t virtual_timer_value;
asm volatile("mrs %0, cntvct_el0" : "=r"(virtual_timer_value));
return virtual_timer_value;
#elif defined(__ARM_ARCH)
// V6 is the earliest arch that has a standard cyclecount
// Native Client validator doesn't allow MRC instructions.
#if (__ARM_ARCH >= 6)
uint32_t pmccntr;
uint32_t pmuseren;
uint32_t pmcntenset;
// Read the user mode perf monitor counter access permissions.
asm volatile("mrc p15, 0, %0, c9, c14, 0" : "=r"(pmuseren));
if (pmuseren & 1) { // Allows reading perfmon counters for user mode code.
asm volatile("mrc p15, 0, %0, c9, c12, 1" : "=r"(pmcntenset));
if (pmcntenset & 0x80000000ul) { // Is it counting?
asm volatile("mrc p15, 0, %0, c9, c13, 0" : "=r"(pmccntr));
// The counter is set up to count every 64th cycle
return static_cast<int64_t>(pmccntr) * 64; // Should optimize to << 6
}
}
#endif
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, nullptr);
return static_cast<int64_t>(tv.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
#elif defined(__mips__)
// mips apparently only allows rdtsc for superusers, so we fall
// back to gettimeofday. It's possible clock_gettime would be better.
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, nullptr);
return static_cast<int64_t>(tv.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
#else
// The soft failover to a generic implementation is automatic only for ARM.
// For other platforms the developer is expected to make an attempt to create
// a fast implementation and use generic version if nothing better is available.
#error You need to define CycleTimer for your OS and CPU
#endif
}
} // end namespace cycleclock
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_CYCLECLOCK_H_

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_MACROS_H_
#define BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_MACROS_H_
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#ifndef __has_feature
#define __has_feature(x) 0
#endif
#ifndef __has_builtin
#define __has_builtin(x) 0
#endif
#if defined(__clang__)
#if !defined(COMPILER_CLANG)
#define COMPILER_CLANG
#endif
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#if !defined(COMPILER_MSVC)
#define COMPILER_MSVC
#endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#if !defined(COMPILER_GCC)
#define COMPILER_GCC
#endif
#endif
#if __has_feature(cxx_attributes)
#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN __attribute__((noreturn))
#elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC)
#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN __declspec(noreturn)
#else
#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN
#endif
#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN 1
#elif defined(_WIN32)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS 1
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#include "TargetConditionals.h"
#if defined(TARGET_OS_MAC)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX 1
#if defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_IOS 1
#endif
#endif
#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD 1
#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD 1
#elif defined(__linux__)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX 1
#elif defined(__native_client__)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_NACL 1
#elif defined(EMSCRIPTEN)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN 1
#elif defined(__rtems__)
#define BENCHMARK_OS_RTEMS 1
#endif
#if !__has_feature(cxx_exceptions) && !defined(__cpp_exceptions) \
&& !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
#define BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
#endif
#if defined(COMPILER_CLANG) || defined(COMPILER_GCC)
#define BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
#else
#define BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED
#endif
#if defined(COMPILER_GCC) || __has_builtin(__builtin_unreachable)
#define BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE() __builtin_unreachable()
#elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC)
#define BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE() __assume(false)
#else
#define BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE() ((void)0)
#endif
#endif // BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_MACROS_H_

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include "complexity.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip> // for setprecision
#include <limits>
#include "string_util.h"
#include "timers.h"
namespace benchmark {
namespace {
std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, std::string const& value) {
return StringPrintF("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value.c_str());
}
std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, const char* value) {
return StringPrintF("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value);
}
std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, bool value) {
return StringPrintF("\"%s\": %s", key.c_str(), value ? "true" : "false");
}
std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, int64_t value) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << '"' << key << "\": " << value;
return ss.str();
}
std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, double value) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << '"' << key << "\": ";
const auto max_digits10 = std::numeric_limits<decltype (value)>::max_digits10;
const auto max_fractional_digits10 = max_digits10 - 1;
ss << std::scientific << std::setprecision(max_fractional_digits10) << value;
return ss.str();
}
int64_t RoundDouble(double v) { return static_cast<int64_t>(v + 0.5); }
} // end namespace
bool JSONReporter::ReportContext(const Context& context) {
std::ostream& out = GetOutputStream();
out << "{\n";
std::string inner_indent(2, ' ');
// Open context block and print context information.
out << inner_indent << "\"context\": {\n";
std::string indent(4, ' ');
std::string walltime_value = LocalDateTimeString();
out << indent << FormatKV("date", walltime_value) << ",\n";
CPUInfo const& info = context.cpu_info;
out << indent << FormatKV("num_cpus", static_cast<int64_t>(info.num_cpus))
<< ",\n";
out << indent
<< FormatKV("mhz_per_cpu",
RoundDouble(info.cycles_per_second / 1000000.0))
<< ",\n";
out << indent << FormatKV("cpu_scaling_enabled", info.scaling_enabled)
<< ",\n";
out << indent << "\"caches\": [\n";
indent = std::string(6, ' ');
std::string cache_indent(8, ' ');
for (size_t i = 0; i < info.caches.size(); ++i) {
auto& CI = info.caches[i];
out << indent << "{\n";
out << cache_indent << FormatKV("type", CI.type) << ",\n";
out << cache_indent << FormatKV("level", static_cast<int64_t>(CI.level))
<< ",\n";
out << cache_indent
<< FormatKV("size", static_cast<int64_t>(CI.size) * 1000u) << ",\n";
out << cache_indent
<< FormatKV("num_sharing", static_cast<int64_t>(CI.num_sharing))
<< "\n";
out << indent << "}";
if (i != info.caches.size() - 1) out << ",";
out << "\n";
}
indent = std::string(4, ' ');
out << indent << "],\n";
#if defined(NDEBUG)
const char build_type[] = "release";
#else
const char build_type[] = "debug";
#endif
out << indent << FormatKV("library_build_type", build_type) << "\n";
// Close context block and open the list of benchmarks.
out << inner_indent << "},\n";
out << inner_indent << "\"benchmarks\": [\n";
return true;
}
void JSONReporter::ReportRuns(std::vector<Run> const& reports) {
if (reports.empty()) {
return;
}
std::string indent(4, ' ');
std::ostream& out = GetOutputStream();
if (!first_report_) {
out << ",\n";
}
first_report_ = false;
for (auto it = reports.begin(); it != reports.end(); ++it) {
out << indent << "{\n";
PrintRunData(*it);
out << indent << '}';
auto it_cp = it;
if (++it_cp != reports.end()) {
out << ",\n";
}
}
}
void JSONReporter::Finalize() {
// Close the list of benchmarks and the top level object.
GetOutputStream() << "\n ]\n}\n";
}
void JSONReporter::PrintRunData(Run const& run) {
std::string indent(6, ' ');
std::ostream& out = GetOutputStream();
out << indent << FormatKV("name", run.benchmark_name) << ",\n";
if (run.error_occurred) {
out << indent << FormatKV("error_occurred", run.error_occurred) << ",\n";
out << indent << FormatKV("error_message", run.error_message) << ",\n";
}
if (!run.report_big_o && !run.report_rms) {
out << indent << FormatKV("iterations", run.iterations) << ",\n";
out << indent
<< FormatKV("real_time", run.GetAdjustedRealTime())
<< ",\n";
out << indent
<< FormatKV("cpu_time", run.GetAdjustedCPUTime());
out << ",\n"
<< indent << FormatKV("time_unit", GetTimeUnitString(run.time_unit));
} else if (run.report_big_o) {
out << indent
<< FormatKV("cpu_coefficient", run.GetAdjustedCPUTime())
<< ",\n";
out << indent
<< FormatKV("real_coefficient", run.GetAdjustedRealTime())
<< ",\n";
out << indent << FormatKV("big_o", GetBigOString(run.complexity)) << ",\n";
out << indent << FormatKV("time_unit", GetTimeUnitString(run.time_unit));
} else if (run.report_rms) {
out << indent
<< FormatKV("rms", run.GetAdjustedCPUTime());
}
if (run.bytes_per_second > 0.0) {
out << ",\n"
<< indent
<< FormatKV("bytes_per_second", run.bytes_per_second);
}
if (run.items_per_second > 0.0) {
out << ",\n"
<< indent
<< FormatKV("items_per_second", run.items_per_second);
}
for(auto &c : run.counters) {
out << ",\n"
<< indent
<< FormatKV(c.first, c.second);
}
if (!run.report_label.empty()) {
out << ",\n" << indent << FormatKV("label", run.report_label);
}
out << '\n';
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_LOG_H_
#define BENCHMARK_LOG_H_
#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
namespace benchmark {
namespace internal {
typedef std::basic_ostream<char>&(EndLType)(std::basic_ostream<char>&);
class LogType {
friend LogType& GetNullLogInstance();
friend LogType& GetErrorLogInstance();
// FIXME: Add locking to output.
template <class Tp>
friend LogType& operator<<(LogType&, Tp const&);
friend LogType& operator<<(LogType&, EndLType*);
private:
LogType(std::ostream* out) : out_(out) {}
std::ostream* out_;
BENCHMARK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(LogType);
};
template <class Tp>
LogType& operator<<(LogType& log, Tp const& value) {
if (log.out_) {
*log.out_ << value;
}
return log;
}
inline LogType& operator<<(LogType& log, EndLType* m) {
if (log.out_) {
*log.out_ << m;
}
return log;
}
inline int& LogLevel() {
static int log_level = 0;
return log_level;
}
inline LogType& GetNullLogInstance() {
static LogType log(nullptr);
return log;
}
inline LogType& GetErrorLogInstance() {
static LogType log(&std::clog);
return log;
}
inline LogType& GetLogInstanceForLevel(int level) {
if (level <= LogLevel()) {
return GetErrorLogInstance();
}
return GetNullLogInstance();
}
} // end namespace internal
} // end namespace benchmark
#define VLOG(x) \
(::benchmark::internal::GetLogInstanceForLevel(x) << "-- LOG(" << x << "):" \
" ")
#endif

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_MUTEX_H_
#define BENCHMARK_MUTEX_H_
#include <condition_variable>
#include <mutex>
#include "check.h"
// Enable thread safety attributes only with clang.
// The attributes can be safely erased when compiling with other compilers.
#if defined(HAVE_THREAD_SAFETY_ATTRIBUTES)
#define THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(x) __attribute__((x))
#else
#define THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(x) // no-op
#endif
#define CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(capability(x))
#define SCOPED_CAPABILITY THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(scoped_lockable)
#define GUARDED_BY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(guarded_by(x))
#define PT_GUARDED_BY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(pt_guarded_by(x))
#define ACQUIRED_BEFORE(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquired_before(__VA_ARGS__))
#define ACQUIRED_AFTER(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquired_after(__VA_ARGS__))
#define REQUIRES(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(requires_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
#define REQUIRES_SHARED(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(requires_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
#define ACQUIRE(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquire_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
#define ACQUIRE_SHARED(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquire_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
#define RELEASE(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(release_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
#define RELEASE_SHARED(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(release_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
#define TRY_ACQUIRE(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(try_acquire_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
#define TRY_ACQUIRE_SHARED(...) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(try_acquire_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
#define EXCLUDES(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(locks_excluded(__VA_ARGS__))
#define ASSERT_CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(assert_capability(x))
#define ASSERT_SHARED_CAPABILITY(x) \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(assert_shared_capability(x))
#define RETURN_CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(lock_returned(x))
#define NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS \
THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(no_thread_safety_analysis)
namespace benchmark {
typedef std::condition_variable Condition;
// NOTE: Wrappers for std::mutex and std::unique_lock are provided so that
// we can annotate them with thread safety attributes and use the
// -Wthread-safety warning with clang. The standard library types cannot be
// used directly because they do not provided the required annotations.
class CAPABILITY("mutex") Mutex {
public:
Mutex() {}
void lock() ACQUIRE() { mut_.lock(); }
void unlock() RELEASE() { mut_.unlock(); }
std::mutex& native_handle() { return mut_; }
private:
std::mutex mut_;
};
class SCOPED_CAPABILITY MutexLock {
typedef std::unique_lock<std::mutex> MutexLockImp;
public:
MutexLock(Mutex& m) ACQUIRE(m) : ml_(m.native_handle()) {}
~MutexLock() RELEASE() {}
MutexLockImp& native_handle() { return ml_; }
private:
MutexLockImp ml_;
};
class Barrier {
public:
Barrier(int num_threads) : running_threads_(num_threads) {}
// Called by each thread
bool wait() EXCLUDES(lock_) {
bool last_thread = false;
{
MutexLock ml(lock_);
last_thread = createBarrier(ml);
}
if (last_thread) phase_condition_.notify_all();
return last_thread;
}
void removeThread() EXCLUDES(lock_) {
MutexLock ml(lock_);
--running_threads_;
if (entered_ != 0) phase_condition_.notify_all();
}
private:
Mutex lock_;
Condition phase_condition_;
int running_threads_;
// State for barrier management
int phase_number_ = 0;
int entered_ = 0; // Number of threads that have entered this barrier
// Enter the barrier and wait until all other threads have also
// entered the barrier. Returns iff this is the last thread to
// enter the barrier.
bool createBarrier(MutexLock& ml) REQUIRES(lock_) {
CHECK_LT(entered_, running_threads_);
entered_++;
if (entered_ < running_threads_) {
// Wait for all threads to enter
int phase_number_cp = phase_number_;
auto cb = [this, phase_number_cp]() {
return this->phase_number_ > phase_number_cp ||
entered_ == running_threads_; // A thread has aborted in error
};
phase_condition_.wait(ml.native_handle(), cb);
if (phase_number_ > phase_number_cp) return false;
// else (running_threads_ == entered_) and we are the last thread.
}
// Last thread has reached the barrier
phase_number_++;
entered_ = 0;
return true;
}
};
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_MUTEX_H_

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#ifndef BENCHMARK_RE_H_
#define BENCHMARK_RE_H_
#include "internal_macros.h"
// Prefer C regex libraries when compiling w/o exceptions so that we can
// correctly report errors.
#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX) && \
(defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX) || defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX))
#undef HAVE_STD_REGEX
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX)
#include <regex>
#elif defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX)
#include <gnuregex.h>
#elif defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX)
#include <regex.h>
#else
#error No regular expression backend was found!
#endif
#include <string>
#include "check.h"
namespace benchmark {
// A wrapper around the POSIX regular expression API that provides automatic
// cleanup
class Regex {
public:
Regex() : init_(false) {}
~Regex();
// Compile a regular expression matcher from spec. Returns true on success.
//
// On failure (and if error is not nullptr), error is populated with a human
// readable error message if an error occurs.
bool Init(const std::string& spec, std::string* error);
// Returns whether str matches the compiled regular expression.
bool Match(const std::string& str);
private:
bool init_;
// Underlying regular expression object
#if defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX)
std::regex re_;
#elif defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX) || defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX)
regex_t re_;
#else
#error No regular expression backend implementation available
#endif
};
#if defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX)
inline bool Regex::Init(const std::string& spec, std::string* error) {
#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
((void)error); // suppress unused warning
#else
try {
#endif
re_ = std::regex(spec, std::regex_constants::extended);
init_ = true;
#ifndef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
} catch (const std::regex_error& e) {
if (error) {
*error = e.what();
}
}
#endif
return init_;
}
inline Regex::~Regex() {}
inline bool Regex::Match(const std::string& str) {
if (!init_) {
return false;
}
return std::regex_search(str, re_);
}
#else
inline bool Regex::Init(const std::string& spec, std::string* error) {
int ec = regcomp(&re_, spec.c_str(), REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB);
if (ec != 0) {
if (error) {
size_t needed = regerror(ec, &re_, nullptr, 0);
char* errbuf = new char[needed];
regerror(ec, &re_, errbuf, needed);
// regerror returns the number of bytes necessary to null terminate
// the string, so we move that when assigning to error.
CHECK_NE(needed, 0);
error->assign(errbuf, needed - 1);
delete[] errbuf;
}
return false;
}
init_ = true;
return true;
}
inline Regex::~Regex() {
if (init_) {
regfree(&re_);
}
}
inline bool Regex::Match(const std::string& str) {
if (!init_) {
return false;
}
return regexec(&re_, str.c_str(), 0, nullptr, 0) == 0;
}
#endif
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_RE_H_

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include "timers.h"
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
#include "check.h"
namespace benchmark {
BenchmarkReporter::BenchmarkReporter()
: output_stream_(&std::cout), error_stream_(&std::cerr) {}
BenchmarkReporter::~BenchmarkReporter() {}
void BenchmarkReporter::PrintBasicContext(std::ostream *out,
Context const &context) {
CHECK(out) << "cannot be null";
auto &Out = *out;
Out << LocalDateTimeString() << "\n";
const CPUInfo &info = context.cpu_info;
Out << "Run on (" << info.num_cpus << " X "
<< (info.cycles_per_second / 1000000.0) << " MHz CPU "
<< ((info.num_cpus > 1) ? "s" : "") << ")\n";
if (info.caches.size() != 0) {
Out << "CPU Caches:\n";
for (auto &CInfo : info.caches) {
Out << " L" << CInfo.level << " " << CInfo.type << " "
<< (CInfo.size / 1000) << "K";
if (CInfo.num_sharing != 0)
Out << " (x" << (info.num_cpus / CInfo.num_sharing) << ")";
Out << "\n";
}
}
if (info.scaling_enabled) {
Out << "***WARNING*** CPU scaling is enabled, the benchmark "
"real time measurements may be noisy and will incur extra "
"overhead.\n";
}
#ifndef NDEBUG
Out << "***WARNING*** Library was built as DEBUG. Timings may be "
"affected.\n";
#endif
}
BenchmarkReporter::Context::Context() : cpu_info(CPUInfo::Get()) {}
double BenchmarkReporter::Run::GetAdjustedRealTime() const {
double new_time = real_accumulated_time * GetTimeUnitMultiplier(time_unit);
if (iterations != 0) new_time /= static_cast<double>(iterations);
return new_time;
}
double BenchmarkReporter::Run::GetAdjustedCPUTime() const {
double new_time = cpu_accumulated_time * GetTimeUnitMultiplier(time_unit);
if (iterations != 0) new_time /= static_cast<double>(iterations);
return new_time;
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "sleep.h"
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include "internal_macros.h"
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
#include <Windows.h>
#endif
namespace benchmark {
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
// Window's Sleep takes milliseconds argument.
void SleepForMilliseconds(int milliseconds) { Sleep(milliseconds); }
void SleepForSeconds(double seconds) {
SleepForMilliseconds(static_cast<int>(kNumMillisPerSecond * seconds));
}
#else // BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
void SleepForMicroseconds(int microseconds) {
struct timespec sleep_time;
sleep_time.tv_sec = microseconds / kNumMicrosPerSecond;
sleep_time.tv_nsec = (microseconds % kNumMicrosPerSecond) * kNumNanosPerMicro;
while (nanosleep(&sleep_time, &sleep_time) != 0 && errno == EINTR)
; // Ignore signals and wait for the full interval to elapse.
}
void SleepForMilliseconds(int milliseconds) {
SleepForMicroseconds(milliseconds * kNumMicrosPerMilli);
}
void SleepForSeconds(double seconds) {
SleepForMicroseconds(static_cast<int>(seconds * kNumMicrosPerSecond));
}
#endif // BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
} // end namespace benchmark

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_SLEEP_H_
#define BENCHMARK_SLEEP_H_
namespace benchmark {
const int kNumMillisPerSecond = 1000;
const int kNumMicrosPerMilli = 1000;
const int kNumMicrosPerSecond = kNumMillisPerSecond * 1000;
const int kNumNanosPerMicro = 1000;
const int kNumNanosPerSecond = kNumNanosPerMicro * kNumMicrosPerSecond;
void SleepForMilliseconds(int milliseconds);
void SleepForSeconds(double seconds);
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_SLEEP_H_

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// Copyright 2016 Ismael Jimenez Martinez. All rights reserved.
// Copyright 2017 Roman Lebedev. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include "check.h"
#include "statistics.h"
namespace benchmark {
auto StatisticsSum = [](const std::vector<double>& v) {
return std::accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0.0);
};
double StatisticsMean(const std::vector<double>& v) {
if (v.size() == 0) return 0.0;
return StatisticsSum(v) * (1.0 / v.size());
}
double StatisticsMedian(const std::vector<double>& v) {
if (v.size() < 3) return StatisticsMean(v);
std::vector<double> partial;
// we need roundDown(count/2)+1 slots
partial.resize(1 + (v.size() / 2));
std::partial_sort_copy(v.begin(), v.end(), partial.begin(), partial.end());
// did we have odd number of samples?
// if yes, then the last element of partially-sorted vector is the median
// it no, then the average of the last two elements is the median
if(v.size() % 2 == 1)
return partial.back();
return (partial[partial.size() - 2] + partial[partial.size() - 1]) / 2.0;
}
// Return the sum of the squares of this sample set
auto SumSquares = [](const std::vector<double>& v) {
return std::inner_product(v.begin(), v.end(), v.begin(), 0.0);
};
auto Sqr = [](const double dat) { return dat * dat; };
auto Sqrt = [](const double dat) {
// Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations
if (dat < 0.0) return 0.0;
return std::sqrt(dat);
};
double StatisticsStdDev(const std::vector<double>& v) {
const auto mean = StatisticsMean(v);
if (v.size() == 0) return mean;
// Sample standard deviation is undefined for n = 1
if (v.size() == 1)
return 0.0;
const double avg_squares = SumSquares(v) * (1.0 / v.size());
return Sqrt(v.size() / (v.size() - 1.0) * (avg_squares - Sqr(mean)));
}
std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> ComputeStats(
const std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>& reports) {
typedef BenchmarkReporter::Run Run;
std::vector<Run> results;
auto error_count =
std::count_if(reports.begin(), reports.end(),
[](Run const& run) { return run.error_occurred; });
if (reports.size() - error_count < 2) {
// We don't report aggregated data if there was a single run.
return results;
}
// Accumulators.
std::vector<double> real_accumulated_time_stat;
std::vector<double> cpu_accumulated_time_stat;
std::vector<double> bytes_per_second_stat;
std::vector<double> items_per_second_stat;
real_accumulated_time_stat.reserve(reports.size());
cpu_accumulated_time_stat.reserve(reports.size());
bytes_per_second_stat.reserve(reports.size());
items_per_second_stat.reserve(reports.size());
// All repetitions should be run with the same number of iterations so we
// can take this information from the first benchmark.
int64_t const run_iterations = reports.front().iterations;
// create stats for user counters
struct CounterStat {
Counter c;
std::vector<double> s;
};
std::map< std::string, CounterStat > counter_stats;
for(Run const& r : reports) {
for(auto const& cnt : r.counters) {
auto it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first);
if(it == counter_stats.end()) {
counter_stats.insert({cnt.first, {cnt.second, std::vector<double>{}}});
it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first);
it->second.s.reserve(reports.size());
} else {
CHECK_EQ(counter_stats[cnt.first].c.flags, cnt.second.flags);
}
}
}
// Populate the accumulators.
for (Run const& run : reports) {
CHECK_EQ(reports[0].benchmark_name, run.benchmark_name);
CHECK_EQ(run_iterations, run.iterations);
if (run.error_occurred) continue;
real_accumulated_time_stat.emplace_back(run.real_accumulated_time);
cpu_accumulated_time_stat.emplace_back(run.cpu_accumulated_time);
items_per_second_stat.emplace_back(run.items_per_second);
bytes_per_second_stat.emplace_back(run.bytes_per_second);
// user counters
for(auto const& cnt : run.counters) {
auto it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first);
CHECK_NE(it, counter_stats.end());
it->second.s.emplace_back(cnt.second);
}
}
// Only add label if it is same for all runs
std::string report_label = reports[0].report_label;
for (std::size_t i = 1; i < reports.size(); i++) {
if (reports[i].report_label != report_label) {
report_label = "";
break;
}
}
for(const auto& Stat : *reports[0].statistics) {
// Get the data from the accumulator to BenchmarkReporter::Run's.
Run data;
data.benchmark_name = reports[0].benchmark_name + "_" + Stat.name_;
data.report_label = report_label;
data.iterations = run_iterations;
data.real_accumulated_time = Stat.compute_(real_accumulated_time_stat);
data.cpu_accumulated_time = Stat.compute_(cpu_accumulated_time_stat);
data.bytes_per_second = Stat.compute_(bytes_per_second_stat);
data.items_per_second = Stat.compute_(items_per_second_stat);
data.time_unit = reports[0].time_unit;
// user counters
for(auto const& kv : counter_stats) {
const auto uc_stat = Stat.compute_(kv.second.s);
auto c = Counter(uc_stat, counter_stats[kv.first].c.flags);
data.counters[kv.first] = c;
}
results.push_back(data);
}
return results;
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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// Copyright 2016 Ismael Jimenez Martinez. All rights reserved.
// Copyright 2017 Roman Lebedev. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#ifndef STATISTICS_H_
#define STATISTICS_H_
#include <vector>
#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
namespace benchmark {
// Return a vector containing the mean, median and standard devation information
// (and any user-specified info) for the specified list of reports. If 'reports'
// contains less than two non-errored runs an empty vector is returned
std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> ComputeStats(
const std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>& reports);
double StatisticsMean(const std::vector<double>& v);
double StatisticsMedian(const std::vector<double>& v);
double StatisticsStdDev(const std::vector<double>& v);
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // STATISTICS_H_

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#include "string_util.h"
#include <array>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdio>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include "arraysize.h"
namespace benchmark {
namespace {
// kilo, Mega, Giga, Tera, Peta, Exa, Zetta, Yotta.
const char kBigSIUnits[] = "kMGTPEZY";
// Kibi, Mebi, Gibi, Tebi, Pebi, Exbi, Zebi, Yobi.
const char kBigIECUnits[] = "KMGTPEZY";
// milli, micro, nano, pico, femto, atto, zepto, yocto.
const char kSmallSIUnits[] = "munpfazy";
// We require that all three arrays have the same size.
static_assert(arraysize(kBigSIUnits) == arraysize(kBigIECUnits),
"SI and IEC unit arrays must be the same size");
static_assert(arraysize(kSmallSIUnits) == arraysize(kBigSIUnits),
"Small SI and Big SI unit arrays must be the same size");
static const int64_t kUnitsSize = arraysize(kBigSIUnits);
void ToExponentAndMantissa(double val, double thresh, int precision,
double one_k, std::string* mantissa,
int64_t* exponent) {
std::stringstream mantissa_stream;
if (val < 0) {
mantissa_stream << "-";
val = -val;
}
// Adjust threshold so that it never excludes things which can't be rendered
// in 'precision' digits.
const double adjusted_threshold =
std::max(thresh, 1.0 / std::pow(10.0, precision));
const double big_threshold = adjusted_threshold * one_k;
const double small_threshold = adjusted_threshold;
// Values in ]simple_threshold,small_threshold[ will be printed as-is
const double simple_threshold = 0.01;
if (val > big_threshold) {
// Positive powers
double scaled = val;
for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(kBigSIUnits); ++i) {
scaled /= one_k;
if (scaled <= big_threshold) {
mantissa_stream << scaled;
*exponent = i + 1;
*mantissa = mantissa_stream.str();
return;
}
}
mantissa_stream << val;
*exponent = 0;
} else if (val < small_threshold) {
// Negative powers
if (val < simple_threshold) {
double scaled = val;
for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(kSmallSIUnits); ++i) {
scaled *= one_k;
if (scaled >= small_threshold) {
mantissa_stream << scaled;
*exponent = -static_cast<int64_t>(i + 1);
*mantissa = mantissa_stream.str();
return;
}
}
}
mantissa_stream << val;
*exponent = 0;
} else {
mantissa_stream << val;
*exponent = 0;
}
*mantissa = mantissa_stream.str();
}
std::string ExponentToPrefix(int64_t exponent, bool iec) {
if (exponent == 0) return "";
const int64_t index = (exponent > 0 ? exponent - 1 : -exponent - 1);
if (index >= kUnitsSize) return "";
const char* array =
(exponent > 0 ? (iec ? kBigIECUnits : kBigSIUnits) : kSmallSIUnits);
if (iec)
return array[index] + std::string("i");
else
return std::string(1, array[index]);
}
std::string ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(double value, double threshold,
int precision, double one_k = 1024.0) {
std::string mantissa;
int64_t exponent;
ToExponentAndMantissa(value, threshold, precision, one_k, &mantissa,
&exponent);
return mantissa + ExponentToPrefix(exponent, false);
}
} // end namespace
void AppendHumanReadable(int n, std::string* str) {
std::stringstream ss;
// Round down to the nearest SI prefix.
ss << ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(n, 1.0, 0);
*str += ss.str();
}
std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n, double one_k) {
// 1.1 means that figures up to 1.1k should be shown with the next unit down;
// this softens edge effects.
// 1 means that we should show one decimal place of precision.
return ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(n, 1.1, 1, one_k);
}
std::string StringPrintFImp(const char* msg, va_list args) {
// we might need a second shot at this, so pre-emptivly make a copy
va_list args_cp;
va_copy(args_cp, args);
// TODO(ericwf): use std::array for first attempt to avoid one memory
// allocation guess what the size might be
std::array<char, 256> local_buff;
std::size_t size = local_buff.size();
// 2015-10-08: vsnprintf is used instead of snd::vsnprintf due to a limitation
// in the android-ndk
auto ret = vsnprintf(local_buff.data(), size, msg, args_cp);
va_end(args_cp);
// handle empty expansion
if (ret == 0) return std::string{};
if (static_cast<std::size_t>(ret) < size)
return std::string(local_buff.data());
// we did not provide a long enough buffer on our first attempt.
// add 1 to size to account for null-byte in size cast to prevent overflow
size = static_cast<std::size_t>(ret) + 1;
auto buff_ptr = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[size]);
// 2015-10-08: vsnprintf is used instead of snd::vsnprintf due to a limitation
// in the android-ndk
ret = vsnprintf(buff_ptr.get(), size, msg, args);
return std::string(buff_ptr.get());
}
std::string StringPrintF(const char* format, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, format);
std::string tmp = StringPrintFImp(format, args);
va_end(args);
return tmp;
}
void ReplaceAll(std::string* str, const std::string& from,
const std::string& to) {
std::size_t start = 0;
while ((start = str->find(from, start)) != std::string::npos) {
str->replace(start, from.length(), to);
start += to.length();
}
}
} // end namespace benchmark

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_STRING_UTIL_H_
#define BENCHMARK_STRING_UTIL_H_
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include "internal_macros.h"
namespace benchmark {
void AppendHumanReadable(int n, std::string* str);
std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n, double one_k = 1024.0);
std::string StringPrintF(const char* format, ...);
inline std::ostream& StringCatImp(std::ostream& out) BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT {
return out;
}
template <class First, class... Rest>
inline std::ostream& StringCatImp(std::ostream& out, First&& f,
Rest&&... rest) {
out << std::forward<First>(f);
return StringCatImp(out, std::forward<Rest>(rest)...);
}
template <class... Args>
inline std::string StrCat(Args&&... args) {
std::ostringstream ss;
StringCatImp(ss, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
return ss.str();
}
void ReplaceAll(std::string* str, const std::string& from,
const std::string& to);
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_STRING_UTIL_H_

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "internal_macros.h"
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
#include <Shlwapi.h>
#include <VersionHelpers.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#else
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h> // this header must be included before 'sys/sysctl.h' to avoid compilation error on FreeBSD
#include <unistd.h>
#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX || \
defined BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD
#define BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#endif
#endif
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <bitset>
#include <cerrno>
#include <climits>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include "check.h"
#include "cycleclock.h"
#include "internal_macros.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "sleep.h"
#include "string_util.h"
namespace benchmark {
namespace {
void PrintImp(std::ostream& out) { out << std::endl; }
template <class First, class... Rest>
void PrintImp(std::ostream& out, First&& f, Rest&&... rest) {
out << std::forward<First>(f);
PrintImp(out, std::forward<Rest>(rest)...);
}
template <class... Args>
BENCHMARK_NORETURN void PrintErrorAndDie(Args&&... args) {
PrintImp(std::cerr, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL
/// ValueUnion - A type used to correctly alias the byte-for-byte output of
/// `sysctl` with the result type it's to be interpreted as.
struct ValueUnion {
union DataT {
uint32_t uint32_value;
uint64_t uint64_value;
// For correct aliasing of union members from bytes.
char bytes[8];
};
using DataPtr = std::unique_ptr<DataT, decltype(&std::free)>;
// The size of the data union member + its trailing array size.
size_t Size;
DataPtr Buff;
public:
ValueUnion() : Size(0), Buff(nullptr, &std::free) {}
explicit ValueUnion(size_t BuffSize)
: Size(sizeof(DataT) + BuffSize),
Buff(::new (std::malloc(Size)) DataT(), &std::free) {}
ValueUnion(ValueUnion&& other) = default;
explicit operator bool() const { return bool(Buff); }
char* data() const { return Buff->bytes; }
std::string GetAsString() const { return std::string(data()); }
int64_t GetAsInteger() const {
if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint32_value))
return static_cast<int32_t>(Buff->uint32_value);
else if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint64_value))
return static_cast<int64_t>(Buff->uint64_value);
BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE();
}
uint64_t GetAsUnsigned() const {
if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint32_value))
return Buff->uint32_value;
else if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint64_value))
return Buff->uint64_value;
BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE();
}
template <class T, int N>
std::array<T, N> GetAsArray() {
const int ArrSize = sizeof(T) * N;
CHECK_LE(ArrSize, Size);
std::array<T, N> Arr;
std::memcpy(Arr.data(), data(), ArrSize);
return Arr;
}
};
ValueUnion GetSysctlImp(std::string const& Name) {
size_t CurBuffSize = 0;
if (sysctlbyname(Name.c_str(), nullptr, &CurBuffSize, nullptr, 0) == -1)
return ValueUnion();
ValueUnion buff(CurBuffSize);
if (sysctlbyname(Name.c_str(), buff.data(), &buff.Size, nullptr, 0) == 0)
return buff;
return ValueUnion();
}
BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED
bool GetSysctl(std::string const& Name, std::string* Out) {
Out->clear();
auto Buff = GetSysctlImp(Name);
if (!Buff) return false;
Out->assign(Buff.data());
return true;
}
template <class Tp,
class = typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Tp>::value>::type>
bool GetSysctl(std::string const& Name, Tp* Out) {
*Out = 0;
auto Buff = GetSysctlImp(Name);
if (!Buff) return false;
*Out = static_cast<Tp>(Buff.GetAsUnsigned());
return true;
}
template <class Tp, size_t N>
bool GetSysctl(std::string const& Name, std::array<Tp, N>* Out) {
auto Buff = GetSysctlImp(Name);
if (!Buff) return false;
*Out = Buff.GetAsArray<Tp, N>();
return true;
}
#endif
template <class ArgT>
bool ReadFromFile(std::string const& fname, ArgT* arg) {
*arg = ArgT();
std::ifstream f(fname.c_str());
if (!f.is_open()) return false;
f >> *arg;
return f.good();
}
bool CpuScalingEnabled(int num_cpus) {
// We don't have a valid CPU count, so don't even bother.
if (num_cpus <= 0) return false;
#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
// On Linux, the CPUfreq subsystem exposes CPU information as files on the
// local file system. If reading the exported files fails, then we may not be
// running on Linux, so we silently ignore all the read errors.
std::string res;
for (int cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpus; ++cpu) {
std::string governor_file =
StrCat("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu", cpu, "/cpufreq/scaling_governor");
if (ReadFromFile(governor_file, &res) && res != "performance") return true;
}
#endif
return false;
}
int CountSetBitsInCPUMap(std::string Val) {
auto CountBits = [](std::string Part) {
using CPUMask = std::bitset<sizeof(std::uintptr_t) * CHAR_BIT>;
Part = "0x" + Part;
CPUMask Mask(std::stoul(Part, nullptr, 16));
return static_cast<int>(Mask.count());
};
size_t Pos;
int total = 0;
while ((Pos = Val.find(',')) != std::string::npos) {
total += CountBits(Val.substr(0, Pos));
Val = Val.substr(Pos + 1);
}
if (!Val.empty()) {
total += CountBits(Val);
}
return total;
}
BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED
std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> GetCacheSizesFromKVFS() {
std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> res;
std::string dir = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cache/";
int Idx = 0;
while (true) {
CPUInfo::CacheInfo info;
std::string FPath = StrCat(dir, "index", Idx++, "/");
std::ifstream f(StrCat(FPath, "size").c_str());
if (!f.is_open()) break;
std::string suffix;
f >> info.size;
if (f.fail())
PrintErrorAndDie("Failed while reading file '", FPath, "size'");
if (f.good()) {
f >> suffix;
if (f.bad())
PrintErrorAndDie(
"Invalid cache size format: failed to read size suffix");
else if (f && suffix != "K")
PrintErrorAndDie("Invalid cache size format: Expected bytes ", suffix);
else if (suffix == "K")
info.size *= 1000;
}
if (!ReadFromFile(StrCat(FPath, "type"), &info.type))
PrintErrorAndDie("Failed to read from file ", FPath, "type");
if (!ReadFromFile(StrCat(FPath, "level"), &info.level))
PrintErrorAndDie("Failed to read from file ", FPath, "level");
std::string map_str;
if (!ReadFromFile(StrCat(FPath, "shared_cpu_map"), &map_str))
PrintErrorAndDie("Failed to read from file ", FPath, "shared_cpu_map");
info.num_sharing = CountSetBitsInCPUMap(map_str);
res.push_back(info);
}
return res;
}
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX
std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> GetCacheSizesMacOSX() {
std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> res;
std::array<uint64_t, 4> CacheCounts{{0, 0, 0, 0}};
GetSysctl("hw.cacheconfig", &CacheCounts);
struct {
std::string name;
std::string type;
int level;
size_t num_sharing;
} Cases[] = {{"hw.l1dcachesize", "Data", 1, CacheCounts[1]},
{"hw.l1icachesize", "Instruction", 1, CacheCounts[1]},
{"hw.l2cachesize", "Unified", 2, CacheCounts[2]},
{"hw.l3cachesize", "Unified", 3, CacheCounts[3]}};
for (auto& C : Cases) {
int val;
if (!GetSysctl(C.name, &val)) continue;
CPUInfo::CacheInfo info;
info.type = C.type;
info.level = C.level;
info.size = val;
info.num_sharing = static_cast<int>(C.num_sharing);
res.push_back(std::move(info));
}
return res;
}
#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> GetCacheSizesWindows() {
std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> res;
DWORD buffer_size = 0;
using PInfo = SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION;
using CInfo = CACHE_DESCRIPTOR;
using UPtr = std::unique_ptr<PInfo, decltype(&std::free)>;
GetLogicalProcessorInformation(nullptr, &buffer_size);
UPtr buff((PInfo*)malloc(buffer_size), &std::free);
if (!GetLogicalProcessorInformation(buff.get(), &buffer_size))
PrintErrorAndDie("Failed during call to GetLogicalProcessorInformation: ",
GetLastError());
PInfo* it = buff.get();
PInfo* end = buff.get() + (buffer_size / sizeof(PInfo));
for (; it != end; ++it) {
if (it->Relationship != RelationCache) continue;
using BitSet = std::bitset<sizeof(ULONG_PTR) * CHAR_BIT>;
BitSet B(it->ProcessorMask);
// To prevent duplicates, only consider caches where CPU 0 is specified
if (!B.test(0)) continue;
CInfo* Cache = &it->Cache;
CPUInfo::CacheInfo C;
C.num_sharing = B.count();
C.level = Cache->Level;
C.size = Cache->Size;
switch (Cache->Type) {
case CacheUnified:
C.type = "Unified";
break;
case CacheInstruction:
C.type = "Instruction";
break;
case CacheData:
C.type = "Data";
break;
case CacheTrace:
C.type = "Trace";
break;
default:
C.type = "Unknown";
break;
}
res.push_back(C);
}
return res;
}
#endif
std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> GetCacheSizes() {
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX
return GetCacheSizesMacOSX();
#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
return GetCacheSizesWindows();
#else
return GetCacheSizesFromKVFS();
#endif
}
int GetNumCPUs() {
#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL
int NumCPU = -1;
if (GetSysctl("hw.ncpu", &NumCPU)) return NumCPU;
fprintf(stderr, "Err: %s\n", strerror(errno));
std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
// Use memset as opposed to = {} to avoid GCC missing initializer false
// positives.
std::memset(&sysinfo, 0, sizeof(SYSTEM_INFO));
GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
return sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors; // number of logical
// processors in the current
// group
#else
int NumCPUs = 0;
int MaxID = -1;
std::ifstream f("/proc/cpuinfo");
if (!f.is_open()) {
std::cerr << "failed to open /proc/cpuinfo\n";
return -1;
}
const std::string Key = "processor";
std::string ln;
while (std::getline(f, ln)) {
if (ln.empty()) continue;
size_t SplitIdx = ln.find(':');
std::string value;
if (SplitIdx != std::string::npos) value = ln.substr(SplitIdx + 1);
if (ln.size() >= Key.size() && ln.compare(0, Key.size(), Key) == 0) {
NumCPUs++;
if (!value.empty()) {
int CurID = std::stoi(value);
MaxID = std::max(CurID, MaxID);
}
}
}
if (f.bad()) {
std::cerr << "Failure reading /proc/cpuinfo\n";
return -1;
}
if (!f.eof()) {
std::cerr << "Failed to read to end of /proc/cpuinfo\n";
return -1;
}
f.close();
if ((MaxID + 1) != NumCPUs) {
fprintf(stderr,
"CPU ID assignments in /proc/cpuinfo seem messed up."
" This is usually caused by a bad BIOS.\n");
}
return NumCPUs;
#endif
BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE();
}
double GetCPUCyclesPerSecond() {
#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX || defined BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN
long freq;
// If the kernel is exporting the tsc frequency use that. There are issues
// where cpuinfo_max_freq cannot be relied on because the BIOS may be
// exporintg an invalid p-state (on x86) or p-states may be used to put the
// processor in a new mode (turbo mode). Essentially, those frequencies
// cannot always be relied upon. The same reasons apply to /proc/cpuinfo as
// well.
if (ReadFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/tsc_freq_khz", &freq)
// If CPU scaling is in effect, we want to use the *maximum* frequency,
// not whatever CPU speed some random processor happens to be using now.
|| ReadFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq",
&freq)) {
// The value is in kHz (as the file name suggests). For example, on a
// 2GHz warpstation, the file contains the value "2000000".
return freq * 1000.0;
}
const double error_value = -1;
double bogo_clock = error_value;
std::ifstream f("/proc/cpuinfo");
if (!f.is_open()) {
std::cerr << "failed to open /proc/cpuinfo\n";
return error_value;
}
auto startsWithKey = [](std::string const& Value, std::string const& Key) {
if (Key.size() > Value.size()) return false;
auto Cmp = [&](char X, char Y) {
return std::tolower(X) == std::tolower(Y);
};
return std::equal(Key.begin(), Key.end(), Value.begin(), Cmp);
};
std::string ln;
while (std::getline(f, ln)) {
if (ln.empty()) continue;
size_t SplitIdx = ln.find(':');
std::string value;
if (SplitIdx != std::string::npos) value = ln.substr(SplitIdx + 1);
// When parsing the "cpu MHz" and "bogomips" (fallback) entries, we only
// accept postive values. Some environments (virtual machines) report zero,
// which would cause infinite looping in WallTime_Init.
if (startsWithKey(ln, "cpu MHz")) {
if (!value.empty()) {
double cycles_per_second = std::stod(value) * 1000000.0;
if (cycles_per_second > 0) return cycles_per_second;
}
} else if (startsWithKey(ln, "bogomips")) {
if (!value.empty()) {
bogo_clock = std::stod(value) * 1000000.0;
if (bogo_clock < 0.0) bogo_clock = error_value;
}
}
}
if (f.bad()) {
std::cerr << "Failure reading /proc/cpuinfo\n";
return error_value;
}
if (!f.eof()) {
std::cerr << "Failed to read to end of /proc/cpuinfo\n";
return error_value;
}
f.close();
// If we found the bogomips clock, but nothing better, we'll use it (but
// we're not happy about it); otherwise, fallback to the rough estimation
// below.
if (bogo_clock >= 0.0) return bogo_clock;
#elif defined BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL
constexpr auto* FreqStr =
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD) || defined(BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD)
"machdep.tsc_freq";
#else
"hw.cpufrequency";
#endif
unsigned long long hz = 0;
if (GetSysctl(FreqStr, &hz)) return hz;
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to determine clock rate from sysctl: %s: %s\n",
FreqStr, strerror(errno));
#elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
// In NT, read MHz from the registry. If we fail to do so or we're in win9x
// then make a crude estimate.
DWORD data, data_size = sizeof(data);
if (IsWindowsXPOrGreater() &&
SUCCEEDED(
SHGetValueA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
"HARDWARE\\DESCRIPTION\\System\\CentralProcessor\\0",
"~MHz", nullptr, &data, &data_size)))
return static_cast<double>((int64_t)data *
(int64_t)(1000 * 1000)); // was mhz
#endif
// If we've fallen through, attempt to roughly estimate the CPU clock rate.
const int estimate_time_ms = 1000;
const auto start_ticks = cycleclock::Now();
SleepForMilliseconds(estimate_time_ms);
return static_cast<double>(cycleclock::Now() - start_ticks);
}
} // end namespace
const CPUInfo& CPUInfo::Get() {
static const CPUInfo* info = new CPUInfo();
return *info;
}
CPUInfo::CPUInfo()
: num_cpus(GetNumCPUs()),
cycles_per_second(GetCPUCyclesPerSecond()),
caches(GetCacheSizes()),
scaling_enabled(CpuScalingEnabled(num_cpus)) {}
} // end namespace benchmark

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// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "timers.h"
#include "internal_macros.h"
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
#include <Shlwapi.h>
#include <VersionHelpers.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#else
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h> // this header must be included before 'sys/sysctl.h' to avoid compilation error on FreeBSD
#include <unistd.h>
#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#endif
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
#include <mach/mach_init.h>
#include <mach/mach_port.h>
#include <mach/thread_act.h>
#endif
#endif
#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN
#include <emscripten.h>
#endif
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <mutex>
#include "check.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "sleep.h"
#include "string_util.h"
namespace benchmark {
// Suppress unused warnings on helper functions.
#if defined(__GNUC__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
#endif
namespace {
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
double MakeTime(FILETIME const& kernel_time, FILETIME const& user_time) {
ULARGE_INTEGER kernel;
ULARGE_INTEGER user;
kernel.HighPart = kernel_time.dwHighDateTime;
kernel.LowPart = kernel_time.dwLowDateTime;
user.HighPart = user_time.dwHighDateTime;
user.LowPart = user_time.dwLowDateTime;
return (static_cast<double>(kernel.QuadPart) +
static_cast<double>(user.QuadPart)) *
1e-7;
}
#else
double MakeTime(struct rusage const& ru) {
return (static_cast<double>(ru.ru_utime.tv_sec) +
static_cast<double>(ru.ru_utime.tv_usec) * 1e-6 +
static_cast<double>(ru.ru_stime.tv_sec) +
static_cast<double>(ru.ru_stime.tv_usec) * 1e-6);
}
#endif
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
double MakeTime(thread_basic_info_data_t const& info) {
return (static_cast<double>(info.user_time.seconds) +
static_cast<double>(info.user_time.microseconds) * 1e-6 +
static_cast<double>(info.system_time.seconds) +
static_cast<double>(info.system_time.microseconds) * 1e-6);
}
#endif
#if defined(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) || defined(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID)
double MakeTime(struct timespec const& ts) {
return ts.tv_sec + (static_cast<double>(ts.tv_nsec) * 1e-9);
}
#endif
BENCHMARK_NORETURN static void DiagnoseAndExit(const char* msg) {
std::cerr << "ERROR: " << msg << std::endl;
std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
} // end namespace
double ProcessCPUUsage() {
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
HANDLE proc = GetCurrentProcess();
FILETIME creation_time;
FILETIME exit_time;
FILETIME kernel_time;
FILETIME user_time;
if (GetProcessTimes(proc, &creation_time, &exit_time, &kernel_time,
&user_time))
return MakeTime(kernel_time, user_time);
DiagnoseAndExit("GetProccessTimes() failed");
#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN)
// clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, ...) returns 0 on Emscripten.
// Use Emscripten-specific API. Reported CPU time would be exactly the
// same as total time, but this is ok because there aren't long-latency
// syncronous system calls in Emscripten.
return emscripten_get_now() * 1e-3;
#elif defined(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) && !defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
// FIXME We want to use clock_gettime, but its not available in MacOS 10.11. See
// https://github.com/google/benchmark/pull/292
struct timespec spec;
if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &spec) == 0)
return MakeTime(spec);
DiagnoseAndExit("clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, ...) failed");
#else
struct rusage ru;
if (getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru) == 0) return MakeTime(ru);
DiagnoseAndExit("getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, ...) failed");
#endif
}
double ThreadCPUUsage() {
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
HANDLE this_thread = GetCurrentThread();
FILETIME creation_time;
FILETIME exit_time;
FILETIME kernel_time;
FILETIME user_time;
GetThreadTimes(this_thread, &creation_time, &exit_time, &kernel_time,
&user_time);
return MakeTime(kernel_time, user_time);
#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
// FIXME We want to use clock_gettime, but its not available in MacOS 10.11. See
// https://github.com/google/benchmark/pull/292
mach_msg_type_number_t count = THREAD_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
thread_basic_info_data_t info;
mach_port_t thread = pthread_mach_thread_np(pthread_self());
if (thread_info(thread, THREAD_BASIC_INFO, (thread_info_t)&info, &count) ==
KERN_SUCCESS) {
return MakeTime(info);
}
DiagnoseAndExit("ThreadCPUUsage() failed when evaluating thread_info");
#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN)
// Emscripten doesn't support traditional threads
return ProcessCPUUsage();
#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_RTEMS)
// RTEMS doesn't support CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID. See
// https://github.com/RTEMS/rtems/blob/master/cpukit/posix/src/clockgettime.c
return ProcessCPUUsage();
#elif defined(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID)
struct timespec ts;
if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, &ts) == 0) return MakeTime(ts);
DiagnoseAndExit("clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, ...) failed");
#else
#error Per-thread timing is not available on your system.
#endif
}
namespace {
std::string DateTimeString(bool local) {
typedef std::chrono::system_clock Clock;
std::time_t now = Clock::to_time_t(Clock::now());
const std::size_t kStorageSize = 128;
char storage[kStorageSize];
std::size_t written;
if (local) {
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
written =
std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%x %X", ::localtime(&now));
#else
std::tm timeinfo;
std::memset(&timeinfo, 0, sizeof(std::tm));
::localtime_r(&now, &timeinfo);
written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%F %T", &timeinfo);
#endif
} else {
#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%x %X", ::gmtime(&now));
#else
std::tm timeinfo;
std::memset(&timeinfo, 0, sizeof(std::tm));
::gmtime_r(&now, &timeinfo);
written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%F %T", &timeinfo);
#endif
}
CHECK(written < kStorageSize);
((void)written); // prevent unused variable in optimized mode.
return std::string(storage);
}
} // end namespace
std::string LocalDateTimeString() { return DateTimeString(true); }
} // end namespace benchmark

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#ifndef BENCHMARK_TIMERS_H
#define BENCHMARK_TIMERS_H
#include <chrono>
#include <string>
namespace benchmark {
// Return the CPU usage of the current process
double ProcessCPUUsage();
// Return the CPU usage of the children of the current process
double ChildrenCPUUsage();
// Return the CPU usage of the current thread
double ThreadCPUUsage();
#if defined(HAVE_STEADY_CLOCK)
template <bool HighResIsSteady = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::is_steady>
struct ChooseSteadyClock {
typedef std::chrono::high_resolution_clock type;
};
template <>
struct ChooseSteadyClock<false> {
typedef std::chrono::steady_clock type;
};
#endif
struct ChooseClockType {
#if defined(HAVE_STEADY_CLOCK)
typedef ChooseSteadyClock<>::type type;
#else
typedef std::chrono::high_resolution_clock type;
#endif
};
inline double ChronoClockNow() {
typedef ChooseClockType::type ClockType;
using FpSeconds = std::chrono::duration<double, std::chrono::seconds::period>;
return FpSeconds(ClockType::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
}
std::string LocalDateTimeString();
} // end namespace benchmark
#endif // BENCHMARK_TIMERS_H

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The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2014 Christopher Gilbert
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2015 Christopher Gilbert.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef BENCHPRESS_HPP
#define BENCHPRESS_HPP
#include <algorithm> // max, min
#include <atomic> // atomic_intmax_t
#include <chrono> // high_resolution_timer, duration
#include <functional> // function
#include <iomanip> // setw
#include <iostream> // cout
#include <regex> // regex, regex_match
#include <sstream> // stringstream
#include <string> // string
#include <thread> // thread
#include <vector> // vector
namespace benchpress {
/*
* The options class encapsulates all options for running benchmarks.
*
* When including benchpress, a main function can be emitted which includes a command-line parser for building an
* options object. However from time-to-time it may be necessary for the developer to have to build their own main
* stub and construct the options object manually.
*
* options opts;
* opts
* .bench(".*")
* .benchtime(1)
* .cpu(4);
*/
class options {
std::string d_bench;
size_t d_benchtime;
size_t d_cpu;
public:
options()
: d_bench(".*")
, d_benchtime(1)
, d_cpu(std::thread::hardware_concurrency())
{}
options& bench(const std::string& bench) {
d_bench = bench;
return *this;
}
options& benchtime(size_t benchtime) {
d_benchtime = benchtime;
return *this;
}
options& cpu(size_t cpu) {
d_cpu = cpu;
return *this;
}
std::string get_bench() const {
return d_bench;
}
size_t get_benchtime() const {
return d_benchtime;
}
size_t get_cpu() const {
return d_cpu;
}
};
class context;
/*
* The benchmark_info class is used to store a function name / pointer pair.
*
* benchmark_info bi("example", [](benchpress::context* b) {
* // benchmark function
* });
*/
class benchmark_info {
std::string d_name;
std::function<void(context*)> d_func;
public:
benchmark_info(std::string name, std::function<void(context*)> func)
: d_name(name)
, d_func(func)
{}
std::string get_name() const { return d_name; }
std::function<void(context*)> get_func() const { return d_func; }
};
/*
* The registration class is responsible for providing a single global point of reference for registering
* benchmark functions.
*
* registration::get_ptr()->register_benchmark(info);
*/
class registration {
static registration* d_this;
std::vector<benchmark_info> d_benchmarks;
public:
static registration* get_ptr() {
if (nullptr == d_this) {
d_this = new registration();
}
return d_this;
}
void register_benchmark(benchmark_info& info) {
d_benchmarks.push_back(info);
}
std::vector<benchmark_info> get_benchmarks() { return d_benchmarks; }
};
/*
* The auto_register class is a helper used to register benchmarks.
*/
class auto_register {
public:
auto_register(const std::string& name, std::function<void(context*)> func) {
benchmark_info info(name, func);
registration::get_ptr()->register_benchmark(info);
}
};
#define CONCAT(x, y) x ## y
#define CONCAT2(x, y) CONCAT(x, y)
// The BENCHMARK macro is a helper for creating benchmark functions and automatically registering them with the
// registration class.
#define BENCHMARK(x, f) benchpress::auto_register CONCAT2(register_, __LINE__)((x), (f));
// This macro will prevent the compiler from removing a redundant code path which has no side-effects.
#define DISABLE_REDUNDANT_CODE_OPT() { asm(""); }
/*
* The result class is responsible for producing a printable string representation of a benchmark run.
*/
class result {
size_t d_num_iterations;
std::chrono::nanoseconds d_duration;
size_t d_num_bytes;
public:
result(size_t num_iterations, std::chrono::nanoseconds duration, size_t num_bytes)
: d_num_iterations(num_iterations)
, d_duration(duration)
, d_num_bytes(num_bytes)
{}
size_t get_ns_per_op() const {
if (d_num_iterations <= 0) {
return 0;
}
return d_duration.count() / d_num_iterations;
}
double get_mb_per_s() const {
if (d_num_iterations <= 0 || d_duration.count() <= 0 || d_num_bytes <= 0) {
return 0;
}
return ((double(d_num_bytes) * double(d_num_iterations) / double(1e6)) /
double(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d_duration).count()));
}
std::string to_string() const {
std::stringstream tmp;
tmp << std::setw(12) << std::right << d_num_iterations;
size_t npo = get_ns_per_op();
tmp << std::setw(12) << std::right << npo << std::setw(0) << " ns/op";
double mbs = get_mb_per_s();
if (mbs > 0.0) {
tmp << std::setw(12) << std::right << mbs << std::setw(0) << " MB/s";
}
return std::string(tmp.str());
}
};
/*
* The parallel_context class is responsible for providing a thread-safe context for parallel benchmark code.
*/
class parallel_context {
std::atomic_intmax_t d_num_iterations;
public:
parallel_context(size_t num_iterations)
: d_num_iterations(num_iterations)
{}
bool next() {
return (d_num_iterations.fetch_sub(1) > 0);
}
};
/*
* The context class is responsible for providing an interface for capturing benchmark metrics to benchmark functions.
*/
class context {
bool d_timer_on;
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point d_start;
std::chrono::nanoseconds d_duration;
std::chrono::seconds d_benchtime;
size_t d_num_iterations;
size_t d_num_threads;
size_t d_num_bytes;
benchmark_info d_benchmark;
public:
context(const benchmark_info& info, const options& opts)
: d_timer_on(false)
, d_start()
, d_duration()
, d_benchtime(std::chrono::seconds(opts.get_benchtime()))
, d_num_iterations(1)
, d_num_threads(opts.get_cpu())
, d_num_bytes(0)
, d_benchmark(info)
{}
size_t num_iterations() const { return d_num_iterations; }
void set_num_threads(size_t n) { d_num_threads = n; }
size_t num_threads() const { return d_num_threads; }
void start_timer() {
if (!d_timer_on) {
d_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
d_timer_on = true;
}
}
void stop_timer() {
if (d_timer_on) {
d_duration += std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - d_start;
d_timer_on = false;
}
}
void reset_timer() {
if (d_timer_on) {
d_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
}
d_duration = std::chrono::nanoseconds::zero();
}
void set_bytes(int64_t bytes) { d_num_bytes = bytes; }
size_t get_ns_per_op() {
if (d_num_iterations <= 0) {
return 0;
}
return d_duration.count() / d_num_iterations;
}
void run_n(size_t n) {
d_num_iterations = n;
reset_timer();
start_timer();
d_benchmark.get_func()(this);
stop_timer();
}
void run_parallel(std::function<void(parallel_context*)> f) {
parallel_context pc(d_num_iterations);
std::vector<std::thread> threads;
for (size_t i = 0; i < d_num_threads; ++i) {
threads.push_back(std::thread([&pc,&f]() -> void {
f(&pc);
}));
}
for(auto& thread : threads){
thread.join();
}
}
result run() {
size_t n = 1;
run_n(n);
while (d_duration < d_benchtime && n < 1e9) {
size_t last = n;
if (get_ns_per_op() == 0) {
n = 1e9;
} else {
n = d_duration.count() / get_ns_per_op();
}
n = std::max(std::min(n+n/2, 100*last), last+1);
n = round_up(n);
run_n(n);
}
return result(n, d_duration, d_num_bytes);
}
private:
template<typename T>
T round_down_10(T n) {
int tens = 0;
while (n > 10) {
n /= 10;
tens++;
}
int result = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < tens; ++i) {
result *= 10;
}
return result;
}
template<typename T>
T round_up(T n) {
T base = round_down_10(n);
if (n < (2 * base)) {
return 2 * base;
}
if (n < (5 * base)) {
return 5 * base;
}
return 10 * base;
}
};
/*
* The run_benchmarks function will run the registered benchmarks.
*/
void run_benchmarks(const options& opts) {
std::regex match_r(opts.get_bench());
auto benchmarks = registration::get_ptr()->get_benchmarks();
for (auto& info : benchmarks) {
if (std::regex_match(info.get_name(), match_r)) {
context c(info, opts);
auto r = c.run();
std::cout << std::setw(35) << std::left << info.get_name() << r.to_string() << std::endl;
}
}
}
} // namespace benchpress
/*
* If BENCHPRESS_CONFIG_MAIN is defined when the file is included then a main function will be emitted which provides a
* command-line parser and then executes run_benchmarks.
*/
#ifdef BENCHPRESS_CONFIG_MAIN
#include "cxxopts.hpp"
benchpress::registration* benchpress::registration::d_this;
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point bp_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
benchpress::options bench_opts;
try {
cxxopts::Options cmd_opts(argv[0], " - command line options");
cmd_opts.add_options()
("bench", "run benchmarks matching the regular expression", cxxopts::value<std::string>()
->default_value(".*"))
("benchtime", "run enough iterations of each benchmark to take t seconds", cxxopts::value<size_t>()
->default_value("1"))
("cpu", "specify the number of threads to use for parallel benchmarks", cxxopts::value<size_t>()
->default_value(std::to_string(std::thread::hardware_concurrency())))
("help", "print help")
;
cmd_opts.parse(argc, argv);
if (cmd_opts.count("help")) {
std::cout << cmd_opts.help({""}) << std::endl;
exit(0);
}
if (cmd_opts.count("bench")) {
bench_opts.bench(cmd_opts["bench"].as<std::string>());
}
if (cmd_opts.count("benchtime")) {
bench_opts.benchtime(cmd_opts["benchtime"].as<size_t>());
}
if (cmd_opts.count("cpu")) {
bench_opts.cpu(cmd_opts["cpu"].as<size_t>());
}
} catch (const cxxopts::OptionException& e) {
std::cout << "error parsing options: " << e.what() << std::endl;
exit(1);
}
benchpress::run_benchmarks(bench_opts);
float duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - bp_start
).count() / 1000.f;
std::cout << argv[0] << " " << duration << "s" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
#endif
#endif // BENCHPRESS_HPP

19
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@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
Copyright (c) 2014 Jarryd Beck
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.

1312
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22
doc/Doxyfile
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@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
# Doxyfile 1.8.14
# Doxyfile 1.8.15
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Project related configuration options
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOXYFILE_ENCODING = UTF-8
PROJECT_NAME = "JSON for Modern C++"
PROJECT_NUMBER = 3.0.1
PROJECT_NUMBER = 3.1.0
PROJECT_BRIEF =
PROJECT_LOGO =
OUTPUT_DIRECTORY = .
CREATE_SUBDIRS = NO
ALLOW_UNICODE_NAMES = NO
OUTPUT_LANGUAGE = English
OUTPUT_TEXT_DIRECTION = None
BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC = YES
REPEAT_BRIEF = NO
ABBREVIATE_BRIEF =
@ -27,11 +28,11 @@ MULTILINE_CPP_IS_BRIEF = NO
INHERIT_DOCS = YES
SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES = YES
TAB_SIZE = 4
ALIASES = "complexity=@par Complexity\n" \
"liveexample{2}=@par Example\n \1 \n @includelineno \2.cpp \n Output (play with this example @htmlinclude \2.link):\n @verbinclude \2.output \n The <a href= https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/examples/\2.cpp>example code</a> above can be translated with @verbatim g++ -std=c++11 -Isrc doc/examples/\2.cpp -o \2 @endverbatim" \
"requirement=@par Requirements\n" \
"exceptionsafety=@par Exception safety\n" \
"iterators=@par Iterator validity\n"
ALIASES = "complexity=@par Complexity^^" \
"liveexample{2}=@par Example^^ \1 ^^ @includelineno \2.cpp \n Output (play with this example @htmlinclude \2.link):^^ @verbinclude \2.output ^^ The <a href= https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/examples/\2.cpp>example code</a> above can be translated with @verbatim g++ -std=c++11 -Isingle_include doc/examples/\2.cpp -o \2 @endverbatim" \
"requirement=@par Requirements^^" \
"exceptionsafety=@par Exception safety^^" \
"iterators=@par Iterator validity^^"
TCL_SUBST =
OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_FOR_C = NO
OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_JAVA = NO
@ -106,8 +107,10 @@ WARN_LOGFILE =
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Configuration options related to the input files
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
INPUT = ../src/json.hpp \
index.md faq.md
INPUT = ../single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp \
index.md \
faq.md \
binary_formats.md
INPUT_ENCODING = UTF-8
FILE_PATTERNS =
RECURSIVE = NO
@ -138,6 +141,7 @@ USE_HTAGS = NO
VERBATIM_HEADERS = NO
CLANG_ASSISTED_PARSING = YES
CLANG_OPTIONS = -std=c++11
CLANG_COMPILATION_DATABASE_PATH = 0
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Configuration options related to the alphabetical class index
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

4
doc/Makefile
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
SRCDIR = ../src
SRCDIR = ../single_include
SED:=$(shell command -v gsed || which sed)
all: doxygen
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ EXAMPLES = $(wildcard examples/*.cpp)
%.link: %.cpp
rm -fr tmp
mkdir tmp
cp $(SRCDIR)/json.hpp tmp
cp -r $(SRCDIR)/nlohmann tmp
scripts/send_to_wandbox.py tmp $< > $@.tmp
/bin/echo -n "<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"`cat $@.tmp`\"><b>online</b></a>" > $@
rm -fr tmp $@.tmp

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# Binary formats
![conversion between JSON and binary formats](images/binary.png)
Several formats exist that encode JSON values in a binary format to reduce the size of the encoded value as well as the required effort to parse encoded value. The library implements three formats, namely
- [CBOR](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049) (Concise Binary Object Representation)
- [MessagePack](https://msgpack.org)
- [UBJSON](http://ubjson.org) (Universal Binary JSON)
## Interface
### JSON to binary format
For each format, the `to_*` functions (i.e., `to_cbor`, `to_msgpack`, and `to_ubjson`) convert a JSON value into the respective binary format. Taking CBOR as example, the concrete prototypes are:
```cpp
static std::vector<uint8_t> to_cbor(const basic_json& j); // 1
static void to_cbor(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<uint8_t> o); // 2
static void to_cbor(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o); // 3
```
The first function creates a byte vector from the given JSON value. The second and third function writes to an output adapter of `uint8_t` and `char`, respectively. Output adapters are implemented for strings, output streams, and vectors.
Given a JSON value `j`, the following calls are possible:
```cpp
std::vector<uint8_t> v;
v = json::to_cbor(j); // 1
json::to_cbor(j, v); // 2
std::string s;
json::to_cbor(j, s); // 3
std::ostringstream oss;
json::to_cbor(j, oss); // 3
```
### Binary format to JSON
Likewise, the `from_*` functions (i.e, `from_cbor`, `from_msgpack`, and `from_ubjson`) convert a binary encoded value into a JSON value. Taking CBOR as example, the concrete prototypes are:
```cpp
static basic_json from_cbor(detail::input_adapter i, const bool strict = true); // 1
static basic_json from_cbor(A1 && a1, A2 && a2, const bool strict = true); // 2
```
Both functions read from an input adapter: the first function takes it directly form argument `i`, whereas the second function creates it from the provided arguments `a1` and `a2`. If the optional parameter `strict` is true, the input must be read completely (or a parse error exception is thrown). If it is false, parsing succeeds even if the input is not completely read.
Input adapters are implemented for input streams, character buffers, string literals, and iterator ranges.
Given several inputs (which we assume to be filled with a CBOR value), the following calls are possible:
```cpp
std::string s;
json j1 = json::from_cbor(s); // 1
std::ifstream is("somefile.cbor", std::ios::binary);
json j2 = json::from_cbor(is); // 1
std::vector<uint8_t> v;
json j3 = json::from_cbor(v); // 1
const char* buff;
std::size_t buff_size;
json j4 = json::from_cbor(buff, buff_size); // 2
```
## Details
### CBOR
The mapping from CBOR to JSON is **incomplete** in the sense that not all CBOR types can be converted to a JSON value. The following CBOR types are not supported and will yield parse errors (parse_error.112):
- byte strings (0x40..0x5F)
- date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
- bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
- decimal fraction (0xC4)
- bigfloat (0xC5)
- tagged items (0xC6..0xD4, 0xD8..0xDB)
- expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
- simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
- undefined (0xF7)
CBOR further allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows strings as keys in object values. Therefore, CBOR maps with keys other than UTF-8 strings are rejected (parse_error.113).
The mapping from JSON to CBOR is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type can be converted to a CBOR value.
If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are serialized properly. This behavior differs from the dump() function which serializes NaN or Infinity to null.
The following CBOR types are not used in the conversion:
- byte strings (0x40..0x5F)
- UTF-8 strings terminated by "break" (0x7F)
- arrays terminated by "break" (0x9F)
- maps terminated by "break" (0xBF)
- date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
- bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
- decimal fraction (0xC4)
- bigfloat (0xC5)
- tagged items (0xC6..0xD4, 0xD8..0xDB)
- expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
- simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
- undefined (0xF7)
- half and single-precision floats (0xF9-0xFA)
- break (0xFF)
### MessagePack
The mapping from MessagePack to JSON is **incomplete** in the sense that not all MessagePack types can be converted to a JSON value. The following MessagePack types are not supported and will yield parse errors:
- bin 8 - bin 32 (0xC4..0xC6)
- ext 8 - ext 32 (0xC7..0xC9)
- fixext 1 - fixext 16 (0xD4..0xD8)
The mapping from JSON to MessagePack is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type can be converted to a MessagePack value.
The following values can not be converted to a MessagePack value:
- strings with more than 4294967295 bytes
- arrays with more than 4294967295 elements
- objects with more than 4294967295 elements
The following MessagePack types are not used in the conversion:
- bin 8 - bin 32 (0xC4..0xC6)
- ext 8 - ext 32 (0xC7..0xC9)
- float 32 (0xCA)
- fixext 1 - fixext 16 (0xD4..0xD8)
Any MessagePack output created `to_msgpack` can be successfully parsed by `from_msgpack`.
If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are serialized properly. This behavior differs from the `dump()` function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
### UBJSON
The mapping from UBJSON to JSON is **complete** in the sense that any UBJSON value can be converted to a JSON value.
The mapping from JSON to UBJSON is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type can be converted to a UBJSON value.
The following values can not be converted to a UBJSON value:
- strings with more than 9223372036854775807 bytes (theoretical)
- unsigned integer numbers above 9223372036854775807
The following markers are not used in the conversion:
- `Z`: no-op values are not created.
- `C`: single-byte strings are serialized with S markers.
Any UBJSON output created to_ubjson can be successfully parsed by from_ubjson.
If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are serialized properly. This behavior differs from the `dump()` function which serializes NaN or Infinity to null.
The optimized formats for containers are supported: Parameter `use_size` adds size information to the beginning of a container and removes the closing marker. Parameter `use_type` further checks whether all elements of a container have the same type and adds the type marker to the beginning of the container. The `use_type` parameter must only be used together with `use_size = true`. Note that `use_size = true` alone may result in larger representations - the benefit of this parameter is that the receiving side is immediately informed on the number of elements of the container.
## Size comparison examples
The following table shows the size compared to the original JSON value for different files from the repository for the different formats.
| format | sample.json | all_unicode.json | floats.json | signed_ints.json | jeopardy.json | canada.json |
| ----------------------- | -----------:| ----------------:| -----------:| ----------------:| -------------:| -----------:|
| JSON | 100.00 % | 100.00 % | 100.00 % | 100.00 % | 100.00 % | 100.00 % |
| CBOR | 87.21 % | 71.18 % | 48.20 % | 44.16 % | 87.96 % | 50.53 % |
| MessagePack | 87.16 % | 71.18 % | 48.20 % | 44.16 % | 87.91 % | 50.56 % |
| UBJSON unoptimized | 88.15 % | 100.00 % | 48.20 % | 44.16 % | 96.58 % | 53.20 % |
| UBJSON size-optimized | 89.26 % | 100.00 % | 48.20 % | 44.16 % | 97.40 % | 58.56 % |
| UBJSON format-optimized | 89.45 % | 100.00 % | 42.85 % | 39.26 % | 94.96 % | 55.93 % |
The results show that there does not exist a "best" encoding. Furthermore, it is not always worthwhile to use UBJSON's optimizations.

2
doc/examples/README.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#include <iostream>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

2
doc/examples/README.link
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/Op57X0V7fTf2tdwl"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/VHpbaZBOnrZcbn7j"><b>online</b></a>

2
doc/examples/array.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#include <iostream>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

2
doc/examples/array.link
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/jKwlQd7pFg6UcIN5"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/piWraYhVg2CV3j2H"><b>online</b></a>

2
doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#include <iostream>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

2
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/FR2yYACZpx0k3Rzp"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/wtWzPSQWWiuxldVs"><b>online</b></a>

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doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#include <iostream>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

2
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/aeF8S2D89A8lfVx1"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/Zh3iTnZNxsSgBvm3"><b>online</b></a>

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doc/examples/at__size_type.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#include <iostream>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

2
doc/examples/at__size_type.link
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/GmNdQadc8cWDzYpn"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/MfM8XIuPWMvxxdeb"><b>online</b></a>

2
doc/examples/at__size_type_const.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#include <iostream>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

2
doc/examples/at__size_type_const.link
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/zLkp80JFsKEuPd1t"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/eFEcnFZxfdLGSMhw"><b>online</b></a>

2
doc/examples/at_json_pointer.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#include <iostream>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

2
doc/examples/at_json_pointer.link
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/3RO0naQeY3cWXNAz"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/ST2lraxpPLdDOUFn"><b>online</b></a>

2
doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#include <iostream>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

2
doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.link
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/LwtGNqrGgjcWey3P"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/FkPwquIlr9pojvGf"><b>online</b></a>

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doc/examples/back.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#include <iostream>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

2
doc/examples/back.link
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/VXTfLJQl9x7NaHrI"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/AxHC1Xl6KALWJ0FJ"><b>online</b></a>

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doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.cpp
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <valarray>
#include "json.hpp"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;

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doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.link
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@ -1 +1 @@
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/s7Ecy7hDYSmUWHyx"><b>online</b></a>
<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/pylFciQUhOx6zXW8"><b>online</b></a>

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doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.output
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@ -28,10 +28,10 @@
1024
-17
8
3.14159265358979
3.141592653589793
null
null
42.2299995422363
42.22999954223633
null
23.42

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