json/test/unit.cpp

/*!
@file
@copyright The code is licensed under the MIT License
           <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
           Copyright (c) 2013-2015 Niels Lohmann.
@author Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>
@see https://github.com/nlohmann/json
*/

#define CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN
#include "catch.hpp"

#include "json.hpp"
using nlohmann::json;

#include <array>
#include <deque>
#include <forward_list>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <vector>

TEST_CASE("constructors")
{
    SECTION("create an empty value with a given type")
    {
        SECTION("null")
        {
            auto t = json::value_t::null;
            json j(t);
            CHECK(j.type() == t);
        }

        SECTION("object")
        {
            auto t = json::value_t::object;
            json j(t);
            CHECK(j.type() == t);
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            auto t = json::value_t::array;
            json j(t);
            CHECK(j.type() == t);
        }

        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            auto t = json::value_t::boolean;
            json j(t);
            CHECK(j.type() == t);
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            auto t = json::value_t::string;
            json j(t);
            CHECK(j.type() == t);
        }

        SECTION("number_integer")
        {
            auto t = json::value_t::number_integer;
            json j(t);
            CHECK(j.type() == t);
        }

        SECTION("number_float")
        {
            auto t = json::value_t::number_float;
            json j(t);
            CHECK(j.type() == t);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create a null object (implicitly)")
    {
        SECTION("no parameter")
        {
            json j{};
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create a null object (explicitly)")
    {
        SECTION("parameter")
        {
            json j(nullptr);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create an object (explicit)")
    {
        SECTION("empty object")
        {
            json::object_t o;
            json j(o);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
        }

        SECTION("filled object")
        {
            json::object_t o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(2.2)}, {"c", json(false)}, {"d", json("string")}, {"e", json()}};
            json j(o);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create an object (implicit)")
    {
        // reference object
        json::object_t o_reference {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(2.2)}, {"c", json(false)}, {"d", json("string")}, {"e", json()}};
        json j_reference(o_reference);

        SECTION("std::map<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::map<json::string_t, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(2.2)}, {"c", json(false)}, {"d", json("string")}, {"e", json()}};
            json j(o);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("std::map<const char*, json>")
        {
            std::map<const char*, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(2.2)}, {"c", json(false)}, {"d", json("string")}, {"e", json()}};
            json j(o);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("std::multimap<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::multimap<json::string_t, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(2.2)}, {"c", json(false)}, {"d", json("string")}, {"e", json()}};
            json j(o);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(2.2)}, {"c", json(false)}, {"d", json("string")}, {"e", json()}};
            json j(o);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(2.2)}, {"c", json(false)}, {"d", json("string")}, {"e", json()}};
            json j(o);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("associative container literal")
        {
            json j({{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(2.2)}, {"c", json(false)}, {"d", json("string")}, {"e", json()}});
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create an array (explicit)")
    {
        SECTION("empty array")
        {
            json::array_t a;
            json j(a);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
        }

        SECTION("filled array")
        {
            json::array_t a {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
            json j(a);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create an array (implicit)")
    {
        // reference array
        json::array_t a_reference {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
        json j_reference(a_reference);

        SECTION("std::list<json>")
        {
            std::list<json> a {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
            json j(a);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("std::forward_list<json>")
        {
            std::forward_list<json> a {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
            json j(a);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("std::array<json, 5>")
        {
            std::array<json, 5> a {{json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()}};
            json j(a);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("std::vector<json>")
        {
            std::vector<json> a {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
            json j(a);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("std::deque<json>")
        {
            std::deque<json> a {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
            json j(a);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("std::set<json>")
        {
            std::set<json> a {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
            json j(a);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            // we cannot really check for equality here
        }

        SECTION("std::unordered_set<json>")
        {
            std::unordered_set<json> a {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
            json j(a);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            // we cannot really check for equality here
        }

        SECTION("sequence container literal")
        {
            json j({json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()});
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create a string (explicit)")
    {
        SECTION("empty string")
        {
            json::string_t s;
            json j(s);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
        }

        SECTION("filled string")
        {
            json::string_t s {"Hello world"};
            json j(s);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create a string (implicit)")
    {
        // reference string
        json::string_t s_reference {"Hello world"};
        json j_reference(s_reference);

        SECTION("std::string")
        {
            std::string s {"Hello world"};
            json j(s);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("char[]")
        {
            char s[] {"Hello world"};
            json j(s);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("const char*")
        {
            const char* s {"Hello world"};
            json j(s);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("string literal")
        {
            json j("Hello world");
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create a boolean (explicit)")
    {
        SECTION("empty boolean")
        {
            json::boolean_t b{};
            json j(b);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::boolean);
        }

        SECTION("filled boolean (true)")
        {
            json j(true);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::boolean);
        }

        SECTION("filled boolean (false)")
        {
            json j(false);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::boolean);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create an integer number (explicit)")
    {
        SECTION("uninitialized value")
        {
            json::number_integer_t n{};
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
        }

        SECTION("initialized value")
        {
            json::number_integer_t n(42);
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create an integer number (implicit)")
    {
        // reference object
        json::number_integer_t n_reference = 42;
        json j_reference(n_reference);

        SECTION("short")
        {
            short n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned short")
        {
            unsigned short n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int")
        {
            int n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned int")
        {
            unsigned int n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("long")
        {
            long n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned long")
        {
            short n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("long long")
        {
            long long n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned long long")
        {
            unsigned long long n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int8_t")
        {
            int8_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int16_t")
        {
            int16_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int32_t")
        {
            int32_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int64_t")
        {
            int64_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int_fast8_t")
        {
            int_fast8_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int_fast16_t")
        {
            int_fast16_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int_fast32_t")
        {
            int_fast32_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int_fast64_t")
        {
            int_fast64_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int_least8_t")
        {
            int_least8_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int_least16_t")
        {
            int_least16_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int_least32_t")
        {
            int_least32_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("int_least64_t")
        {
            int_least64_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint8_t")
        {
            uint8_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint16_t")
        {
            uint16_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint32_t")
        {
            uint32_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint64_t")
        {
            uint64_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint_fast8_t")
        {
            uint_fast8_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint_fast16_t")
        {
            uint_fast16_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint_fast32_t")
        {
            uint_fast32_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint_fast64_t")
        {
            uint_fast64_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint_least8_t")
        {
            uint_least8_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint_least16_t")
        {
            uint_least16_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint_least32_t")
        {
            uint_least32_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("uint_least64_t")
        {
            uint_least64_t n = 42;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("integer literal without suffix")
        {
            json j(42);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("integer literal with u suffix")
        {
            json j(42u);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("integer literal with l suffix")
        {
            json j(42l);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("integer literal with ul suffix")
        {
            json j(42ul);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("integer literal with ll suffix")
        {
            json j(42ll);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }

        SECTION("integer literal with ull suffix")
        {
            json j(42ull);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
            CHECK(j == j_reference);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create a floating-point number (explicit)")
    {
        SECTION("uninitialized value")
        {
            json::number_float_t n{};
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
        }

        SECTION("initialized value")
        {
            json::number_float_t n(42.23);
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
        }
    }

    SECTION("create a floating-point number (implicit)")
    {
        // reference object
        json::number_float_t n_reference = 42.23;
        json j_reference(n_reference);

        SECTION("float")
        {
            float n = 42.23;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("double")
        {
            double n = 42.23;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("long double")
        {
            long double n = 42.23;
            json j(n);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("floating-point literal without suffix")
        {
            json j(42.23);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("integer literal with f suffix")
        {
            json j(42.23f);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("integer literal with l suffix")
        {
            json j(42.23l);
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
        }
    }

    SECTION("create a container (array or object) from an initializer list")
    {
        SECTION("empty initializer list")
        {
            SECTION("explicit")
            {
                std::initializer_list<json> l;
                json j(l);
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            }

            SECTION("implicit")
            {
                json j {};
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
            }
        }

        SECTION("one element")
        {
            SECTION("array")
            {
                SECTION("explicit")
                {
                    std::initializer_list<json> l = {json(json::array_t())};
                    json j(l);
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }

                SECTION("implicit")
                {
                    json j {json::array_t()};
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                SECTION("explicit")
                {
                    std::initializer_list<json> l = {json(json::object_t())};
                    json j(l);
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }

                SECTION("implicit")
                {
                    json j {json::object_t()};
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }
            }

            SECTION("string")
            {
                SECTION("explicit")
                {
                    std::initializer_list<json> l = {json("Hello world")};
                    json j(l);
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }

                SECTION("implicit")
                {
                    json j {"Hello world"};
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }
            }

            SECTION("boolean")
            {
                SECTION("explicit")
                {
                    std::initializer_list<json> l = {json(true)};
                    json j(l);
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }

                SECTION("implicit")
                {
                    json j {true};
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }
            }

            SECTION("number (integer)")
            {
                SECTION("explicit")
                {
                    std::initializer_list<json> l = {json(1)};
                    json j(l);
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }

                SECTION("implicit")
                {
                    json j {1};
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }
            }

            SECTION("number (floating-point)")
            {
                SECTION("explicit")
                {
                    std::initializer_list<json> l = {json(42.23)};
                    json j(l);
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }

                SECTION("implicit")
                {
                    json j {42.23};
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("more elements")
        {
            SECTION("explicit")
            {
                std::initializer_list<json> l = {1, 42.23, true, nullptr, json::object_t(), json::array_t()};
                json j(l);
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            }

            SECTION("implicit")
            {
                json j {1, 42.23, true, nullptr, json::object_t(), json::array_t()};
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            }
        }

        SECTION("implicit type deduction")
        {
            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j { {"one", 1}, {"two", 2.2}, {"three", false} };
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j { {"one", 1}, {"two", 2.2}, {"three", false}, 13 };
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            }
        }

        SECTION("explicit type deduction")
        {
            SECTION("empty object")
            {
                json j = json::object();
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j = json::object({ {"one", 1}, {"two", 2.2}, {"three", false} });
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
            }

            SECTION("object with error")
            {
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::object({ {"one", 1}, {"two", 2.2}, {"three", false}, 13 }), std::logic_error);
            }

            SECTION("empty array")
            {
                json j = json::array();
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j = json::array({ {"one", 1}, {"two", 2.2}, {"three", false} });
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
            }
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("other constructors and destructor")
{
    SECTION("copy constructor")
    {
        SECTION("object")
        {
            json j {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", false}};
            json k(j);
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            json j {"foo", 1, 42.23, false};
            json k(j);
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j(nullptr);
            json k(j);
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j(true);
            json k(j);
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j("Hello world");
            json k(j);
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j(42);
            json k(j);
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
        {
            json j(42.23);
            json k(j);
            CHECK(j == k);
        }
    }

    SECTION("move constructor")
    {
        json j {{"foo", "bar"}, {"baz", {1, 2, 3, 4}}, {"a", 42.23}, {"b", nullptr}};
        CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
        json k(std::move(j));
        CHECK(k.type() == json::value_t::object);
        CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
    }

    SECTION("copy assignment")
    {
        SECTION("object")
        {
            json j {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", false}};
            json k;
            k = j;
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            json j {"foo", 1, 42.23, false};
            json k;
            k = j;
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j(nullptr);
            json k;
            k = j;
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j(true);
            json k;
            k = j;
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j("Hello world");
            json k;
            k = j;
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j(42);
            json k;
            k = j;
            CHECK(j == k);
        }

        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
        {
            json j(42.23);
            json k;
            k = j;
            CHECK(j == k);
        }
    }

    SECTION("destructor")
    {
        SECTION("object")
        {
            auto j = new json {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", false}};
            delete j;
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            auto j = new json {"foo", 1, false, 23.42};
            delete j;
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            auto j = new json("Hello world");
            delete j;
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("object inspection")
{
    SECTION("convenience type checker")
    {
        SECTION("object")
        {
            json j {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", false}};
            CHECK(not j.is_null());
            CHECK(not j.is_boolean());
            CHECK(not j.is_number());
            CHECK(j.is_object());
            CHECK(not j.is_array());
            CHECK(not j.is_string());
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            json j {"foo", 1, 42.23, false};
            CHECK(not j.is_null());
            CHECK(not j.is_boolean());
            CHECK(not j.is_number());
            CHECK(not j.is_object());
            CHECK(j.is_array());
            CHECK(not j.is_string());
        }

        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j(nullptr);
            CHECK(j.is_null());
            CHECK(not j.is_boolean());
            CHECK(not j.is_number());
            CHECK(not j.is_object());
            CHECK(not j.is_array());
            CHECK(not j.is_string());
        }

        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j(true);
            CHECK(not j.is_null());
            CHECK(j.is_boolean());
            CHECK(not j.is_number());
            CHECK(not j.is_object());
            CHECK(not j.is_array());
            CHECK(not j.is_string());
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j("Hello world");
            CHECK(not j.is_null());
            CHECK(not j.is_boolean());
            CHECK(not j.is_number());
            CHECK(not j.is_object());
            CHECK(not j.is_array());
            CHECK(j.is_string());
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j(42);
            CHECK(not j.is_null());
            CHECK(not j.is_boolean());
            CHECK(j.is_number());
            CHECK(not j.is_object());
            CHECK(not j.is_array());
            CHECK(not j.is_string());
        }

        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
        {
            json j(42.23);
            CHECK(not j.is_null());
            CHECK(not j.is_boolean());
            CHECK(j.is_number());
            CHECK(not j.is_object());
            CHECK(not j.is_array());
            CHECK(not j.is_string());
        }
    }

    SECTION("serialization")
    {
        json j {{"object", json::object()}, {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4}}, {"number", 42}, {"boolean", false}, {"null", nullptr}, {"string", "Hello world"} };

        SECTION("no indent / indent=-1")
        {
            CHECK(j.dump() ==
                  "{\"array\":[1,2,3,4],\"boolean\":false,\"null\":null,\"number\":42,\"object\":{},\"string\":\"Hello world\"}");

            CHECK(j.dump() == j.dump(-1));
        }

        SECTION("indent=0")
        {
            CHECK(j.dump(0) ==
                  "{\n\"array\": [\n1,\n2,\n3,\n4\n],\n\"boolean\": false,\n\"null\": null,\n\"number\": 42,\n\"object\": {},\n\"string\": \"Hello world\"\n}");
        }

        SECTION("indent=4")
        {
            CHECK(j.dump(4) ==
                  "{\n    \"array\": [\n        1,\n        2,\n        3,\n        4\n    ],\n    \"boolean\": false,\n    \"null\": null,\n    \"number\": 42,\n    \"object\": {},\n    \"string\": \"Hello world\"\n}");
        }

        SECTION("dump and floating-point numbers")
        {
            auto s = json(42.23).dump();
            CHECK(s.find("42.23") != std::string::npos);
        }

        SECTION("dump and small floating-point numbers")
        {
            auto s = json(1.23456e-78).dump();
            CHECK(s.find("1.23456e-78") != std::string::npos);
        }

        SECTION("dump and non-ASCII characters")
        {
            CHECK(json("ä").dump() == "\"ä\"");
            CHECK(json("Ö").dump() == "\"Ö\"");
            CHECK(json("❤️").dump() == "\"❤️\"");
        }
    }

    SECTION("return the type of the object (explicit)")
    {
        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j = nullptr;
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
        }

        SECTION("object")
        {
            json j = {{"foo", "bar"}};
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
        }

        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j = true;
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::boolean);
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j = "Hello world";
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j = 23;
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
        }

        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
        {
            json j = 42.23;
            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
        }
    }

    SECTION("return the type of the object (implicit)")
    {
        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j = nullptr;
            json::value_t t = j;
            CHECK(t == j.type());
        }

        SECTION("object")
        {
            json j = {{"foo", "bar"}};
            json::value_t t = j;
            CHECK(t == j.type());
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
            json::value_t t = j;
            CHECK(t == j.type());
        }

        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j = true;
            json::value_t t = j;
            CHECK(t == j.type());
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j = "Hello world";
            json::value_t t = j;
            CHECK(t == j.type());
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j = 23;
            json::value_t t = j;
            CHECK(t == j.type());
        }

        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
        {
            json j = 42.23;
            json::value_t t = j;
            CHECK(t == j.type());
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("value conversion")
{
    SECTION("get an object (explicit)")
    {
        json::object_t o_reference = {{"object", json::object()}, {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4}}, {"number", 42}, {"boolean", false}, {"null", nullptr}, {"string", "Hello world"} };
        json j(o_reference);

        SECTION("json::object_t")
        {
            json::object_t o = j.get<json::object_t>();
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::map<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::map<json::string_t, json> o = j.get<std::map<json::string_t, json>>();
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::multimap<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::multimap<json::string_t, json> o = j.get<std::multimap<json::string_t, json>>();
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json> o = j.get<std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json>>();
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json> o =
                j.get<std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json>>();
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }

        SECTION("exception in case of a non-object type")
        {
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::object_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::object_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::object_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::object_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::object_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::object_t>(), std::logic_error);
        }
    }

    SECTION("get an object (implicit)")
    {
        json::object_t o_reference = {{"object", json::object()}, {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4}}, {"number", 42}, {"boolean", false}, {"null", nullptr}, {"string", "Hello world"} };
        json j(o_reference);

        SECTION("json::object_t")
        {
            json::object_t o = j;
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::map<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::map<json::string_t, json> o = j;
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::multimap<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::multimap<json::string_t, json> o = j;
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json> o = j;
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json>")
        {
            std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json> o = j;
            CHECK(json(o) == j);
        }
    }

    SECTION("get an array (explicit)")
    {
        json::array_t a_reference {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
        json j(a_reference);

        SECTION("json::array_t")
        {
            json::array_t a = j.get<json::array_t>();
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::list<json>")
        {
            std::list<json> a = j.get<std::list<json>>();
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::forward_list<json>")
        {
            std::forward_list<json> a = j.get<std::forward_list<json>>();
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::vector<json>")
        {
            std::vector<json> a = j.get<std::vector<json>>();
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::deque<json>")
        {
            std::deque<json> a = j.get<std::deque<json>>();
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }

        SECTION("exception in case of a non-array type")
        {
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::array_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::array_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::array_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::array_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::array_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::array_t>(), std::logic_error);
        }
    }

    SECTION("get an array (implicit)")
    {
        json::array_t a_reference {json(1), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
        json j(a_reference);

        SECTION("json::array_t")
        {
            json::array_t a = j;
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::list<json>")
        {
            std::list<json> a = j;
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::forward_list<json>")
        {
            std::forward_list<json> a = j;
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::vector<json>")
        {
            std::vector<json> a = j;
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::deque<json>")
        {
            std::deque<json> a = j;
            CHECK(json(a) == j);
        }
    }

    SECTION("get a string (explicit)")
    {
        json::string_t s_reference {"Hello world"};
        json j(s_reference);

        SECTION("string_t")
        {
            json::string_t s = j.get<json::string_t>();
            CHECK(json(s) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::string")
        {
            std::string s = j.get<std::string>();
            CHECK(json(s) == j);
        }

        SECTION("exception in case of a non-string type")
        {
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::string_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::string_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::string_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::string_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::string_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::string_t>(), std::logic_error);
        }
    }

    SECTION("get a string (implicit)")
    {
        json::string_t s_reference {"Hello world"};
        json j(s_reference);

        SECTION("string_t")
        {
            json::string_t s = j;
            CHECK(json(s) == j);
        }

        SECTION("std::string")
        {
            std::string s = j;
            CHECK(json(s) == j);
        }
    }

    SECTION("get a boolean (explicit)")
    {
        json::boolean_t b_reference {true};
        json j(b_reference);

        SECTION("boolean_t")
        {
            json::boolean_t b = j.get<json::boolean_t>();
            CHECK(json(b) == j);
        }

        SECTION("bool")
        {
            bool b = j.get<bool>();
            CHECK(json(b) == j);
        }

        SECTION("exception in case of a non-string type")
        {
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::boolean_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::boolean_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::boolean_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::boolean_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::boolean_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::boolean_t>(), std::logic_error);
        }
    }

    SECTION("get a boolean (implicit)")
    {
        json::boolean_t b_reference {true};
        json j(b_reference);

        SECTION("boolean_t")
        {
            json::boolean_t b = j;
            CHECK(json(b) == j);
        }

        SECTION("bool")
        {
            bool b = j;
            CHECK(json(b) == j);
        }
    }

    SECTION("get an integer number (explicit)")
    {
        json::number_integer_t n_reference {42};
        json j(n_reference);

        SECTION("number_integer_t")
        {
            json::number_integer_t n = j.get<json::number_integer_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("short")
        {
            short n = j.get<short>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned short")
        {
            unsigned short n = j.get<unsigned short>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int")
        {
            int n = j.get<int>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned int")
        {
            unsigned int n = j.get<unsigned int>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("long")
        {
            long n = j.get<long>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned long")
        {
            unsigned long n = j.get<unsigned long>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("long long")
        {
            long long n = j.get<long long>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned long long")
        {
            unsigned long long n = j.get<unsigned long long>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int8_t")
        {
            int8_t n = j.get<int8_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int16_t")
        {
            int16_t n = j.get<int16_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int32_t")
        {
            int32_t n = j.get<int32_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int64_t")
        {
            int64_t n = j.get<int64_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int8_fast_t")
        {
            int_fast8_t n = j.get<int_fast8_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int16_fast_t")
        {
            int_fast16_t n = j.get<int_fast16_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int32_fast_t")
        {
            int_fast32_t n = j.get<int_fast32_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int64_fast_t")
        {
            int_fast64_t n = j.get<int_fast64_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int8_least_t")
        {
            int_least8_t n = j.get<int_least8_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int16_least_t")
        {
            int_least16_t n = j.get<int_least16_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int32_least_t")
        {
            int_least32_t n = j.get<int_least32_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int64_least_t")
        {
            int_least64_t n = j.get<int_least64_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint8_t")
        {
            uint8_t n = j.get<uint8_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint16_t")
        {
            uint16_t n = j.get<uint16_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint32_t")
        {
            uint32_t n = j.get<uint32_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint64_t")
        {
            uint64_t n = j.get<uint64_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint8_fast_t")
        {
            uint_fast8_t n = j.get<uint_fast8_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint16_fast_t")
        {
            uint_fast16_t n = j.get<uint_fast16_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint32_fast_t")
        {
            uint_fast32_t n = j.get<uint_fast32_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint64_fast_t")
        {
            uint_fast64_t n = j.get<uint_fast64_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint8_least_t")
        {
            uint_least8_t n = j.get<uint_least8_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint16_least_t")
        {
            uint_least16_t n = j.get<uint_least16_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint32_least_t")
        {
            uint_least32_t n = j.get<uint_least32_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint64_least_t")
        {
            uint_least64_t n = j.get<uint_least64_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("exception in case of a non-number type")
        {
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::number_integer_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::number_integer_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::number_integer_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::number_integer_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::number_integer_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_NOTHROW(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::number_integer_t>());
        }
    }

    SECTION("get an integer number (implicit)")
    {
        json::number_integer_t n_reference {42};
        json j(n_reference);

        SECTION("number_integer_t")
        {
            json::number_integer_t n = j.get<json::number_integer_t>();
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("short")
        {
            short n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned short")
        {
            unsigned short n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int")
        {
            int n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned int")
        {
            unsigned int n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("long")
        {
            long n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned long")
        {
            unsigned long n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("long long")
        {
            long long n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("unsigned long long")
        {
            unsigned long long n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int8_t")
        {
            int8_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int16_t")
        {
            int16_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int32_t")
        {
            int32_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int64_t")
        {
            int64_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int8_fast_t")
        {
            int_fast8_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int16_fast_t")
        {
            int_fast16_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int32_fast_t")
        {
            int_fast32_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int64_fast_t")
        {
            int_fast64_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int8_least_t")
        {
            int_least8_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int16_least_t")
        {
            int_least16_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int32_least_t")
        {
            int_least32_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("int64_least_t")
        {
            int_least64_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint8_t")
        {
            uint8_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint16_t")
        {
            uint16_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint32_t")
        {
            uint32_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint64_t")
        {
            uint64_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint8_fast_t")
        {
            uint_fast8_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint16_fast_t")
        {
            uint_fast16_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint32_fast_t")
        {
            uint_fast32_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint64_fast_t")
        {
            uint_fast64_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint8_least_t")
        {
            uint_least8_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint16_least_t")
        {
            uint_least16_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint32_least_t")
        {
            uint_least32_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }

        SECTION("uint64_least_t")
        {
            uint_least64_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n) == j);
        }
    }

    SECTION("get a floating-point number (explicit)")
    {
        json::number_float_t n_reference {42.23};
        json j(n_reference);

        SECTION("number_float_t")
        {
            json::number_float_t n = j.get<json::number_float_t>();
            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("float")
        {
            float n = j.get<float>();
            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("double")
        {
            double n = j.get<double>();
            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("exception in case of a non-string type")
        {
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::number_float_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::number_float_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::number_float_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::number_float_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::number_float_t>(), std::logic_error);
            CHECK_NOTHROW(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::number_float_t>());
        }
    }

    SECTION("get a floating-point number (implicit)")
    {
        json::number_float_t n_reference {42.23};
        json j(n_reference);

        SECTION("number_float_t")
        {
            json::number_float_t n = j;
            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("float")
        {
            float n = j;
            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
        }

        SECTION("double")
        {
            double n = j;
            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("element access")
{
    SECTION("array")
    {
        json j = {1, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
        const json j_const = j;

        SECTION("access specified element with bounds checking")
        {
            SECTION("access within bounds")
            {
                CHECK(j.at(0) == json(1));
                CHECK(j.at(1) == json(true));
                CHECK(j.at(2) == json(nullptr));
                CHECK(j.at(3) == json("string"));
                CHECK(j.at(4) == json(42.23));
                CHECK(j.at(5) == json(json::object()));
                CHECK(j.at(6) == json({1, 2, 3}));

                CHECK(j_const.at(0) == json(1));
                CHECK(j_const.at(1) == json(true));
                CHECK(j_const.at(2) == json(nullptr));
                CHECK(j_const.at(3) == json("string"));
                CHECK(j_const.at(4) == json(42.23));
                CHECK(j_const.at(5) == json(json::object()));
                CHECK(j_const.at(6) == json({1, 2, 3}));
            }

            SECTION("access outside bounds")
            {
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at(7), std::out_of_range);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const.at(7), std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("access on non-array type")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::null);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("boolean")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::boolean);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("string")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::string);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("object")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::object);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("number (integer)")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_integer);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_float);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), std::runtime_error);
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("access specified element")
        {
            SECTION("access within bounds")
            {
                CHECK(j[0] == json(1));
                CHECK(j[1] == json(true));
                CHECK(j[2] == json(nullptr));
                CHECK(j[3] == json("string"));
                CHECK(j[4] == json(42.23));
                CHECK(j[5] == json(json::object()));
                CHECK(j[6] == json({1, 2, 3}));

                CHECK(j_const[0] == json(1));
                CHECK(j_const[1] == json(true));
                CHECK(j_const[2] == json(nullptr));
                CHECK(j_const[3] == json("string"));
                CHECK(j_const[4] == json(42.23));
                CHECK(j_const[5] == json(json::object()));
                CHECK(j_const[6] == json({1, 2, 3}));
            }

            SECTION("access on non-array type")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    SECTION("standard tests")
                    {
                        json j_nonarray(json::value_t::null);
                        const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                        CHECK_NOTHROW(j_nonarray[0]);
                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], std::runtime_error);
                    }

                    SECTION("implicit transformation to properly filled array")
                    {
                        json j_nonarray;
                        j_nonarray[3] = 42;
                        CHECK(j_nonarray == json({nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 42}));
                    }
                }

                SECTION("boolean")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::boolean);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("string")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::string);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("object")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::object);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("number (integer)")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_integer);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_float);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], std::runtime_error);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("object")
    {
        json j = {{"integer", 1}, {"floating", 42.23}, {"null", nullptr}, {"string", "hello world"}, {"boolean", true}, {"object", json::object()}, {"array", {1, 2, 3}}};
        const json j_const = j;

        SECTION("access specified element with bounds checking")
        {
            SECTION("access within bounds")
            {
                CHECK(j.at("integer") == json(1));
                CHECK(j.at("boolean") == json(true));
                CHECK(j.at("null") == json(nullptr));
                CHECK(j.at("string") == json("hello world"));
                CHECK(j.at("floating") == json(42.23));
                CHECK(j.at("object") == json(json::object()));
                CHECK(j.at("array") == json({1, 2, 3}));

                CHECK(j_const.at("integer") == json(1));
                CHECK(j_const.at("boolean") == json(true));
                CHECK(j_const.at("null") == json(nullptr));
                CHECK(j_const.at("string") == json("hello world"));
                CHECK(j_const.at("floating") == json(42.23));
                CHECK(j_const.at("object") == json(json::object()));
                CHECK(j_const.at("array") == json({1, 2, 3}));
            }

            SECTION("access outside bounds")
            {
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at("foo"), std::out_of_range);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const.at("foo"), std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("access on non-object type")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("boolean")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("string")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("array")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("number (integer)")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), std::runtime_error);
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("access specified element")
        {
            SECTION("access within bounds")
            {
                CHECK(j["integer"] == json(1));
                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("integer")] == j["integer"]);
                CHECK(j_const["integer"] == json(1));
                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("integer")] == j["integer"]);

                CHECK(j["boolean"] == json(true));
                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("boolean")] == j["boolean"]);
                CHECK(j_const["boolean"] == json(true));
                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("boolean")] == j["boolean"]);

                CHECK(j["null"] == json(nullptr));
                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("null")] == j["null"]);
                CHECK(j_const["null"] == json(nullptr));
                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("null")] == j["null"]);

                CHECK(j["string"] == json("hello world"));
                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("string")] == j["string"]);
                CHECK(j_const["string"] == json("hello world"));
                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("string")] == j["string"]);

                CHECK(j["floating"] == json(42.23));
                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("floating")] == j["floating"]);
                CHECK(j_const["floating"] == json(42.23));
                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("floating")] == j["floating"]);

                CHECK(j["object"] == json(json::object()));
                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("object")] == j["object"]);
                CHECK(j_const["object"] == json(json::object()));
                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("object")] == j["object"]);

                CHECK(j["array"] == json({1, 2, 3}));
                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("array")] == j["array"]);
                CHECK(j_const["array"] == json({1, 2, 3}));
                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("array")] == j["array"]);
            }

            SECTION("access on non-object type")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
                    json j_nonobject2(json::value_t::null);
                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_NOTHROW(j_nonobject["foo"]);
                    CHECK_NOTHROW(j_nonobject2[json::object_t::key_type("foo")]);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("boolean")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("string")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("array")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("number (integer)")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                }

                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], std::runtime_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], std::runtime_error);
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("find an element in an object")
        {
            SECTION("existing element")
            {
                for (auto key :
                        {"integer", "floating", "null", "string", "boolean", "object", "array"
                        })
                {
                    CHECK(j.find(key) != j.end());
                    CHECK(*j.find(key) == j.at(key));
                    CHECK(j_const.find(key) != j_const.end());
                    CHECK(*j_const.find(key) == j_const.at(key));
                }
            }

            SECTION("nonexisting element")
            {
                CHECK(j.find("foo") == j.end());
                CHECK(j_const.find("foo") == j_const.end());
            }

            SECTION("all types")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::null);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
                }

                SECTION("string")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::string);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
                }

                SECTION("object")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::object);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
                }

                SECTION("array")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::array);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
                }

                SECTION("boolean")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::boolean);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
                }

                SECTION("number (integer)")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_integer);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
                }

                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
                {
                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_float);
                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("count keys in an object")
        {
            SECTION("existing element")
            {
                for (auto key :
                        {"integer", "floating", "null", "string", "boolean", "object", "array"
                        })
                {
                    CHECK(j.count(key) == 1);
                    CHECK(j_const.count(key) == 1);
                }
            }

            SECTION("nonexisting element")
            {
                CHECK(j.count("foo") == 0);
                CHECK(j_const.count("foo") == 0);
            }

            SECTION("all types")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
                }

                SECTION("string")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
                }

                SECTION("object")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::object);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
                }

                SECTION("array")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
                }

                SECTION("boolean")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
                }

                SECTION("number (integer)")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
                }

                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
                {
                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("iterators")
{
    SECTION("basic behavior")
    {
        SECTION("uninitialized")
        {
            json::iterator it;
            CHECK(it.m_object == nullptr);

            json::const_iterator cit;
            CHECK(cit.m_object == nullptr);
        }

        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j = true;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("json + begin/end")
            {
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.begin());
                CHECK(it == j.end());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.begin());
                CHECK(it == j.end());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j_const.begin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.end());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.end());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }

            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.cend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.cend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j_const.cbegin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }

            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
            {
                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.rend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.rend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.crend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.crend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j = "hello world";
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("json + begin/end")
            {
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.begin());
                CHECK(it == j.end());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.begin());
                CHECK(it == j.end());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j_const.begin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.end());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.end());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }

            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.cend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.cend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j_const.cbegin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }

            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
            {
                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.rend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.rend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.crend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.crend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            json j = {1, 2, 3};
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("json + begin/end")
            {
                json::iterator it_begin = j.begin();
                json::iterator it_end = j.end();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[0]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[1]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[2]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
            {
                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.begin();
                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.end();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j_const[0]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j_const[1]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j_const[2]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it_begin = j.cbegin();
                json::const_iterator it_end = j.cend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[0]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[1]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[2]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.cbegin();
                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.cend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[0]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[1]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[2]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
            {
                json::reverse_iterator it_begin = j.rbegin();
                json::reverse_iterator it_end = j.rend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[2]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[1]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[0]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it_begin = j.crbegin();
                json::const_reverse_iterator it_end = j.crend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[2]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[1]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[0]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it_begin = j_const.crbegin();
                json::const_reverse_iterator it_end = j_const.crend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[2]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[1]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j[0]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }
        }

        SECTION("object")
        {
            json j = {{"A", 1}, {"B", 2}, {"C", 3}};
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("json + begin/end")
            {
                json::iterator it_begin = j.begin();
                json::iterator it_end = j.end();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
            {
                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.begin();
                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.end();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j_const["A"]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j_const["B"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j_const["C"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it_begin = j.cbegin();
                json::const_iterator it_end = j.cend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.cbegin();
                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.cend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j_const["A"]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j_const["B"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j_const["C"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
            {
                json::reverse_iterator it_begin = j.rbegin();
                json::reverse_iterator it_end = j.rend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it_begin = j.crbegin();
                json::const_reverse_iterator it_end = j.crend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it_begin = j_const.crbegin();
                json::const_reverse_iterator it_end = j_const.crend();

                auto it = it_begin;
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it != it_end);
                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != it_begin);
                CHECK(it == it_end);
            }
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j = 23;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("json + begin/end")
            {
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.begin());
                CHECK(it == j.end());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.begin());
                CHECK(it == j.end());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j_const.begin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.end());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.end());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }

            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.cend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.cend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j_const.cbegin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }

            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
            {
                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.rend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.rend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.crend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.crend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }
        }

        SECTION("number (float)")
        {
            json j = 23.42;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("json + begin/end")
            {
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.begin());
                CHECK(it == j.end());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.begin());
                CHECK(it == j.end());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
                CHECK(it != j.end());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j_const.begin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.end());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.end());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }

            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.cend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.cend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it = j_const.cbegin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }

            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
            {
                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.rend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.rend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.rend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.crend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j.crend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j);
            }

            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                it++;
                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());

                it--;
                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);

                ++it;
                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());

                --it;
                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
                CHECK(*it == j_const);
            }
        }

        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j = nullptr;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("json + begin/end")
            {
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it == j.end());
            }

            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
            {
                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.begin();
                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.end();
                CHECK(it_begin == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it_begin = j.cbegin();
                json::const_iterator it_end = j.cend();
                CHECK(it_begin == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
            {
                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.cbegin();
                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.cend();
                CHECK(it_begin == it_end);
            }

            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
            {
                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
                CHECK(it == j.rend());
            }

            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
                CHECK(it == j.crend());
            }

            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
            {
                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("iterator comparisons")
    {
        json j_values = {nullptr, true, 42, 23.23, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, "Hello, world"};

        for (json& j : j_values)
        {
            auto it1 = j.begin();
            auto it2 = j.begin();
            auto it3 = j.begin();
            ++it2;
            ++it3;
            ++it3;
            auto it1_c = j.cbegin();
            auto it2_c = j.cbegin();
            auto it3_c = j.cbegin();
            ++it2_c;
            ++it3_c;
            ++it3_c;

            // comparison: equal
            {
                CHECK(it1 == it1);
                CHECK(not (it1 == it2));
                CHECK(not (it1 == it3));
                CHECK(not (it2 == it3));
                CHECK(it1_c == it1_c);
                CHECK(not (it1_c == it2_c));
                CHECK(not (it1_c == it3_c));
                CHECK(not (it2_c == it3_c));
            }

            // comparison: not equal
            {
                // check definition
                CHECK( (it1 != it1) == not(it1 == it1) );
                CHECK( (it1 != it2) == not(it1 == it2) );
                CHECK( (it1 != it3) == not(it1 == it3) );
                CHECK( (it2 != it3) == not(it2 == it3) );
                CHECK( (it1_c != it1_c) == not(it1_c == it1_c) );
                CHECK( (it1_c != it2_c) == not(it1_c == it2_c) );
                CHECK( (it1_c != it3_c) == not(it1_c == it3_c) );
                CHECK( (it2_c != it3_c) == not(it2_c == it3_c) );
            }

            // comparison: smaller
            {
                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
                {
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 < it1, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 < it2, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 < it3, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 < it3, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c < it1_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c < it2_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c < it3_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c < it3_c, std::domain_error);
                }
                else
                {
                    CHECK(not (it1 < it1));
                    CHECK(it1 < it2);
                    CHECK(it1 < it3);
                    CHECK(it2 < it3);
                    CHECK(not (it1_c < it1_c));
                    CHECK(it1_c < it2_c);
                    CHECK(it1_c < it3_c);
                    CHECK(it2_c < it3_c);
                }
            }

            // comparison: less than or equal
            {
                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
                {
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 <= it1, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 <= it2, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 <= it3, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 <= it3, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c <= it1_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c <= it2_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c <= it3_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c <= it3_c, std::domain_error);
                }
                else
                {
                    // check definition
                    CHECK( (it1 <= it1) == not(it1 < it1) );
                    CHECK( (it1 <= it2) == not(it2 < it1) );
                    CHECK( (it1 <= it3) == not(it3 < it1) );
                    CHECK( (it2 <= it3) == not(it3 < it2) );
                    CHECK( (it1_c <= it1_c) == not(it1_c < it1_c) );
                    CHECK( (it1_c <= it2_c) == not(it2_c < it1_c) );
                    CHECK( (it1_c <= it3_c) == not(it3_c < it1_c) );
                    CHECK( (it2_c <= it3_c) == not(it3_c < it2_c) );
                }
            }

            // comparison: greater than
            {
                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
                {
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 > it1, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 > it2, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 > it3, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 > it3, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c > it1_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c > it2_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c > it3_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c > it3_c, std::domain_error);
                }
                else
                {
                    // check definition
                    CHECK( (it1 > it1) == (it1 < it1) );
                    CHECK( (it1 > it2) == (it2 < it1) );
                    CHECK( (it1 > it3) == (it3 < it1) );
                    CHECK( (it2 > it3) == (it3 < it2) );
                    CHECK( (it1_c > it1_c) == (it1_c < it1_c) );
                    CHECK( (it1_c > it2_c) == (it2_c < it1_c) );
                    CHECK( (it1_c > it3_c) == (it3_c < it1_c) );
                    CHECK( (it2_c > it3_c) == (it3_c < it2_c) );
                }
            }

            // comparison: greater than or equal
            {
                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
                {
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 >= it1, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 >= it2, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 >= it3, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 >= it3, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c >= it1_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c >= it2_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c >= it3_c, std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c >= it3_c, std::domain_error);
                }
                else
                {
                    // check definition
                    CHECK( (it1 >= it1) == not(it1 < it1) );
                    CHECK( (it1 >= it2) == not(it1 < it2) );
                    CHECK( (it1 >= it3) == not(it1 < it3) );
                    CHECK( (it2 >= it3) == not(it2 < it3) );
                    CHECK( (it1_c >= it1_c) == not(it1_c < it1_c) );
                    CHECK( (it1_c >= it2_c) == not(it1_c < it2_c) );
                    CHECK( (it1_c >= it3_c) == not(it1_c < it3_c) );
                    CHECK( (it2_c >= it3_c) == not(it2_c < it3_c) );
                }
            }
        }

        // check exceptions if different objects are compared
        for (auto j : j_values)
        {
            for (auto k : j_values)
            {
                if (j != k)
                {
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.begin() == k.begin(), std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.cbegin() == k.cbegin(), std::domain_error);

                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.begin() < k.begin(), std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.cbegin() < k.cbegin(), std::domain_error);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("iterator arithmetic")
    {
        json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
        json j_array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
        json j_null = nullptr;
        json j_value = 42;

        SECTION("addition and subtraction")
        {
            SECTION("object")
            {
                {
                    auto it = j_object.begin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it += 1, std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it += 1, std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.begin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it + 1, std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it + 1, std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.begin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it -= 1, std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it -= 1, std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.begin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - 1, std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - 1, std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.begin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - it, std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - it, std::domain_error);
                }
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                {
                    auto it = j_array.begin();
                    it += 3;
                    CHECK((j_array.begin() + 3) == it);
                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_array.begin());
                    CHECK((it - j_array.begin()) == 3);
                    CHECK(*it == json(4));
                    it -= 2;
                    CHECK(*it == json(2));
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_array.cbegin();
                    it += 3;
                    CHECK((j_array.cbegin() + 3) == it);
                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_array.cbegin());
                    CHECK((it - j_array.cbegin()) == 3);
                    CHECK(*it == json(4));
                    it -= 2;
                    CHECK(*it == json(2));
                }
            }

            SECTION("null")
            {
                {
                    auto it = j_null.begin();
                    it += 3;
                    CHECK((j_null.begin() + 3) == it);
                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_null.begin());
                    CHECK((it - j_null.begin()) == 3);
                    CHECK(it != j_null.end());
                    it -= 3;
                    CHECK(it == j_null.end());
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_null.cbegin();
                    it += 3;
                    CHECK((j_null.cbegin() + 3) == it);
                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_null.cbegin());
                    CHECK((it - j_null.cbegin()) == 3);
                    CHECK(it != j_null.cend());
                    it -= 3;
                    CHECK(it == j_null.cend());
                }
            }

            SECTION("value")
            {
                {
                    auto it = j_value.begin();
                    it += 3;
                    CHECK((j_value.begin() + 3) == it);
                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_value.begin());
                    CHECK((it - j_value.begin()) == 3);
                    CHECK(it != j_value.end());
                    it -= 3;
                    CHECK(*it == json(42));
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_value.cbegin();
                    it += 3;
                    CHECK((j_value.cbegin() + 3) == it);
                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_value.cbegin());
                    CHECK((it - j_value.cbegin()) == 3);
                    CHECK(it != j_value.cend());
                    it -= 3;
                    CHECK(*it == json(42));
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("subscript operator")
        {
            SECTION("object")
            {
                {
                    auto it = j_object.begin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], std::domain_error);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], std::domain_error);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], std::domain_error);
                }
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                {
                    auto it = j_array.begin();
                    CHECK(it[0] == json(1));
                    CHECK(it[1] == json(2));
                    CHECK(it[2] == json(3));
                    CHECK(it[3] == json(4));
                    CHECK(it[4] == json(5));
                    CHECK(it[5] == json(6));
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_array.cbegin();
                    CHECK(it[0] == json(1));
                    CHECK(it[1] == json(2));
                    CHECK(it[2] == json(3));
                    CHECK(it[3] == json(4));
                    CHECK(it[4] == json(5));
                    CHECK(it[5] == json(6));
                }
            }

            SECTION("null")
            {
                {
                    auto it = j_null.begin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], std::out_of_range);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], std::out_of_range);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_null.cbegin();
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], std::out_of_range);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], std::out_of_range);
                }
            }

            SECTION("value")
            {
                {
                    auto it = j_value.begin();
                    CHECK(it[0] == json(42));
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], std::out_of_range);
                }
                {
                    auto it = j_value.cbegin();
                    CHECK(it[0] == json(42));
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], std::out_of_range);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("capacity")
{
    SECTION("empty()")
    {
        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j = true;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.empty() == false);
                CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
            }

            SECTION("definition of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.begin() != j.end());
                CHECK(j_const.begin() != j_const.end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j = "hello world";
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.empty() == false);
                CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
            }

            SECTION("definition of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.begin() != j.end());
                CHECK(j_const.begin() != j_const.end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            SECTION("empty array")
            {
                json j = json::array();
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of empty")
                {
                    CHECK(j.empty() == true);
                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == true);
                }

                SECTION("definition of empty")
                {
                    CHECK(j.begin() == j.end());
                    CHECK(j_const.begin() == j_const.end());
                }
            }

            SECTION("filled array")
            {
                json j = {1, 2, 3};
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of empty")
                {
                    CHECK(j.empty() == false);
                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
                }

                SECTION("definition of empty")
                {
                    CHECK(j.begin() != j.end());
                    CHECK(j_const.begin() != j_const.end());
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("object")
        {
            SECTION("empty object")
            {
                json j = json::object();
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of empty")
                {
                    CHECK(j.empty() == true);
                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == true);
                }

                SECTION("definition of empty")
                {
                    CHECK(j.begin() == j.end());
                    CHECK(j_const.begin() == j_const.end());
                }
            }

            SECTION("filled object")
            {
                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of empty")
                {
                    CHECK(j.empty() == false);
                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
                }

                SECTION("definition of empty")
                {
                    CHECK(j.begin() != j.end());
                    CHECK(j_const.begin() != j_const.end());
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j = 23;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.empty() == false);
                CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
            }

            SECTION("definition of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.begin() != j.end());
                CHECK(j_const.begin() != j_const.end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("number (float)")
        {
            json j = 23.42;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.empty() == false);
                CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
            }

            SECTION("definition of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.begin() != j.end());
                CHECK(j_const.begin() != j_const.end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j = nullptr;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.empty() == true);
                CHECK(j_const.empty() == true);
            }

            SECTION("definition of empty")
            {
                CHECK(j.begin() == j.end());
                CHECK(j_const.begin() == j_const.end());
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("size()")
    {
        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j = true;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of size")
            {
                CHECK(j.size() == 1);
                CHECK(j_const.size() == 1);
            }

            SECTION("definition of size")
            {
                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
            }
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j = "hello world";
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of size")
            {
                CHECK(j.size() == 1);
                CHECK(j_const.size() == 1);
            }

            SECTION("definition of size")
            {
                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
            }
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            SECTION("empty array")
            {
                json j = json::array();
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of size")
                {
                    CHECK(j.size() == 0);
                    CHECK(j_const.size() == 0);
                }

                SECTION("definition of size")
                {
                    CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
                }
            }

            SECTION("filled array")
            {
                json j = {1, 2, 3};
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of size")
                {
                    CHECK(j.size() == 3);
                    CHECK(j_const.size() == 3);
                }

                SECTION("definition of size")
                {
                    CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("object")
        {
            SECTION("empty object")
            {
                json j = json::object();
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of size")
                {
                    CHECK(j.size() == 0);
                    CHECK(j_const.size() == 0);
                }

                SECTION("definition of size")
                {
                    CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
                }
            }

            SECTION("filled object")
            {
                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of size")
                {
                    CHECK(j.size() == 3);
                    CHECK(j_const.size() == 3);
                }

                SECTION("definition of size")
                {
                    CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j = 23;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of size")
            {
                CHECK(j.size() == 1);
                CHECK(j_const.size() == 1);
            }

            SECTION("definition of size")
            {
                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
            }
        }

        SECTION("number (float)")
        {
            json j = 23.42;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of size")
            {
                CHECK(j.size() == 1);
                CHECK(j_const.size() == 1);
            }

            SECTION("definition of size")
            {
                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
            }
        }

        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j = nullptr;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of size")
            {
                CHECK(j.size() == 0);
                CHECK(j_const.size() == 0);
            }

            SECTION("definition of size")
            {
                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("max_size()")
    {
        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j = true;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of max_size")
            {
                CHECK(j.max_size() == 1);
                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 1);
            }
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j = "hello world";
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of max_size")
            {
                CHECK(j.max_size() == 1);
                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 1);
            }
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            SECTION("empty array")
            {
                json j = json::array();
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of max_size")
                {
                    CHECK(j.max_size() >= j.size());
                    CHECK(j_const.max_size() >= j_const.size());
                }
            }

            SECTION("filled array")
            {
                json j = {1, 2, 3};
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of max_size")
                {
                    CHECK(j.max_size() >= j.size());
                    CHECK(j_const.max_size() >= j_const.size());
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("object")
        {
            SECTION("empty object")
            {
                json j = json::object();
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of max_size")
                {
                    CHECK(j.max_size() >= j.size());
                    CHECK(j_const.max_size() >= j_const.size());
                }
            }

            SECTION("filled object")
            {
                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
                json j_const(j);

                SECTION("result of max_size")
                {
                    CHECK(j.max_size() >= j.size());
                    CHECK(j_const.max_size() >= j_const.size());
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j = 23;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of max_size")
            {
                CHECK(j.max_size() == 1);
                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 1);
            }
        }

        SECTION("number (float)")
        {
            json j = 23.42;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of max_size")
            {
                CHECK(j.max_size() == 1);
                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 1);
            }
        }

        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j = nullptr;
            json j_const(j);

            SECTION("result of max_size")
            {
                CHECK(j.max_size() == 0);
                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 0);
            }
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("modifiers")
{
    SECTION("clear()")
    {
        SECTION("boolean")
        {
            json j = true;

            j.clear();
            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::boolean));
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            json j = "hello world";

            j.clear();
            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::string));
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            SECTION("empty array")
            {
                json j = json::array();

                j.clear();
                CHECK(j.empty());
                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::array));
            }

            SECTION("filled array")
            {
                json j = {1, 2, 3};

                j.clear();
                CHECK(j.empty());
                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::array));
            }
        }

        SECTION("object")
        {
            SECTION("empty object")
            {
                json j = json::object();

                j.clear();
                CHECK(j.empty());
                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::object));
            }

            SECTION("filled object")
            {
                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};

                j.clear();
                CHECK(j.empty());
                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::object));
            }
        }

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
            json j = 23;

            j.clear();
            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::number_integer));
        }

        SECTION("number (float)")
        {
            json j = 23.42;

            j.clear();
            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::number_float));
        }

        SECTION("null")
        {
            json j = nullptr;

            j.clear();
            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::null));
        }
    }

    SECTION("push_back()")
    {
        SECTION("to array")
        {
            SECTION("json&&")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    json j;
                    j.push_back(1);
                    j.push_back(2);
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2}));
                }

                SECTION("array")
                {
                    json j = {1, 2, 3};
                    j.push_back("Hello");
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, "Hello"}));
                }

                SECTION("other type")
                {
                    json j = 1;
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.push_back("Hello"), std::runtime_error);
                }
            }

            SECTION("const json&")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    json j;
                    json k(1);
                    j.push_back(k);
                    j.push_back(k);
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                    CHECK(j == json({1, 1}));
                }

                SECTION("array")
                {
                    json j = {1, 2, 3};
                    json k("Hello");
                    j.push_back(k);
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, "Hello"}));
                }

                SECTION("other type")
                {
                    json j = 1;
                    json k("Hello");
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.push_back(k), std::runtime_error);
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("to object")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j;
                j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1}));
                j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"two", 2}));
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
                CHECK(j.size() == 2);
                CHECK(j["one"] == json(1));
                CHECK(j["two"] == json(2));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::object);
                j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1}));
                j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"two", 2}));
                CHECK(j.size() == 2);
                CHECK(j["one"] == json(1));
                CHECK(j["two"] == json(2));
            }

            SECTION("other type")
            {
                json j = 1;
                json k("Hello");
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1})), std::runtime_error);
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("operator+=")
    {
        SECTION("to array")
        {
            SECTION("json&&")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    json j;
                    j += 1;
                    j += 2;
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2}));
                }

                SECTION("array")
                {
                    json j = {1, 2, 3};
                    j += "Hello";
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, "Hello"}));
                }

                SECTION("other type")
                {
                    json j = 1;
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j += "Hello", std::runtime_error);
                }
            }

            SECTION("const json&")
            {
                SECTION("null")
                {
                    json j;
                    json k(1);
                    j += k;
                    j += k;
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                    CHECK(j == json({1, 1}));
                }

                SECTION("array")
                {
                    json j = {1, 2, 3};
                    json k("Hello");
                    j += k;
                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, "Hello"}));
                }

                SECTION("other type")
                {
                    json j = 1;
                    json k("Hello");
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j += k, std::runtime_error);
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("to object")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j;
                j += json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1});
                j += json::object_t::value_type({"two", 2});
                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
                CHECK(j.size() == 2);
                CHECK(j["one"] == json(1));
                CHECK(j["two"] == json(2));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::object);
                j += json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1});
                j += json::object_t::value_type({"two", 2});
                CHECK(j.size() == 2);
                CHECK(j["one"] == json(1));
                CHECK(j["two"] == json(2));
            }

            SECTION("other type")
            {
                json j = 1;
                json k("Hello");
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j += json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1}), std::runtime_error);
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("swap()")
    {
        SECTION("json")
        {
            SECTION("member swap")
            {
                json j("hello world");
                json k(42.23);

                j.swap(k);

                CHECK(j == json(42.23));
                CHECK(k == json("hello world"));
            }

            SECTION("nonmember swap")
            {
                json j("hello world");
                json k(42.23);

                std::swap(j, k);

                CHECK(j == json(42.23));
                CHECK(k == json("hello world"));
            }
        }

        SECTION("array_t")
        {
            SECTION("array_t type")
            {
                json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
                json::array_t a = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};

                j.swap(a);

                CHECK(j == json({"foo", "bar", "baz"}));

                j.swap(a);

                CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, 4}));
            }

            SECTION("non-array_t type")
            {
                json j = 17;
                json::array_t a = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};

                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.swap(a), std::runtime_error);
            }
        }

        SECTION("object_t")
        {
            SECTION("object_t type")
            {
                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
                json::object_t o = {{"cow", "Kuh"}, {"chicken", "Huhn"}};

                j.swap(o);

                CHECK(j == json({{"cow", "Kuh"}, {"chicken", "Huhn"}}));

                j.swap(o);

                CHECK(j == json({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}));
            }

            SECTION("non-object_t type")
            {
                json j = 17;
                json::object_t o = {{"cow", "Kuh"}, {"chicken", "Huhn"}};

                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.swap(o), std::runtime_error);
            }
        }

        SECTION("string_t")
        {
            SECTION("string_t type")
            {
                json j = "Hello world";
                json::string_t s = "Hallo Welt";

                j.swap(s);

                CHECK(j == json("Hallo Welt"));

                j.swap(s);

                CHECK(j == json("Hello world"));
            }

            SECTION("non-string_t type")
            {
                json j = 17;
                json::string_t s = "Hallo Welt";

                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.swap(s), std::runtime_error);
            }
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("lexicographical comparison operators")
{
    SECTION("types")
    {
        std::vector<json::value_t> j_types =
        {
            json::value_t::null,
            json::value_t::boolean,
            json::value_t::number_integer,
            json::value_t::number_float,
            json::value_t::object,
            json::value_t::array,
            json::value_t::string
        };

        SECTION("comparison: less")
        {
            std::vector<std::vector<bool>> expected =
            {
                {false, true, true, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, false, false, true, true, true},
                {false, false, false, false, true, true, true},
                {false, false, false, false, false, true, true},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false}
            };

            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_types.size(); ++i)
            {
                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_types.size(); ++j)
                {
                    CAPTURE(i);
                    CAPTURE(j);
                    // check precomputed values
                    CHECK( (j_types[i] < j_types[j]) == expected[i][j] );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("values")
    {
        json j_values =
        {
            nullptr, nullptr,
            17, 42,
            3.14159, 23.42,
            "foo", "bar",
            true, false,
            {1, 2, 3}, {"one", "two", "three"},
            {{"first", 1}, {"second", 2}}, {{"a", "A"}, {"b", {"B"}}}
        };

        SECTION("comparison: equal")
        {
            std::vector<std::vector<bool>> expected =
            {
                {true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true}
            };

            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
            {
                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
                {
                    // check precomputed values
                    CHECK( (j_values[i] == j_values[j]) == expected[i][j] );
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("comparison: not equal")
        {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
            {
                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
                {
                    // check definition
                    CHECK( (j_values[i] != j_values[j]) == not(j_values[i] == j_values[j]) );
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("comparison: less")
        {
            std::vector<std::vector<bool>> expected =
            {
                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, false, true, false, true, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, true, true, false, true, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, false, true, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, false, true, true, true, true},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, true, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, false, false},
                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, false}
            };

            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
            {
                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
                {
                    // check precomputed values
                    CHECK( (j_values[i] < j_values[j]) == expected[i][j] );
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("comparison: less than or equal equal")
        {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
            {
                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
                {
                    // check definition
                    CHECK( (j_values[i] <= j_values[j]) == not(j_values[j] < j_values[i]) );
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("comparison: greater than")
        {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
            {
                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
                {
                    // check definition
                    CHECK( (j_values[i] > j_values[j]) == (j_values[j] < j_values[i]) );
                }
            }
        }

        SECTION("comparison: greater than or equal")
        {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
            {
                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
                {
                    // check definition
                    CHECK( (j_values[i] >= j_values[j]) == not(j_values[i] < j_values[j]) );
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("serialization")
{
    SECTION("operator<<")
    {
        SECTION("no given width")
        {
            std::stringstream ss;
            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
            ss << j;
            CHECK(ss.str() == "[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}]");
        }

        SECTION("given width")
        {
            std::stringstream ss;
            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
            ss << std::setw(4) << j;
            CHECK(ss.str() ==
                  "[\n    \"foo\",\n    1,\n    2,\n    3,\n    false,\n    {\n        \"one\": 1\n    }\n]");
        }
    }

    SECTION("operator>>")
    {
        SECTION("no given width")
        {
            std::stringstream ss;
            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
            j >> ss;
            CHECK(ss.str() == "[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}]");
        }

        SECTION("given width")
        {
            std::stringstream ss;
            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
            ss.width(4);
            j >> ss;
            CHECK(ss.str() ==
                  "[\n    \"foo\",\n    1,\n    2,\n    3,\n    false,\n    {\n        \"one\": 1\n    }\n]");
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("deserialization")
{
    SECTION("string")
    {
        auto s = "[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}]";
        json j = json::parse(s);
        CHECK(j == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
    }

    SECTION("operator<<")
    {
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << "[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}]";
        json j;
        j << ss;
        CHECK(j == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
    }

    SECTION("operator>>")
    {
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << "[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}]";
        json j;
        ss >> j;
        CHECK(j == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
    }

    SECTION("user-defined string literal")
    {
        CHECK("[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}]"_json == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
    }
}

TEST_CASE("iterator class")
{
    SECTION("construction")
    {
        SECTION("constructor")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::iterator it(&j);
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::object);
                json::iterator it(&j);
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::array);
                json::iterator it(&j);
            }
        }

        SECTION("copy assignment")
        {
            json j(json::value_t::null);
            json::iterator it(&j);
            json::iterator it2(&j);
            it2 = it;
        }
    }

    SECTION("initialization")
    {
        SECTION("set_begin")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::iterator it(&j);
                it.set_begin();
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::object);
                json::iterator it(&j);
                it.set_begin();
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::array);
                json::iterator it(&j);
                it.set_begin();
                CHECK(it == j.begin());
            }
        }

        SECTION("set_end")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::iterator it(&j);
                it.set_end();
                CHECK(it == j.end());
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::object);
                json::iterator it(&j);
                it.set_end();
                CHECK(it == j.end());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::array);
                json::iterator it(&j);
                it.set_end();
                CHECK(it == j.end());
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("element access")
    {
        SECTION("operator*")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(*it, std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(*it == json(17));
                it = j.end();
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(*it, std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(*it == json("bar"));
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(*it == json(1));
            }
        }

        SECTION("operator->")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it->type_name(), std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it->type_name() == "number");
                it = j.end();
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it->type_name(), std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it->type_name() == "string");
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it->type_name() == "number");
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("increment/decrement")
    {
        SECTION("post-increment")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                it++;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 0);
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                it++;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("pre-increment")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                ++it;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 0);
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                ++it;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::iterator it = j.begin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("post-decrement")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::iterator it = j.end();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::iterator it = j.end();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 0);
                it--;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::iterator it = j.end();
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::iterator it = j.end();
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("pre-decrement")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::iterator it = j.end();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::iterator it = j.end();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 0);
                --it;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::iterator it = j.end();
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::iterator it = j.end();
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
            }
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("const_iterator class")
{
    SECTION("construction")
    {
        SECTION("constructor")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::const_iterator it(&j);
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::object);
                json::const_iterator it(&j);
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::array);
                json::const_iterator it(&j);
            }
        }

        SECTION("copy assignment")
        {
            json j(json::value_t::null);
            json::const_iterator it(&j);
            json::const_iterator it2(&j);
            it2 = it;
        }
    }

    SECTION("initialization")
    {
        SECTION("set_begin")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::const_iterator it(&j);
                it.set_begin();
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::object);
                json::const_iterator it(&j);
                it.set_begin();
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::array);
                json::const_iterator it(&j);
                it.set_begin();
                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
            }
        }

        SECTION("set_end")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::const_iterator it(&j);
                it.set_end();
                CHECK(it == j.cend());
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::object);
                json::const_iterator it(&j);
                it.set_end();
                CHECK(it == j.cend());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::array);
                json::const_iterator it(&j);
                it.set_end();
                CHECK(it == j.cend());
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("element access")
    {
        SECTION("operator*")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(*it, std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(*it == json(17));
                it = j.cend();
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(*it, std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(*it == json("bar"));
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(*it == json(1));
            }
        }

        SECTION("operator->")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it->type_name(), std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it->type_name() == "number");
                it = j.cend();
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it->type_name(), std::out_of_range);
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it->type_name() == "string");
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it->type_name() == "number");
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("increment/decrement")
    {
        SECTION("post-increment")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                it++;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 0);
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                it++;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it++;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("pre-increment")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                ++it;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 0);
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                ++it;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                ++it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("post-decrement")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 0);
                it--;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                it--;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
            }
        }

        SECTION("pre-decrement")
        {
            SECTION("null")
            {
                json j(json::value_t::null);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
            }

            SECTION("number")
            {
                json j(17);
                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 1);
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.generic_iterator == 0);
                --it;
                CHECK((it.m_it.generic_iterator != 0 and it.m_it.generic_iterator != 1));
            }

            SECTION("object")
            {
                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin());
            }

            SECTION("array")
            {
                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
                --it;
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin());
                CHECK(it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end());
            }
        }
    }
}

TEST_CASE("convenience functions")
{
    SECTION("type name as string")
    {
        CHECK(json(json::value_t::null).type_name() == "null");
        CHECK(json(json::value_t::object).type_name() == "object");
        CHECK(json(json::value_t::array).type_name() == "array");
        CHECK(json(json::value_t::number_integer).type_name() == "number");
        CHECK(json(json::value_t::number_float).type_name() == "number");
        CHECK(json(json::value_t::boolean).type_name() == "boolean");
        CHECK(json(json::value_t::string).type_name() == "string");
    }

    SECTION("string escape")
    {
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\"") == "\\\"");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\\") == "\\\\");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\b") == "\\b");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\f") == "\\f");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\n") == "\\n");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\r") == "\\r");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\t") == "\\t");

        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x01") == "\\u0001");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x02") == "\\u0002");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x03") == "\\u0003");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x04") == "\\u0004");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x05") == "\\u0005");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x06") == "\\u0006");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x07") == "\\u0007");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x08") == "\\b");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x09") == "\\t");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x0a") == "\\n");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x0b") == "\\u000b");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x0c") == "\\f");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x0d") == "\\r");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x0e") == "\\u000e");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x0f") == "\\u000f");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x10") == "\\u0010");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x11") == "\\u0011");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x12") == "\\u0012");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x13") == "\\u0013");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x14") == "\\u0014");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x15") == "\\u0015");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x16") == "\\u0016");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x17") == "\\u0017");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x18") == "\\u0018");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x19") == "\\u0019");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x1a") == "\\u001a");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x1b") == "\\u001b");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x1c") == "\\u001c");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x1d") == "\\u001d");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x1e") == "\\u001e");
        CHECK(json::escape_string("\x1f") == "\\u001f");
    }
}

TEST_CASE("lexer class")
{
    SECTION("scan")
    {
        SECTION("structural characters")
        {
            CHECK(json::lexer("[").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::begin_array);
            CHECK(json::lexer("]").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::end_array);
            CHECK(json::lexer("{").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::begin_object);
            CHECK(json::lexer("}").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::end_object);
            CHECK(json::lexer(",").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_separator);
            CHECK(json::lexer(":").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::name_separator);
        }

        SECTION("literal names")
        {
            CHECK(json::lexer("null").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::literal_null);
            CHECK(json::lexer("true").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::literal_true);
            CHECK(json::lexer("false").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::literal_false);
        }

        SECTION("numbers")
        {
            CHECK(json::lexer("0").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
            CHECK(json::lexer("1").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
            CHECK(json::lexer("2").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
            CHECK(json::lexer("3").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
            CHECK(json::lexer("4").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
            CHECK(json::lexer("5").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
            CHECK(json::lexer("6").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
            CHECK(json::lexer("7").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
            CHECK(json::lexer("8").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
            CHECK(json::lexer("9").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::value_number);
        }

        SECTION("whitespace")
        {
            // result is end_of_input, because not token is following
            CHECK(json::lexer(" ").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input);
            CHECK(json::lexer("\t").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input);
            CHECK(json::lexer("\n").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input);
            CHECK(json::lexer("\r").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input);
            CHECK(json::lexer(" \t\n\r\n\t ").scan() == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input);
        }
    }

    SECTION("token_type_name")
    {
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::uninitialized) == "<uninitialized>");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::literal_true) == "true literal");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::literal_false) == "false literal");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::literal_null) == "null literal");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_string) == "string literal");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_number) == "number literal");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::begin_array) == "[");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::begin_object) == "{");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::end_array) == "]");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::end_object) == "}");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::name_separator) == ":");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_separator) == ",");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::parse_error) == "<parse error>");
        CHECK(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input) == "<end of input>");
    }

    SECTION("parse errors on first character")
    {
        for (int c = 1; c < 128; ++c)
        {
            auto s = std::string(1, c);

            switch (c)
            {
                // single characters that are valid tokens
                case ('['):
                case (']'):
                case ('{'):
                case ('}'):
                case (','):
                case (':'):
                case ('0'):
                case ('1'):
                case ('2'):
                case ('3'):
                case ('4'):
                case ('5'):
                case ('6'):
                case ('7'):
                case ('8'):
                case ('9'):
                {
                    CHECK(json::lexer(s.c_str()).scan() != json::lexer::token_type::parse_error);
                    break;
                }

                // whitespace
                case (' '):
                case ('\t'):
                case ('\n'):
                case ('\r'):
                {
                    CHECK(json::lexer(s.c_str()).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input);
                    break;
                }

                // anything else is not expected
                default:
                {
                    CHECK(json::lexer(s.c_str()).scan() == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("to_unicode")
    {
        CHECK(json::lexer::to_unicode(0x1F4A9) == "💩");
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::lexer::to_unicode(0x200000), std::out_of_range);
    }
}

TEST_CASE("parser class")
{
    SECTION("parse")
    {
        SECTION("null")
        {
            CHECK(json::parser("null").parse() == json(nullptr));
        }

        SECTION("true")
        {
            CHECK(json::parser("true").parse() == json(true));
        }

        SECTION("false")
        {
            CHECK(json::parser("false").parse() == json(false));
        }

        SECTION("array")
        {
            SECTION("empty array")
            {
                CHECK(json::parser("[]").parse() == json(json::value_t::array));
                CHECK(json::parser("[ ]").parse() == json(json::value_t::array));
            }

            SECTION("nonempty array")
            {
                CHECK(json::parser("[true, false, null]").parse() == json({true, false, nullptr}));
            }
        }

        SECTION("object")
        {
            SECTION("empty object")
            {
                CHECK(json::parser("{}").parse() == json(json::value_t::object));
                CHECK(json::parser("{ }").parse() == json(json::value_t::object));
            }

            SECTION("nonempty object")
            {
                CHECK(json::parser("{\"\": true, \"one\": 1, \"two\": null}").parse() == json({{"", true}, {"one", 1}, {"two", nullptr}}));
            }
        }

        SECTION("string")
        {
            // empty string
            CHECK(json::parser("\"\"").parse() == json(json::value_t::string));

            SECTION("escaped")
            {
                // quotation mark
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\\"\"").parse() == json("\\\""));
                // reverse solidus
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\\\\"").parse() == json("\\\\"));
                // solidus
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\/\"").parse() == json("\\/"));
                // backspace
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\b\"").parse() == json("\b"));
                // formfeed
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\f\"").parse() == json("\f"));
                // newline
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\n\"").parse() == json("\n"));
                // carriage return
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\r\"").parse() == json("\r"));
                // horizontal tab
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\t\"").parse() == json("\t"));

                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\u0001\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "\x01");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\u000a\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "\n");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\u00b0\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "°");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\u0c00\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "ఀ");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\ud000\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "퀀");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\u000E\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "\x0E");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\u00F0\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "ð");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\u0100\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "Ā");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\u2000\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == " ");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\uFFFF\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "￿");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"\\u20AC\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "€");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"€\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "€");
                CHECK(json::parser("\"🎈\"").parse().get<json::string_t>() == "🎈");

                CHECK(json::parse("\"\\ud80c\\udc60\"").get<json::string_t>() == u8"\U00013060");
                CHECK(json::parse("\"\\ud83c\\udf1e\"").get<json::string_t>() == "🌞");
            }
        }

        SECTION("number")
        {
            SECTION("integers")
            {
                SECTION("without exponent")
                {
                    CHECK(json::parser("-128").parse() == json(-128));
                    CHECK(json::parser("-0").parse() == json(-0));
                    CHECK(json::parser("0").parse() == json(0));
                    CHECK(json::parser("128").parse() == json(128));
                }

                SECTION("with exponent")
                {
                    CHECK(json::parser("0e1").parse() == json(0e1));
                    CHECK(json::parser("0E1").parse() == json(0e1));

                    CHECK(json::parser("10000E-4").parse() == json(10000e-4));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000E-3").parse() == json(10000e-3));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000E-2").parse() == json(10000e-2));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000E-1").parse() == json(10000e-1));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000E0").parse() == json(10000e0));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000E1").parse() == json(10000e1));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000E2").parse() == json(10000e2));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000E3").parse() == json(10000e3));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000E4").parse() == json(10000e4));

                    CHECK(json::parser("10000e-4").parse() == json(10000e-4));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000e-3").parse() == json(10000e-3));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000e-2").parse() == json(10000e-2));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000e-1").parse() == json(10000e-1));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000e0").parse() == json(10000e0));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000e1").parse() == json(10000e1));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000e2").parse() == json(10000e2));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000e3").parse() == json(10000e3));
                    CHECK(json::parser("10000e4").parse() == json(10000e4));

                    CHECK(json::parser("-0e1").parse() == json(-0e1));
                    CHECK(json::parser("-0E1").parse() == json(-0e1));
                    CHECK(json::parser("-0E123").parse() == json(-0e123));
                }
            }

            SECTION("floating-point")
            {
                SECTION("without exponent")
                {
                    CHECK(json::parser("-128.5").parse() == json(-128.5));
                    CHECK(json::parser("0.999").parse() == json(0.999));
                    CHECK(json::parser("128.5").parse() == json(128.5));
                    CHECK(json::parser("-0.0").parse() == json(-0.0));
                }

                SECTION("with exponent")
                {
                    CHECK(json::parser("-128.5E3").parse() == json(-128.5E3));
                    CHECK(json::parser("-128.5E-3").parse() == json(-128.5E-3));
                    CHECK(json::parser("-0.0e1").parse() == json(-0.0e1));
                    CHECK(json::parser("-0.0E1").parse() == json(-0.0e1));
                }
            }

            SECTION("invalid numbers")
            {
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("01").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("--1").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1.").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1E").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1E-").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1.E1").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-1E").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0E#").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0E-#").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0#").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0.0:").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0.0Z").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0E123:").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0e0-:").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0e-:").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0f").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
            }
        }
    }

    SECTION("parse errors")
    {
        // unexpected end of number
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("0.").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("--").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-0.").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-.").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("-:").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("0.:").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("e.").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1e.").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1e/").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1e:").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1E.").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1E/").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("1E:").parse(), std::invalid_argument);

        // unexpected end of null
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("n").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("n").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("nu").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("nul").parse(), std::invalid_argument);

        // unexpected end of true
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("t").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("t").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("tr").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("tru").parse(), std::invalid_argument);

        // unexpected end of false
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("f").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("fa").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("fal").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("fals").parse(), std::invalid_argument);

        // unexpected end of array
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("[").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("[1").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("[1,").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("[1,]").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("]").parse(), std::invalid_argument);

        // unexpected end of object
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("{").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("{\"foo\"").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("{\"foo\":").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("{\"foo\":}").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("{\"foo\":1,}").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("}").parse(), std::invalid_argument);

        // unexpected end of string
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("\"").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("\"\\\"").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("\"\\u\"").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("\"\\u0\"").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("\"\\u01\"").parse(), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser("\"\\u012\"").parse(), std::invalid_argument);

        // invalid escapes
        for (int c = 1; c < 128; ++c)
        {
            auto s = std::string("\"\\") + std::string(1, c) + "\"";

            switch (c)
            {
                // valid escapes
                case ('"'):
                case ('\\'):
                case ('/'):
                case ('b'):
                case ('f'):
                case ('n'):
                case ('r'):
                case ('t'):
                {
                    CHECK_NOTHROW(json::parser(s).parse());
                    break;
                }

                // \u must be followed with four numbers, so we skip it here
                case ('u'):
                {
                    break;
                }

                // any other combination of backslash and character is invalid
                default:
                {
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser(s).parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // invalid \uxxxx escapes
        {
            // check whether character is a valid hex character
            const auto valid = [](int c)
            {
                switch (c)
                {
                    case ('0'):
                    case ('1'):
                    case ('2'):
                    case ('3'):
                    case ('4'):
                    case ('5'):
                    case ('6'):
                    case ('7'):
                    case ('8'):
                    case ('9'):
                    case ('a'):
                    case ('b'):
                    case ('c'):
                    case ('d'):
                    case ('e'):
                    case ('f'):
                    case ('A'):
                    case ('B'):
                    case ('C'):
                    case ('D'):
                    case ('E'):
                    case ('F'):
                    {
                        return true;
                    }

                    default:
                    {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            };

            for (int c = 1; c < 128; ++c)
            {
                std::string s = "\"\\u";

                // create a string with the iterated character at each position
                auto s1 = s + "000" + std::string(1, c) + "\"";
                auto s2 = s + "00" + std::string(1, c) + "0\"";
                auto s3 = s + "0" + std::string(1, c) + "00\"";
                auto s4 = s + std::string(1, c) + "000\"";

                if (valid(c))
                {
                    CHECK_NOTHROW(json::parser(s1).parse());
                    CHECK_NOTHROW(json::parser(s2).parse());
                    CHECK_NOTHROW(json::parser(s3).parse());
                    CHECK_NOTHROW(json::parser(s4).parse());
                }
                else
                {
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser(s1).parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser(s2).parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser(s3).parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parser(s4).parse(), std::invalid_argument);
                }
            }
        }

        // missing part of a surrogate pair
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse("\"\\uD80C\""), std::invalid_argument);
        // invalid surrogate pair
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse("\"\\uD80C\\uD80C\""), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse("\"\\uD80C\\u0000\""), std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse("\"\\uD80C\\uFFFF\""), std::invalid_argument);
    }
}

TEST_CASE("README", "[hide]")
{
    {
        // create an empty structure (null)
        json j;

        // add a number that is stored as double (note the implicit conversion of j to an object)
        j["pi"] = 3.141;

        // add a Boolean that is stored as bool
        j["happy"] = true;

        // add a string that is stored as std::string
        j["name"] = "Niels";

        // add another null object by passing nullptr
        j["nothing"] = nullptr;

        // add an object inside the object
        j["answer"]["everything"] = 42;

        // add an array that is stored as std::vector (using an initializer list)
        j["list"] = { 1, 0, 2 };

        // add another object (using an initializer list of pairs)
        j["object"] = { {"currency", "USD"}, {"value", 42.99} };

        // instead, you could also write (which looks very similar to the JSON above)
        json j2 =
        {
            {"pi", 3.141},
            {"happy", true},
            {"name", "Niels"},
            {"nothing", nullptr},
            {
                "answer", {
                    {"everything", 42}
                }
            },
            {"list", {1, 0, 2}},
            {
                "object", {
                    {"currency", "USD"},
                    {"value", 42.99}
                }
            }
        };
    }

    {
        // ways to express the empty array []
        json empty_array_implicit = {{}};
        json empty_array_explicit = json::array();

        // a way to express the empty object {}
        json empty_object_explicit = json::object();

        // a way to express an _array_ of key/value pairs [["currency", "USD"], ["value", 42.99]]
        json array_not_object = { json::array({"currency", "USD"}), json::array({"value", 42.99}) };
    }

    {
        // create object from string literal
        json j = "{ \"happy\": true, \"pi\": 3.141 }"_json;

        // or even nicer (thanks http://isocpp.org/blog/2015/01/json-for-modern-cpp)
        auto j2 = R"(
          {
            "happy": true,
            "pi": 3.141
          }
        )"_json;

        // or explicitly
        auto j3 = json::parse("{ \"happy\": true, \"pi\": 3.141 }");

        // explicit conversion to string
        std::string s = j.dump();    // {\"happy\":true,\"pi\":3.141}

        // serialization with pretty printing
        // pass in the amount of spaces to indent
        std::cout << j.dump(4) << std::endl;
        // {
        //     "happy": true,
        //     "pi": 3.141
        // }

        std::cout << std::setw(2) << j << std::endl;
    }

    {
        // create an array using push_back
        json j;
        j.push_back("foo");
        j.push_back(1);
        j.push_back(true);

        // iterate the array
        for (json::iterator it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); ++it)
        {
            std::cout << *it << '\n';
        }

        // range-based for
        for (auto element : j)
        {
            std::cout << element << '\n';
        }

        // getter/setter
        const std::string tmp = j[0];
        j[1] = 42;
        bool foo = j.at(2);

        // other stuff
        j.size();     // 3 entries
        j.empty();    // false
        j.type();     // json::value_t::array
        j.clear();    // the array is empty again

        // comparison
        j == "[\"foo\", 1, true]"_json;  // true

        // create an object
        json o;
        o["foo"] = 23;
        o["bar"] = false;
        o["baz"] = 3.141;

        // find an entry
        if (o.find("foo") != o.end())
        {
            // there is an entry with key "foo"
        }
    }

    {
        std::vector<int> c_vector {1, 2, 3, 4};
        json j_vec(c_vector);
        // [1, 2, 3, 4]

        std::deque<float> c_deque {1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 5.6};
        json j_deque(c_deque);
        // [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 5.6]

        std::list<bool> c_list {true, true, false, true};
        json j_list(c_list);
        // [true, true, false, true]

        std::forward_list<int64_t> c_flist {12345678909876, 23456789098765, 34567890987654, 45678909876543};
        json j_flist(c_flist);
        // [12345678909876, 23456789098765, 34567890987654, 45678909876543]

        std::array<unsigned long, 4> c_array {{1, 2, 3, 4}};
        json j_array(c_array);
        // [1, 2, 3, 4]

        std::set<std::string> c_set {"one", "two", "three", "four", "one"};
        json j_set(c_set); // only one entry for "one" is used
        // ["four", "one", "three", "two"]

        std::unordered_set<std::string> c_uset {"one", "two", "three", "four", "one"};
        json j_uset(c_uset); // only one entry for "one" is used
        // maybe ["two", "three", "four", "one"]

        std::multiset<std::string> c_mset {"one", "two", "one", "four"};
        json j_mset(c_mset); // only one entry for "one" is used
        // maybe ["one", "two", "four"]

        std::unordered_multiset<std::string> c_umset {"one", "two", "one", "four"};
        json j_umset(c_umset); // both entries for "one" are used
        // maybe ["one", "two", "one", "four"]
    }

    {
        std::map<std::string, int> c_map { {"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3} };
        json j_map(c_map);
        // {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}

        std::unordered_map<const char*, float> c_umap { {"one", 1.2}, {"two", 2.3}, {"three", 3.4} };
        json j_umap(c_umap);
        // {"one": 1.2, "two": 2.3, "three": 3.4}

        std::multimap<std::string, bool> c_mmap { {"one", true}, {"two", true}, {"three", false}, {"three", true} };
        json j_mmap(c_mmap); // only one entry for key "three" is used
        // maybe {"one": true, "two": true, "three": true}

        std::unordered_multimap<std::string, bool> c_ummap { {"one", true}, {"two", true}, {"three", false}, {"three", true} };
        json j_ummap(c_ummap); // only one entry for key "three" is used
        // maybe {"one": true, "two": true, "three": true}
    }

    {
        /// strings
        std::string s1 = "Hello, world!";
        json js = s1;
        std::string s2 = js;

        // Booleans
        bool b1 = true;
        json jb = b1;
        bool b2 = jb;

        // numbers
        int i = 42;
        json jn = i;
        double f = jn;

        // etc.

        std::string vs = js.get<std::string>();
        bool vb = jb.get<bool>();
        int vi = jn.get<int>();

        // etc.
    }
}

TEST_CASE("algorithms")
{
    json j_array = {13, 29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz"};
    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};

    SECTION("non-modifying sequence operations")
    {
        SECTION("std::all_of")
        {
            CHECK(std::all_of(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & value)
            {
                return value.size() > 0;
            }));
            CHECK(std::all_of(j_object.begin(), j_object.end(), [](const json & value)
            {
                return value.type() == json::value_t::number_integer;
            }));
        }

        SECTION("std::any_of")
        {
            CHECK(std::any_of(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & value)
            {
                return value.is_string() and value.get<std::string>() == "foo";
            }));
            CHECK(std::any_of(j_object.begin(), j_object.end(), [](const json & value)
            {
                return value.get<int>() > 1;
            }));
        }

        SECTION("std::none_of")
        {
            CHECK(std::none_of(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & value)
            {
                return value.size() == 0;
            }));
            CHECK(std::none_of(j_object.begin(), j_object.end(), [](const json & value)
            {
                return value.get<int>() <= 0;
            }));
        }

        SECTION("std::for_each")
        {
            SECTION("reading")
            {
                int sum = 0;

                std::for_each(j_array.cbegin(), j_array.cend(), [&sum](const json & value)
                {
                    if (value.is_number())
                    {
                        sum += static_cast<int>(value);
                    }
                });

                CHECK(sum == 45);
            }

            SECTION("writing")
            {
                auto add17 = [](json & value)
                {
                    if (value.is_array())
                    {
                        value.push_back(17);
                    }
                };

                std::for_each(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), add17);

                CHECK(j_array[6] == json({1, 2, 3, 17}));
            }
        }

        SECTION("std::count")
        {
            CHECK(std::count(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), json(true)) == 1);
        }

        SECTION("std::count_if")
        {
            CHECK(std::count_if(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & value)
            {
                return (value.is_number());
            }) == 3);
            CHECK(std::count_if(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json&)
            {
                return true;
            }) == 9);
        }

        SECTION("std::mismatch")
        {
            json j_array2 = {13, 29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz"};
            auto res = std::mismatch(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_array2.begin());
            CHECK(*res.first == json({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}));
            CHECK(*res.second == json({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}));
        }

        SECTION("std::equal")
        {
            SECTION("using operator==")
            {
                CHECK(std::equal(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_array.begin()));
                CHECK(std::equal(j_object.begin(), j_object.end(), j_object.begin()));
                CHECK(not std::equal(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_object.begin()));
            }

            SECTION("using user-defined comparison")
            {
                // compare objects only by size of its elements
                json j_array2 = {13, 29, 3, {"Hello", "World"}, true, false, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}, "foo", "baz"};
                CHECK(not std::equal(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_array2.begin()));
                CHECK(std::equal(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_array2.begin(),
                                 [](const json & a, const json & b)
                {
                    return (a.size() == b.size());
                }));
            }
        }

        SECTION("std::find")
        {
            auto it = std::find(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), json(false));
            CHECK(std::distance(j_array.begin(), it) == 5);
        }

        SECTION("std::find_if")
        {
            auto it = std::find_if(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(),
                                   [](const json & value)
            {
                return value.is_boolean();
            });
            CHECK(std::distance(j_array.begin(), it) == 4);
        }

        SECTION("std::find_if_not")
        {
            auto it = std::find_if_not(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(),
                                       [](const json & value)
            {
                return value.is_number();
            });
            CHECK(std::distance(j_array.begin(), it) == 3);
        }

        SECTION("std::adjacent_find")
        {
            CHECK(std::adjacent_find(j_array.begin(), j_array.end()) == j_array.end());
            CHECK(std::adjacent_find(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(),
                                     [](const json & v1, const json & v2)
            {
                return v1.type() == v2.type();
            }) == j_array.begin());
        }
    }

    SECTION("modifying sequence operations")
    {
        SECTION("std::reverse")
        {
            std::reverse(j_array.begin(), j_array.end());
            CHECK(j_array == json({"baz", "foo", {1, 2, 3}, false, true, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, 3, 29, 13}));
        }

        SECTION("std::rotate")
        {
            std::rotate(j_array.begin(), j_array.begin() + 1, j_array.end());
            CHECK(j_array == json({29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz", 13}));
        }

        SECTION("std::partition")
        {
            auto it = std::partition(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & v)
            {
                return v.is_string();
            });
            CHECK(std::distance(j_array.begin(), it) == 2);
            CHECK(not it[2].is_string());
        }
    }

    SECTION("sorting operations")
    {
        SECTION("std::sort")
        {
            SECTION("with standard comparison")
            {
                json j = {13, 29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz", nullptr};
                std::sort(j.begin(), j.end());
                CHECK(j == json({nullptr, false, true, 3, 13, 29, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3}, "baz", "foo"}));
            }

            SECTION("with user-defined comparison")
            {
                json j = {3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3}, nullptr};
                std::sort(j.begin(), j.end(), [](const json & a, const json & b)
                {
                    return a.size() < b.size();
                });
                CHECK(j == json({nullptr, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3}}));
            }

            SECTION("sorting an object")
            {
                json j({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}});
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(std::sort(j.begin(), j.end()), std::domain_error);
            }
        }

        SECTION("std::partial_sort")
        {
            json j = {13, 29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz", nullptr};
            std::partial_sort(j.begin(), j.begin() + 4, j.end());
            CHECK(j == json({nullptr, false, true, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, 29, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz", 13}));
        }
    }

    SECTION("set operations")
    {
        SECTION("std::merge")
        {
            {
                json j1 = {2, 4, 6, 8};
                json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
                json j3;

                std::merge(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
                CHECK(j3 == json({1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}));
            }
        }

        SECTION("std::set_difference")
        {
            json j1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
            json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
            json j3;

            std::set_difference(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
            CHECK(j3 == json({4, 6, 8}));
        }

        SECTION("std::set_intersection")
        {
            json j1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
            json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
            json j3;

            std::set_intersection(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
            CHECK(j3 == json({1, 2, 3, 5, 7}));
        }

        SECTION("std::set_union")
        {
            json j1 = {2, 4, 6, 8};
            json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
            json j3;

            std::set_union(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
            CHECK(j3 == json({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}));
        }

        SECTION("std::set_symmetric_difference")
        {
            json j1 = {2, 4, 6, 8};
            json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
            json j3;

            std::set_symmetric_difference(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
            CHECK(j3 == json({1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}));
        }
    }

    SECTION("heap operations")
    {
        std::make_heap(j_array.begin(), j_array.end());
        CHECK(std::is_heap(j_array.begin(), j_array.end()));
        std::sort_heap(j_array.begin(), j_array.end());
        CHECK(j_array == json({false, true, 3, 13, 29, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3}, "baz", "foo"}));
    }
}

TEST_CASE("concepts")
{
    SECTION("class json")
    {
        SECTION("DefaultConstructible")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible<json>::value);
        }

        SECTION("MoveConstructible")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json>::value);
        }

        SECTION("CopyConstructible")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_copy_constructible<json>::value);
        }

        SECTION("MoveAssignable")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json>::value);
        }

        SECTION("CopyAssignable")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_copy_assignable<json>::value);
        }

        SECTION("Destructible")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_destructible<json>::value);
        }

        SECTION("StandardLayoutType")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_standard_layout<json>::value);
        }
    }

    SECTION("class iterator")
    {
        SECTION("CopyConstructible")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::iterator>::value);
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::const_iterator>::value);
        }

        SECTION("CopyAssignable")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<json::iterator>::value);
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<json::const_iterator>::value);
        }

        SECTION("Destructible")
        {
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_destructible<json::iterator>::value);
            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_destructible<json::const_iterator>::value);
        }

        SECTION("Swappable")
        {
            {
                json j {1, 2, 3};
                json::iterator it1 = j.begin();
                json::iterator it2 = j.end();
                std::swap(it1, it2);
                CHECK(it1 == j.end());
                CHECK(it2 == j.begin());
            }
            {
                json j {1, 2, 3};
                json::const_iterator it1 = j.cbegin();
                json::const_iterator it2 = j.cend();
                std::swap(it1, it2);
                CHECK(it1 == j.end());
                CHECK(it2 == j.begin());
            }
        }
    }
}