json/test/src/unit-regression.cpp

/*
    __ _____ _____ _____
 __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 2.1.0
|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json

Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.

Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
*/

#include "catch.hpp"

#include "json.hpp"
using nlohmann::json;

#include <fstream>

TEST_CASE("regression tests")
{
    SECTION("issue #60 - Double quotation mark is not parsed correctly")
    {
        SECTION("escape_dobulequote")
        {
            auto s = "[\"\\\"foo\\\"\"]";
            json j = json::parse(s);
            auto expected = R"(["\"foo\""])"_json;
            CHECK(j == expected);
        }
    }

    SECTION("issue #70 - Handle infinity and NaN cases")
    {
        SECTION("NAN value")
        {
            CHECK(json(NAN) == json());
            CHECK(json(json::number_float_t(NAN)) == json());
        }

        SECTION("infinity")
        {
            CHECK(json(INFINITY) == json());
            CHECK(json(json::number_float_t(INFINITY)) == json());
        }
    }

    SECTION("pull request #71 - handle enum type")
    {
        enum { t = 0, u = 1};
        json j = json::array();
        j.push_back(t);

        // maybe this is not the place to test this?
        json j2 = u;

        auto anon_enum_value = j2.get<decltype(u)>();
        CHECK(u == anon_enum_value);

        static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(anon_enum_value), decltype(u)>::value, "");

        j.push_back(json::object(
        {
            {"game_type", t}
        }));
    }

    SECTION("issue #76 - dump() / parse() not idempotent")
    {
        // create JSON object
        json fields;
        fields["one"] = std::string("one");
        fields["two"] = std::string("two three");
        fields["three"] = std::string("three \"four\"");

        // create another JSON object by deserializing the serialization
        std::string payload = fields.dump();
        json parsed_fields = json::parse(payload);

        // check individual fields to match both objects
        CHECK(parsed_fields["one"] == fields["one"]);
        CHECK(parsed_fields["two"] == fields["two"]);
        CHECK(parsed_fields["three"] == fields["three"]);

        // check individual fields to match original input
        CHECK(parsed_fields["one"] == std::string("one"));
        CHECK(parsed_fields["two"] == std::string("two three"));
        CHECK(parsed_fields["three"] == std::string("three \"four\""));

        // check equality of the objects
        CHECK(parsed_fields == fields);

        // check equality of the serialized objects
        CHECK(fields.dump() == parsed_fields.dump());

        // check everything in one line
        CHECK(fields == json::parse(fields.dump()));
    }

    SECTION("issue #82 - lexer::get_number return NAN")
    {
        const auto content = R"(
        {
            "Test":"Test1",
            "Number":100,
            "Foo":42.42
        })";

        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << content;
        json j;
        ss >> j;

        std::string test = j["Test"];
        CHECK(test == "Test1");
        int number = j["Number"];
        CHECK(number == 100);
        float foo = j["Foo"];
        CHECK(foo == Approx(42.42));
    }

    SECTION("issue #89 - nonstandard integer type")
    {
        // create JSON class with nonstandard integer number type
        using custom_json =
            nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int32_t, uint32_t, float>;
        custom_json j;
        j["int_1"] = 1;
        // we need to cast to int to compile with Catch - the value is int32_t
        CHECK(static_cast<int>(j["int_1"]) == 1);

        // tests for correct handling of non-standard integers that overflow the type selected by the user

        // unsigned integer object creation - expected to wrap and still be stored as an integer
        j = 4294967296U; // 2^32
        CHECK(static_cast<int>(j.type()) == static_cast<int>(custom_json::value_t::number_unsigned));
        CHECK(j.get<uint32_t>() == 0);  // Wrap

        // unsigned integer parsing - expected to overflow and be stored as a float
        j = custom_json::parse("4294967296"); // 2^32
        CHECK(static_cast<int>(j.type()) == static_cast<int>(custom_json::value_t::number_float));
        CHECK(j.get<float>() == 4294967296.0f);

        // integer object creation - expected to wrap and still be stored as an integer
        j = -2147483649LL; // -2^31-1
        CHECK(static_cast<int>(j.type()) == static_cast<int>(custom_json::value_t::number_integer));
        CHECK(j.get<int32_t>() == 2147483647);  // Wrap

        // integer parsing - expected to overflow and be stored as a float with rounding
        j = custom_json::parse("-2147483649"); // -2^31
        CHECK(static_cast<int>(j.type()) == static_cast<int>(custom_json::value_t::number_float));
        CHECK(j.get<float>() == -2147483650.0f);
    }

    SECTION("issue #93 reverse_iterator operator inheritance problem")
    {
        {
            json a = {1, 2, 3};
            json::reverse_iterator rit = a.rbegin();
            ++rit;
            CHECK(*rit == json(2));
            CHECK(rit.value() == json(2));
        }
        {
            json a = {1, 2, 3};
            json::reverse_iterator rit = ++a.rbegin();
        }
        {
            json a = {1, 2, 3};
            json::reverse_iterator rit = a.rbegin();
            ++rit;
            json b = {0, 0, 0};
            std::transform(rit, a.rend(), b.rbegin(), [](json el)
            {
                return el;
            });
            CHECK(b == json({0, 1, 2}));
        }
        {
            json a = {1, 2, 3};
            json b = {0, 0, 0};
            std::transform(++a.rbegin(), a.rend(), b.rbegin(), [](json el)
            {
                return el;
            });
            CHECK(b == json({0, 1, 2}));
        }
    }

    SECTION("issue #100 - failed to iterator json object with reverse_iterator")
    {
        json config =
        {
            { "111", 111 },
            { "112", 112 },
            { "113", 113 }
        };

        std::stringstream ss;

        for (auto it = config.begin(); it != config.end(); ++it)
        {
            ss << it.key() << ": " << it.value() << '\n';
        }

        for (auto it = config.rbegin(); it != config.rend(); ++it)
        {
            ss << it.key() << ": " << it.value() << '\n';
        }

        CHECK(ss.str() == "111: 111\n112: 112\n113: 113\n113: 113\n112: 112\n111: 111\n");
    }

    SECTION("issue #101 - binary string causes numbers to be dumped as hex")
    {
        int64_t number = 10;
        std::string bytes{"\x00" "asdf\n", 6};
        json j;
        j["int64"] = number;
        j["binary string"] = bytes;
        // make sure the number is really printed as decimal "10" and not as
        // hexadecimal "a"
        CHECK(j.dump() == "{\"binary string\":\"\\u0000asdf\\n\",\"int64\":10}");
    }

    SECTION("issue #111 - subsequent unicode chars")
    {
        std::string bytes{0x7, 0x7};
        json j;
        j["string"] = bytes;
        CHECK(j["string"] == "\u0007\u0007");
    }

    SECTION("issue #144 - implicit assignment to std::string fails")
    {
        json o = {{"name", "value"}};

        std::string s1 = o["name"];
        CHECK(s1 == "value");

        std::string s2;
        s2 = o["name"];

        CHECK(s2 == "value");
    }

    SECTION("issue #146 - character following a surrogate pair is skipped")
    {
        CHECK(json::parse("\"\\ud80c\\udc60abc\"").get<json::string_t>() == u8"\U00013060abc");
    }

    SECTION("issue #171 - Cannot index by key of type static constexpr const char*")
    {
        json j;

        // Non-const access with key as "char []"
        char array_key[] = "Key1";
        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[array_key] = 1);
        CHECK(j[array_key] == json(1));

        // Non-const access with key as "const char[]"
        const char const_array_key[] = "Key2";
        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[const_array_key] = 2);
        CHECK(j[const_array_key] == json(2));

        // Non-const access with key as "char *"
        char _ptr_key[] = "Key3";
        char* ptr_key = &_ptr_key[0];
        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[ptr_key] = 3);
        CHECK(j[ptr_key] == json(3));

        // Non-const access with key as "const char *"
        const char* const_ptr_key = "Key4";
        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[const_ptr_key] = 4);
        CHECK(j[const_ptr_key] == json(4));

        // Non-const access with key as "static constexpr const char *"
        static constexpr const char* constexpr_ptr_key = "Key5";
        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[constexpr_ptr_key] = 5);
        CHECK(j[constexpr_ptr_key] == json(5));

        const json j_const = j;

        // Const access with key as "char []"
        CHECK(j_const[array_key] == json(1));

        // Const access with key as "const char[]"
        CHECK(j_const[const_array_key] == json(2));

        // Const access with key as "char *"
        CHECK(j_const[ptr_key] == json(3));

        // Const access with key as "const char *"
        CHECK(j_const[const_ptr_key] == json(4));

        // Const access with key as "static constexpr const char *"
        CHECK(j_const[constexpr_ptr_key] == json(5));
    }

    SECTION("issue #186 miloyip/nativejson-benchmark: floating-point parsing")
    {
        json j;

        j = json::parse("-0.0");
        CHECK(j.get<double>() == -0.0);

        j = json::parse("2.22507385850720113605740979670913197593481954635164564e-308");
        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 2.2250738585072009e-308);

        j = json::parse("0.999999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984374");
        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 0.99999999999999989);

        j = json::parse("1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203126");
        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 1.00000000000000022);

        j = json::parse("7205759403792793199999e-5");
        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 72057594037927928.0);

        j = json::parse("922337203685477529599999e-5");
        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 9223372036854774784.0);

        j = json::parse("1014120480182583464902367222169599999e-5");
        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 10141204801825834086073718800384.0);

        j = json::parse("5708990770823839207320493820740630171355185151999e-3");
        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 5708990770823838890407843763683279797179383808.0);

        // create JSON class with nonstandard float number type

        // float
        nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int32_t, uint32_t, float> j_float =
            1.23e25f;
        CHECK(j_float.get<float>() == 1.23e25f);

        // double
        nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int64_t, uint64_t, double> j_double =
            1.23e35f;
        CHECK(j_double.get<double>() == 1.23e35f);

        // long double
        nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int64_t, uint64_t, long double>
        j_long_double = 1.23e45L;
        CHECK(j_long_double.get<long double>() == 1.23e45L);
    }

    SECTION("issue #228 - double values are serialized with commas as decimal points")
    {
        json j1a = 2312.42;
        json j1b = json::parse("2312.42");

        json j2a = 2342e-2;
        //issue #230
        //json j2b = json::parse("2342e-2");

        json j3a = 10E3;
        json j3b = json::parse("10E3");
        json j3c = json::parse("10e3");

        // class to create a locale that would use a comma for decimals
        class CommaDecimalSeparator : public std::numpunct<char>
        {
          protected:
            char do_decimal_point() const
            {
                return ',';
            }

            char do_thousands_sep() const
            {
                return '.';
            }
            
            std::string do_grouping() const
            {
                return "\03";
            }
        };

        // change locale to mess with decimal points
        auto orig_locale = std::locale::global(std::locale(std::locale(), new CommaDecimalSeparator));

        CHECK(j1a.dump() == "2312.42");
        CHECK(j1b.dump() == "2312.42");

        // check if locale is properly reset
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss.imbue(std::locale(std::locale(), new CommaDecimalSeparator));
        ss << 4712.11;
        CHECK(ss.str() == "4.712,11");
        ss << j1a;
        CHECK(ss.str() == "4.712,112312.42");
        ss << 47.11;
        CHECK(ss.str() == "4.712,112312.4247,11");

        CHECK(j2a.dump() == "23.42");
        //issue #230
        //CHECK(j2b.dump() == "23.42");

        CHECK(j3a.dump() == "10000.0");
        CHECK(j3b.dump() == "10000.0");
        CHECK(j3c.dump() == "10000.0");
        //CHECK(j3b.dump() == "1E04"); // roundtrip error
        //CHECK(j3c.dump() == "1e04"); // roundtrip error

        std::locale::global(orig_locale);
    }

    SECTION("issue #378 - locale-independent num-to-str")
    {
        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "de_DE.UTF-8");

        // Verify that snprintf uses special decimal and grouping characters.
        // Disabled, because can't trigger locale-specific behavior in AppVeyor
#ifndef _MSC_VER
        {
            std::array<char, 64> buf;
            std::snprintf(buf.data(), buf.size(), "%.2f", 12345.67);
            CHECK(strcmp(buf.data(), "12345,67") == 0);
        }
#endif

        // verify that dumped correctly with '.' and no grouping
        const json j1 = 12345.67;
        CHECK(json(12345.67).dump() == "12345.67");
        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
    }

    SECTION("issue #379 - locale-independent str-to-num")
    {
        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "de_DE.UTF-8");

        // disabled, because locale-specific beharivor is not
        // triggered in AppVeyor for some reason
#ifndef _MSC_VER
        {
            // verify that strtod now uses commas as decimal-separator
            CHECK(std::strtod("3,14", nullptr) == 3.14);

            // verify that strtod does not understand dots as decimal separator
            CHECK(std::strtod("3.14", nullptr) == 3);
        }
#endif

        // verify that parsed correctly despite using strtod internally
        CHECK(json::parse("3.14").get<double>() == 3.14);

        // check a different code path
        CHECK(json::parse("1.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").get<double>() == 1.0);
    }

    SECTION("issue #233 - Can't use basic_json::iterator as a base iterator for std::move_iterator")
    {
        json source = {"a", "b", "c"};
        json expected = {"a", "b"};
        json dest;

        std::copy_n(std::make_move_iterator(source.begin()), 2, std::back_inserter(dest));

        CHECK(dest == expected);
    }

    SECTION("issue #235 - ambiguous overload for 'push_back' and 'operator+='")
    {
        json data = {{"key", "value"}};
        data.push_back({"key2", "value2"});
        data += {"key3", "value3"};

        CHECK(data == json({{"key", "value"}, {"key2", "value2"}, {"key3", "value3"}}));
    }

    SECTION("issue #269 - diff generates incorrect patch when removing multiple array elements")
    {
        json doc = R"( { "arr1": [1, 2, 3, 4] } )"_json;
        json expected = R"( { "arr1": [1, 2] } )"_json;

        // check roundtrip
        CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
    }

    SECTION("issue #283 - value() does not work with _json_pointer types")
    {
        json j =
        {
            {"object", {{"key1", 1}, {"key2", 2}}},
        };

        int at_integer = j.at("/object/key2"_json_pointer);
        int val_integer = j.value("/object/key2"_json_pointer, 0);

        CHECK(at_integer == val_integer);
    }

    SECTION("issue #304 - Unused variable warning")
    {
        // code triggered a "warning: unused variable" warning and is left
        // here to avoid the warning in the future
        json object;
        json patch = json::array();
        object = object.patch(patch);
    }

    SECTION("issue #306 - Parsing fails without space at end of file")
    {
        for (auto filename :
                {
                    "test/data/regression/broken_file.json",
                    "test/data/regression/working_file.json"
                })
        {
            CAPTURE(filename);
            json j;
            std::ifstream f(filename);
            CHECK_NOTHROW(j << f);
        }
    }

    SECTION("issue #310 - make json_benchmarks no longer working in 2.0.4")
    {
        for (auto filename :
                {
                    "test/data/regression/floats.json",
                    "test/data/regression/signed_ints.json",
                    "test/data/regression/unsigned_ints.json"
                })
        {
            CAPTURE(filename);
            json j;
            std::ifstream f(filename);
            CHECK_NOTHROW(j << f);
        }
    }

    SECTION("issue #323 - add nested object capabilities to pointers")
    {
        json j;
        j["/this/that/2"_json_pointer] = 27;
        CHECK(j == json({{"this", {{"that", {nullptr, nullptr, 27}}}}}));
    }

    SECTION("issue #329 - serialized value not always can be parsed")
    {
        json j = json::parse("22e2222");
        CHECK(j == json());
    }

    SECTION("issue #366 - json::parse on failed stream gets stuck")
    {
        std::ifstream f("file_not_found.json");
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse(f), std::invalid_argument);
    }

    SECTION("issue #367 - calling stream at EOF")
    {
        std::stringstream ss;
        json j;
        ss << "123";
        CHECK_NOTHROW(j << ss);

        // see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/367#issuecomment-262841893:
        // ss is not at EOF; this yielded an error before the fix
        // (threw basic_string::append). No, it should just throw
        // a parse error because of the EOF.
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j << ss, std::invalid_argument);
        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j << ss, "parse error - unexpected end of input");
    }

    SECTION("issue #389 - Integer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 267)")
    {
        // original test case
        json j1 = json::parse("-9223372036854775808");
        CHECK(j1.is_number_integer());
        CHECK(j1.get<json::number_integer_t>() == INT64_MIN);

        // edge case (+1; still an integer)
        json j2 = json::parse("-9223372036854775807");
        CHECK(j2.is_number_integer());
        CHECK(j2.get<json::number_integer_t>() == INT64_MIN + 1);

        // edge case (-1; overflow -> floats)
        json j3 = json::parse("-9223372036854775809");
        CHECK(j3.is_number_float());
    }

    SECTION("issue #380 - bug in overflow detection when parsing integers")
    {
        json j = json::parse("166020696663385964490");
        CHECK(j.is_number_float());
        CHECK(j.dump() == "1.66020696663386e+20");
    }

    SECTION("issue #405 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 342)")
    {
        // original test case
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec {0x65, 0xf5, 0x0a, 0x48, 0x21};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec), std::out_of_range);
    }

    SECTION("issue #407 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 343)")
    {
        // original test case: incomplete float64
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 {0xcb, 0x8f, 0x0a};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_msgpack(vec1), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: incomplete float32
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 {0xca, 0x8f, 0x0a};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_msgpack(vec2), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: incomplete Half-Precision Float (CBOR)
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec3 {0xf9, 0x8f};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec3), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: incomplete Single-Precision Float (CBOR)
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec4 {0xfa, 0x8f, 0x0a};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec4), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: incomplete Double-Precision Float (CBOR)
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec5 {0xfb, 0x8f, 0x0a};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec5), std::out_of_range);
    }

    SECTION("issue #408 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 344)")
    {
        // original test case
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 {0x87};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_msgpack(vec1), std::out_of_range);

        // more test cases for MessagePack
        for (uint8_t b :
                {
                    0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, // fixmap
                    0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f, // fixarray
                    0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf, // fixstr
                    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf
                })
        {
            std::vector<uint8_t> vec(1, b);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_msgpack(vec), std::out_of_range);
        }

        // more test cases for CBOR
        for (uint8_t b :
                {
                    0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
                    0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, // UTF-8 string
                    0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
                    0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, // array
                    0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
                    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7 // map
                })
        {
            std::vector<uint8_t> vec(1, b);
            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec), std::out_of_range);
        }

        // special case: empty input
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2;
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec2), std::out_of_range);
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_msgpack(vec2), std::out_of_range);
    }

    SECTION("issue #411 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 366)")
    {
        // original test case: empty UTF-8 string (indefinite length)
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 {0x7f};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec1), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: empty array (indefinite length)
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 {0x9f};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec2), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: empty map (indefinite length)
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec3 {0xbf};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec3), std::out_of_range);
    }

    SECTION("issue #412 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 367)")
    {
        // original test case
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec
        {
            0xab, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98,
            0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
            0x60, 0xab, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98,
            0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x9f,
            0x9f, 0x97, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60
        };
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: nonempty UTF-8 string (indefinite length)
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 {0x7f, 0x61, 0x61};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec1), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: nonempty array (indefinite length)
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 {0x9f, 0x01};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec2), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: nonempty map (indefinite length)
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec3 {0xbf, 0x61, 0x61, 0x01};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec3), std::out_of_range);
    }

    SECTION("issue #414 - compare with literal 0)")
    {
#define CHECK_TYPE(v) \
    CHECK((json(v) == v));\
    CHECK((v == json(v)));\
    CHECK_FALSE((json(v) != v));\
    CHECK_FALSE((v != json(v)));

        CHECK_TYPE(nullptr);
        CHECK_TYPE(0);
        CHECK_TYPE(0u);
        CHECK_TYPE(0L);
        CHECK_TYPE(0.0);
        CHECK_TYPE("");

#undef CHECK_TYPE
    }

    SECTION("issue #416 - Use-of-uninitialized-value (OSS-Fuzz issue 377)")
    {
        // original test case
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1
        {
            0x94, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa,
            0x3a, 0x96, 0x96, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4,
            0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0x71,
            0xb4, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0x3a,
            0x96, 0x96, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0x94, 0x94, 0x61,
            0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0xfa
        };
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec1), std::out_of_range);

        // related test case: double-precision
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2
        {
            0x94, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa,
            0x3a, 0x96, 0x96, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4,
            0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0x71,
            0xb4, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0x3a,
            0x96, 0x96, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0x94, 0x94, 0x61,
            0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0xfb
        };
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::from_cbor(vec2), std::out_of_range);
    }

    SECTION("issue #452 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 585)")
    {
        std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {'-', '0', '1', '2', '2', '7', '4'};
        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse(vec), std::invalid_argument);
    }

    SECTION("issue #454 - doubles are printed as integers")
    {
        json j = R"({"bool_value":true,"double_value":2.0,"int_value":10,"level1":{"list_value":[3,"hi",false],"tmp":5.0},"string_value":"hello"})"_json;
        CHECK(j["double_value"].is_number_float());
    }
}